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| 1 | Deformation reinforcement theory and its application to high arch dams显示文摘In this paper,the deformation reinforcement theory(DRT) proposed by the authors is elaborated with a new definition of instability that an elasto-plastic structure is not stable if it cannot satisfy simultaneously equilibrium condition,kinematical admissibility and constitutive equations under the prescribed loading.Starting from the definition,a proof is established to the principle of minimum plastic complementary energy for failured structures.It is revealed that the principle of mini-mum plastic complementary energy results in relaxed constitutive equations,especially,yield conditions.It is demonstrated with case studies that many key issues in arch dam design,e.g.,global stability,dam-toe reinforcement,dam-toe cracking,dam-abut-ment reinforcement,can be well solved within the framework of the deformation reinforcement theory.The structural global stability can be described by the curve of the plastic complementary energy vs overloading factor.The unbalanced-forces obtained by elasto-plastic FEM can be used as the basis of analysis of global stability,dam-heel cracking,dam-toe anchorage and reinforcement of faults of high arch dams and their foundations. | YANG Qiang,LIU YaoRu,CHEN YingRu & ZHOU WeiYuan State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，S2： | 21 |
| 2 | Real-time prediction of rock mass classification based on TBM operation big data and stacking technique of ensemble learning显示文摘Real-time prediction of the rock mass class in front of the tunnel face is essential for the adaptive adjustment of tunnel boring machines(TBMs).During the TBM tunnelling process,a large number of operation data are generated,reflecting the interaction between the TBM system and surrounding rock,and these data can be used to evaluate the rock mass quality.This study proposed a stacking ensemble classifier for the real-time prediction of the rock mass classification using TBM operation data.Based on the Songhua River water conveyance project,a total of 7538 TBM tunnelling cycles and the corresponding rock mass classes are obtained after data preprocessing.Then,through the tree-based feature selection method,10 key TBM operation parameters are selected,and the mean values of the 10 selected features in the stable phase after removing outliers are calculated as the inputs of classifiers.The preprocessed data are randomly divided into the training set(90%)and test set(10%)using simple random sampling.Besides stacking ensemble classifier,seven individual classifiers are established as the comparison.These classifiers include support vector machine(SVM),k-nearest neighbors(KNN),random forest(RF),gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT),decision tree(DT),logistic regression(LR)and multilayer perceptron(MLP),where the hyper-parameters of each classifier are optimised using the grid search method.The prediction results show that the stacking ensemble classifier has a better performance than individual classifiers,and it shows a more powerful learning and generalisation ability for small and imbalanced samples.Additionally,a relative balance training set is obtained by the synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE),and the influence of sample imbalance on the prediction performance is discussed. | Shaokang Hou Yaoru Liu Qiang Yang | 2022 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2022，14，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Fracture analysis of rock mass based on 3-D nonlinear Finite Element Method显示文摘Traditional fracture analysis is based on fracture mechanics and damage mechanics. They focus on the propagation of the fracture. However, their propagation criterions are not easily applied in practice and the current analysis is limited in planar problem. This paper presents a new theory that the occurrence of the unbalanced force (derived from the Deformation Reinforcement Theory) could be the criterion of the initiation of the fracture, and the distribution area and propagation of the unbalanced force could be the indication of the fracture propagation direction. By aggregate analysis with Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) criterion, the unbalanced force actually is the opposite external load that is the SIF difference incurred between the external loads and permitted by the structure. Numerical simulation and physical experiments on pre-fracture cuboid rock specimens proved that the occurrence of the unbalanced force could be the initiation of the fracture. Mesh size dependence was also considered by analysis of different mesh size finite element gravity dam models. Furthermore, the theory was applied to the feasibility analysis of the Baihetan arch dam together with physical experiments in order to evaluate the fracture propagation of dam heel. The results show that it is an effective way to use unbalanced force to analyze the fracture initiation and propagation when performing 3-dimensional nonlinear FEM calculation. | LIU YaoRu CHANG Qiang YANG Qiang WANG ChuanQi GUAN FuHai | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，3： | 8 |
| 4 | Slope stability analysis based on a multigrid method using a nonlinear 3D finite element model显示文摘The rigid-body limit equilibrium method cannot reflect the actual stress distribution in a rock mass,and the finite-element-based strength reduction method also has some problems with respect to convergence.To address these problems,a multi-grid method was adopted in this study to establish a structural grid for finite element computation and a slip surface grid for computing slope stability safety factors.This method can be used to determine the stability safety factor for any slip surface or slide block through a combination of nonlinear finite element analysis and limit equilibrium analysis.An ideal elastic–plastic incremental analysis method based on the Drucker–Prager yield criterion was adopted in the nonlinear finite element computation.Elasto-plastic computation achieves good convergence for both small load steps and large load steps and can increase computation precision to a certain extent.To increase the scale and accuracy of the computation,TFINE,a finite element parallel computation program,was used to analyze the influence of grid density on the accuracy of the computation results and was then applied to analysis of the stability of the Jinping high slope.A comparison of the results with results obtained using the rigid-body limit equilibrium method showed that the slope stability safety factors determined using finite element analysis were greater than those obtained using the rigid-body limit equilibrium method and were in better agreement with actual values because nonlinear stress adjustment was considered in the calculation. | Yaoru LIU Zhu HE Bo LI Qiang YANG | 2013 | Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering2013，7，1： | 6 |
| 5 | Evaluating the safety of high arch dams with fractures based on numerical simulation and geomechanical model testing显示文摘It is important to estimate the probability of fracture extension and its impact on the safety of arch dams with fractures. Numerical simulation and geomechanical model test were combined to evaluate the overall stability and the extension probability of fractures. Numerical simulation forecasted the dam displacement and the operating behavior based on the parameters obtained from the back analysis. Geomechanical model test was based on small block masonry and the models with or without fractures were both tested. The results show that the deformation of dams is in line with general rules at a normal water load and the extension probability of the existing fractures is very small, which has no significant impact on the global stability of dams. Moreover, the failure process of arch dams with the existing fractures in dams at overload scenarios is similar to the one without the embedded fractures, i.e., the failure crack which is not caused by the existing fractures inside comes into being on the surface of dams itself. | HE Zhu LIU YaoRu PAN YuanWei YANG Qiang | 2015 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2015，58，10： | 3 |
| 6 | Groundwater Systems and Eco-hydrological Features in the Main Karst Regions of China显示文摘Different karst water features and related water resources are present both in southern and northern China.There are over 3,358 well-developed karst ground river systems with total discharges in the dry season of about 420×108 m3 in the main karst regions in the southern part of China.Exploitation rates are only 8-15%.Over 100 larger karst spring systems in the main karst regions of northern China cover a catchment area from 500 km2 to over 4,000 km2,of which the average discharge appears to be from about 1 m3/s to 13 m3/s and the exploitation rates are 70-80%.Six aspects of the eco-hydrological features of some typical karst regions in China comprising water environment,ecological features,materials and structures between parent rock and soil,bio-geological processes and palynological studies(spore-pollen)are discussed.Qualitative evaluation of eco-geology and rocky desertification in the karst regions should be based on the main karst ecological conditions as well as artificial,i.e.,man-made impacts. | LU Yaoru ZHANG Feng'e LIU Changli TONG Guobang ZHANG Yun | 2006 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2006，80，5： | 3 |
| 7 | Rational Exploitation of Resources and Prevention of Geohazards in Karst Regions显示文摘This paper discusses the rational exploitation of main resources and prevention of geohazards in karst regions. There exist relationship chains between natural disasters in the earth, which include the chain between geological hazards and climatic hazards, the chain between geological hazards and biogenic hazards as well as the one between geological hazards. Irrational exploitation of all resources will inevitably cause hazards. Therefore it is very important to discuss the problem related to prevention of geohazards by rational exploitation of resources. | LU Yaoru | 2001 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2001，75，3： | 3 |
| 8 | Stability analysis of soil slope based on deformation reinforcement theory显示文摘 | Yaoru Liu Chuanqi Wang Qiang Yang | 2012 | Finite Elements in Analysis & Design2012，，： | 2 |
| 9 | Long-term stability analysis of the left bank abutment slope at Jinping I hydropower station显示文摘The time-dependent behavior of the left bank abutment slope at Jinping I hydropower station has a major influence on the normal operation and long-term safety of the hydropower station.To solve this problem,a geomechanical model containing various faults and weak structural planes is established,and numerical simulation is conducted under normal water load condition using FLAC^(3D),incorporating creep model proposed based on thermodynamics with internal state variables theory.The creep deformations of the left bank abutment slope are obtained,and the changes of principal stresses and deformations of the dam body are analyzed.The long-term stability of the left bank abutment slope is evaluated according to the integral curves of energy dissipation rate in domain and its derivative with respect to time,and the non-equilibrium evolution rules and the characteristic time can also be determined using these curves.Numerical results show that the left bank abutment slope tends to be stable in a global sense,and the stress concentration is released.It is also indicated that more attention should be paid to some weak regions within the slope in the long-term deformation process. | Long Zhang Qiang Yang Yaoru Liu | 2016 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2016，8，3： | 2 |
| 10 | Large-Eddy Simulation of Wind Turbine Wake and Aerodynamic Performance with Actuator Line Method显示文摘A hybrid method is presented to numerically investigate the wind turbine aerodynamic characteristics.The wind turbine blade is replaced by an actuator line model.Turbulence is treated using a dynamic one-equation subgrid-scale model in large eddy simulation.Detailed information on the basic characteristics of the wind turbine wake is obtained and discussed.The rotor aerodynamic performance agrees well with the measurements.The actuator line method large-eddy simulation(ALM-LES)technique demonstrates its high potential in providing accurate load prediction and high resolution of turbulent fluctuations in the wind turbine wakes and the interactions within a feasible cost. | Qian Yaoru Wang Tongguang | 2016 | Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics2016，33，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Stability and reinforcement analyses of high arch dams by considering deformation effects显示文摘The strict definition and logical description of the concept of structure stability and failure are presented. The criterion of structure stability is developed based on plastic complementary energy and its variation. It is presented that the principle of minimum plastic complementary energy is the combination of structure equilibrium, coordination condition of deformation and constitutive relationship. Based on the above arguments, the deformation reinforcement theory is developed. The structure global stability can be described by the relationship between the global degree of safety of structure and the plastic complementary energy. Correspondingly, the new idea is used in the evaluations of global stability, anchorage force of dam-toe, fracture of dam-heel and treatment of faults of high arch dams in China. The results show that the deformation reinforcement theory provides a uniform and practical theoretical framework and a valuable solution for the analysis of global stability, dam-heel cracking, dam-toe anchorage and reinforcement of faults of high arch dams and their foundations. | Qiang Yang Yaoru Liu Yingru Chen Weiyuan Zhou | 2010 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2010，2，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Object - based visual attention for computer vision 显示文摘 | YAORU S ROBERT F | 2003 | Artificial Intelligence2003，，146： | 1 |
| 13 | A distributed memory parallel element by element scheme based on Jacobi-conditioned conjugate gradient for 3D finite element analysis显示文摘 | Liu Yaoru Zhou Weiyuan Yang Qiang | 2007 | Finite Elements in Analysis and Design2007，43，6： | 1 |
| 14 | On monolithic stability and reinforcement analysis of high arch dams显示文摘Monolithic stability safety and reinforcement based on monolithic stability are very important for arch dam design. In this paper, the issue is addressed based on deformation reinforcement theory. In this approach, plastic complementary energy norm can be taken as safety index for monolithic stability. According to deformation reinforcement theory, the areas where unbalanced force exists require reinforcement, and the required reinforcement forces are just the unbalanced forces with opposite direction. Results show that areas with unbalanced force mainly concentrate in dam-toes, dam-heels and faults. | YANG Qiang CHEN YingRu LIU YaoRu | 2007 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2007，50，z1： | 1 |
| 15 | Object-based visual attention for computer vision显示文摘 | Yaoru Sun Robert Fisher | 2003 | Artificial Intelligence2003，146，： | 1 |
| 16 | Object-based visual attention for computer vision显示文摘 | SUN Yaoru ROBERT F | 2003 | Artificial Intelligence2003，146，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Object-based visual attention for computer vision显示文摘 | Yaoru S Fisher R | 2003 | Artificial Intelligence2003，146，1： | 1 |
| 18 | A computer vision model for visual-object-based attention and eye movements显示文摘 | Yaoru S Fisher R Fang W | 2008 | Computer Vision and Image Understanding2008，112，： | 1 |
| 19 | Stability analysis of soil slope based on deformation reinforce- ment theory 显示文摘 | Liu Yaoru Wang Chuanqi Yang Qiang | 2012 | Finite Elements in Analysis and Design2012，58，： | 1 |
| 20 | Structure of peer-to-peer social networks 显示文摘 | WANG Fang Moreno Y SUN Yaoru | 2006 | Physical Review E2006，73，036123： | 1 |
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