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| 1 | Energy balance closure at ChinaFLUX sites显示文摘Network of eddy covariance observation is measuring long-term carbon and water fluxes in contrasting ecosystems and climates. As one important reference of independently evaluating scalar flux estimates from eddy covariance, energy balance closure is used widely in study of carbon and water fluxes. Energy balance closure in ChinaFLUX was evaluated by statistical regression of turbulent energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat) against available energy (net radiation, soil heat flux, canopy heat storage) and the energy balance ratio (EBR) and the frequency distribution of relative errors of energy balance (δ). The trends of diurnal and seasonal variation of energy balance in ChinaFLUX were analyzed. The results indicated that the imbalance was prevalent in all observation sites, but there were little differences among sites because of the properties variation of sites. The imbalance was greater during nocturnal periods than daytime and closure was improved with friction velocity intensifying. Generally the results suggested that estimates of the scalar turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat were underestimated and/or that available energy was overestimated. Finally, we discussed certain factors that are contributed to the imbalance of energy, such as systematic errors associated with the sampling mismatch, systematic instrument bias, neglected energy sinks, low and high frequency loss of turbulent fluxes and advection of heat and water vapor. | LI Zhengquan, YU Guirui, WEN Xuefa, ZHANG Leiming, REN Chuanyou & FU Yuling Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Synthesis Research Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 50 |
| 2 | Comparative study of the net exchange of CO_(2) in 3 types of vegetation ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Using the eddy covariance method,from 1 July2003 to 30 June 2004, we conducted the observation andanalysis of ecosystem CO2 flux in 3 types of alpine meadowvegetation (Kobresia humilis, Potentilla fruticosa shrub andKobresia tibetica swamp meadows) on the Qinghai-TibetanPlateau. The results show that the Kobresia humilis meadow,the shrub meadow and the swamp meadow’s highest CO2uptake rates are 16.78, 10.42 and 16.57 μmol·m?2·s?1respectively, while their highest CO2 release rates are 8.22,7.73 and 18.67 μmol·m?2·s?1 respectively. The Kobresiahumilis meadow and shrub meadow’s annual atmosphericuptakes are 282 g CO2/m2 and 53 g CO2/m2, respectively,while swamp meadow’s annual atmospheric release is 478 gCO2/m2. This proves that the Kobresia humilis meadow andthe shrub meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau haverelatively low potential for CO2 uptake and release comparedto C4 grasslands, a number of lowland grasslands, andforests. Moreover, swamp meadow has relatively high releasepotential. This, in turn, reveals clear differences in carbonsource/sink between different types of vegetation in theQinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem. Thesedifferences are mainly brought by differences in thevegetations’ photosynthetic capacity and soil respiration. | ZHAO Liang LI Yingnian ZHAO Xinquan XU Shixiao TANG Yanhong YU Guirui GU Song DU Mingyuan WANG Qinxue | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，16： | 34 |
| 3 | Altered trends in carbon uptake in China’s terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus显示文摘The carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems in China are strongly coupled with climate changes.Over the past decade,China has experienced dramatic climate changes characterized by enhanced summer monsoon and decelerated warming.However,the changes in the trends of terrestrial net ecosystem production(NEP)in China under climate changes are not well documented.Here,we used three ecosystem models to simulate the spatiotemporal variations in China's NEP during 1982–2010 and quantify the contribution of the strengthened summer monsoon and warming hiatus to the NEP variations in four distinct climatic regions of the country.Our results revealed a decadal-scale shift in NEP from a downtrend of–5.95 Tg C/yr^2(reduced sink)during 1982–2000 to an uptrend of 14.22 Tg C/yr^2(enhanced sink)during 2000–10.This shift was essentially induced by the strengthened summer monsoon,which stimulated carbon uptake,and the warming hiatus,which lessened the decrease in the NEP trend.Compared to the contribution of 56.3%by the climate effect,atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen deposition had relatively small contributions(8.6 and 11.3%,respectively)to the shift.In conclusion,within the context of the global-warming hiatus,the strengthening of the summer monsoon is a critical climate factor that enhances carbon uptake in China due to the asymmetric response of photosynthesis and respiration.Our study not only revealed the shift in ecosystem carbon sequestration in China in recent decades,but also provides some insight for understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics in other monsoonal areas. | Honglin He Shaoqiang Wang Li Zhang Junbang Wang Xiaoli Ren Lei Zhou Shilong Piao Hao Yan Weimin Ju Fengxue Gu Shiyong Yu Yuanhe Yang Miaomiao Wang Zhongen Niu Rcmg Ge Huimin Yan Mei Huang Guoyi Zhou Yongfei Bai Zongqiang Xie Zhiyao Tang Bingfang Wu Leiming Zhang Nianpeng He Qiufeng Wang Guirui Yu | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 24 |
| 4 | Establishment of apparent quantum yield and maximum ecosystem assimilation on Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem显示文摘The alpine meadow is widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau with an area of about 1.2×106kn2. Damxung County, located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, is the place covered with this typical vegetation. An open-path eddy covariance system was set up in Damxung rangeland station to measure the carbon flux of alpine meadow from July to October,2003. The continuous carbon flux data were used to analyze the relationship between net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), as well as the seasonal patterns of apparent quantum yield (α) and maximum ecosystem assimilation (Pmax).Results showed that the daytime NEE fitted fairly well with the PAR in a rectangular hyperbola function, with α declining in the order of peak growth period (0.0244 μmolCO2 · μmol-1pAR) >early growth period > seed maturing period > withering period (0.0098 μmolCO2 · μmol-1pAR).The Pmax did not change greatly during the first three periods, with an average of 0.433mgCO2· m-2· s-1, i.e. 9.829 μmolCO2· m-2· s-1. However, during the withering period, Pmax was only 0.35 mgCO2 · m-2 · s-1, i.e. 7.945 μmolCO2 · m-2 · s-1. Compared with other grassland ecosystems, the α of the Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem was much lower. | XU Lingling, ZHANG Xianzhou, SHI Peili & YU Guirui Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Acedemy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 23 |
| 5 | Spatiotemporal dynamics of aboveground primary productivity along a precipitation gradient in Chinese temperate grassland显示文摘Investigating the spatial and temporal variance in productivity along natural precipitation gradients is one of the most efficient approaches to improve understanding of how ecosystems respond to climate change. In this paper, by using the natural precipitation gradient of the Inner Mongolian Plateau from east to west determined by relatively long-term observations, we analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamics of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of the temperate grasslands covering this region. Across this grassland transect, ANPP increased exponentially with the increase of mean annual precipitation (MAP) (ANPP=24.47e0.005MAP, R2=0.48). Values for the three vegetation types desert steppe, typical steppe, and meadow steppe were: 60.86 gm-2a-1, 167.14 gm-2a-1 and 288.73 gm-2a-1 respectively. By contrast, temperature had negative effects on ANPP. The moisture index (K ), which takes into ac- count both precipitation and temperature could explain the spatial variance of ANPP better than MAP alone (ANPP=2020.34K1.24, R2=0.57). Temporally, we found that the inter-annual variation in ANPP (cal- culated as the coefficient of variation, CV) got greater with the increase of aridity. However, this trend was not correlated with the inter-annual variation of precipitation. For all of the three vegetation types, ANPP had greater inter-annual variation than annual precipitation (PPT). Their difference (ANPP CV/PPT CV) was greatest in desert steppe and least in meadow steppe. Our results suggest that in more arid regions, grasslands not only have lower productivity, but also higher inter-annual variation of production. Climate change may have significant effects on the productivity through changes in precipitation pattern, vegetation growth potential, and species diversity. | HU ZhongMin FAN JiangWen ZHONG HuaPing YU GuiRui | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，5： | 23 |
| 6 | Climate and litter C/N ratio constrain soil organic carbon accumulation显示文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC) plays critical roles in stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the mechanistic controls on the amount and distribution of SOC on global scales are not well understood. In turn, this has hampered the ability to model global C budgets and to find measures to mitigate climate change. Here, based on the data from a large field survey campaign with 2600 plots across China’s forest ecosystems and a global collection of published data from forested land, we find that a low litter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio(C/N) and high wetness index(P/PET, precipitation-to-potentialevapotranspiration ratio) are the two factors that promote SOC accumulation, with only minor contributions of litter quantity and soil texture. The field survey data demonstrated that high plant diversity decreased litter C/N and thus indirectly promoted SOC accumulation by increasing the litter quality. We conclude that any changes in plant-community composition, plant-species richness and environmental factors that can reduce the litter C/N ratio, or climatic changes that increase wetness index, may promote SOC accumulation. The study provides a guideline for modeling the carbon cycle of various ecosystem scales and formulates the principle for land-based actions for mitigating the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. | Guoyi Zhou Shan Xu Philippe Ciais Stefano Manzoni Jingyun Fang Guirui Yu Xuli Tang Ping Zhou Wantong Wang Junhua Yan Gengxu Wang Keping Ma Shenggong Li Sheng Du Shijie Han Youxin Ma Deqiang Zhang Juxiu Liu Shizhong Liu Guowei Chu Qianmei Zhang Yuelin Li Wenjuan Huang Hai Ren Xiankai Lu Xiuzhi Chen | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，4： | 21 |
| 7 | Patterns and driving factors of WUE and NUE in natural forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of Eastern China显示文摘从 2008 年 7 月,到 2008 年 8 月,从 22 种类的 72 件叶样品和在九天赋的 81 件土壤样品,森林生态系统对沿着东方中国(NSTEC ) 的纵贯的横断的南方镇定,从北方。把样品基于这些,我们学习了蔬菜水使用效率(WUE ) 和氮使用效率(NUE ) 的地理分发模式,并且分析了他们与环境因素的关系。蔬菜 WUE 和 NUE 分别地通过叶的 13C 的测量和占优势的种类的 C/N 被计算。结果出现了:(1 ) 蔬菜 WUE,从 2.13 ~ 28.67 mg C g1 H2O ,当蔬菜 NUE 显示出一个相反的趋势时,沿着 NSTEC 在代表性的森林生态系统从南方线性地增加了到北方,从北方增加到南方,从 12.92 ~ 29.60 g C g1 N 。(2 ) 蔬菜 WUE 和 NUE 被气候主导地驾驶并且显著地由土壤营养素因素影响。基于集中为 WUE 的 75.5% 变化正在回答的多重逐步的回归分析,吝啬的年度温度,土壤磷集中,和土壤氮(p < 0.001 ) 。当时,吝啬的年度降水和土壤磷集中能在蔬菜 NUE 解释 65.7% 变化(p < 0.001 ) 。而且,蔬菜 WUE 和 NUE 将被大气的氮免职严重也在氮影响浸透的生态系统。(3 ) 在沿着 NSTEC 的典型森林生态系统在蔬菜 WUE 和 NUE 之间有一种重要交易关系(p < 0.001 ) ,沿着 NSTEC 在自然森林生态系统在资源利用为植被显示平衡策略。这研究建议那个全球变化将影响森林生态系统的资源使用效率。然而,当减少时,植被能由增加缺乏资源的使用效率适应那些变化相对宽大的。但是极端影响例如重氮免职,将打破这交易机制并且把戏剧的骚乱给生态系统 biogeochemical 周期。 | SHENG Wenping REN Shujie YU Guirui FANG Huajun JIANG Chunming ZHANG Mi | 2011 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2011，21，4： | 19 |
| 8 | Land-use impact on soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in typical steppe ecosystems, Inner Mongolia显示文摘在内部蒙古的草地为土壤碳(C) 隐遁探索最佳的陆地使用,我们在使遭到了到不同陆地使用类型的 8 个花地并且地形的类似的地点在土壤和土壤部分调查了 C 和氮(N) 存储(免费放牧的、放牧排除,刈草,放牧的冬季,和开垦) 。与免费放牧的草地相比,在 0-50 厘米层的 C 和 N 存储增加了18.3%( 15.5 Mg C ha1 )并且9.3%( 0.8 Mg N ha1 )在以后擦伤排除10年,分别地并且21.9%( 18.5 Mg C ha1 )并且11.5%( 0.9 Mg N ha1 )在30年的放牧排除以后分别地。同样,玷污 15.3% 增加的 C 和 N 存储(12.9 Mg C ha1 ) 并且 10.2%(0.8 Mg N ha1 ) 在 10 年的刈草以后,分别地并且 19.2%(16.2 Mg C ha1 ) 并且 7.1%(0.6 Mg N ha1 ) 在分别地的 26 年的刈草以后。相反,土壤 C 和 N 存储在 10.6% 衰退了(9.0 Mg C ha1 ) 并且 11.4%(0.9 Mg N ha1 ) 在 49 年的开垦以后分别地。而且, C 和 N 存储的增加主要与擦伤排除并且刈草在 0-10 厘米土壤层发生在沙和淤泥部分。我们的调查结果提供了内部蒙古的草地有能力扣押的证据在有改进管理的土壤的 C 和 N 练习,它在顺序:放牧排除 > 刈草 > 冬季放牧 > 开垦。 | HE Nianpeng ZHANG Yunhai DAI Jingzhong HAN Xingguo BAOYIN Taogetao YU Guirui | 2012 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2012，22，5： | 19 |
| 9 | Multi-scale observation and cross-scale mechanistic modeling on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle显示文摘To predict global climate change and to implement the Kyoto Protocol for stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations require quantifying spatio-temporal variations in the terrestrial carbon sink accurately. During the past decade multi-scale ecological experiment and observation networks have been established using various new technologies (e.g. controlled environmental facilities, eddy covariance techniques and quantitative remote sensing), and have obtained a large amount of data about terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. However, uncertainties in the magnitude and spatio-temporal variations of the terrestrial carbon sink and in understanding the underlying mechanisms have not been reduced significantly. One of the major reasons is that the observations and experiments were conducted at individual scales independently, but it is the interactions of factors and processes at different scales that determine the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon sink. Since experiments and observations are always conducted at specific scales, to understand cross-scale interactions requires mechanistic analysis that is best to be achieved by mechanistic modeling. However, mechanistic ecosystem models are mainly based on data from single-scale experiments and observations and hence have no capacity to simulate mechanistic cross-scale interconnection and interactions of ecosystem processes. New-generation mechanistic ecosystem models based on new ecological theoretical framework are needed to quantify the mechanisms from micro-level fast eco-physiological responses to macro-level slow acclimation in the pattern and structure in disturbed ecosystems. Multi-scale data-model fusion is a recently emerging approach to assimilate multi-scale observational data into mechanistic, dynamic modeling, in which the structure and parameters of mechanistic models for simulating cross-scale interactions are optimized using multi-scale observational data. The models are validated and evaluated at different spatial and temporal scales and real-time observational data are assimilated continuously into dynamic modeling for predicting and forecasting ecosystem changes realistically. in summary, a breakthrough in terrestrial carbon sink research requires using approaches of multi-scale observations and cross-scale modeling to understand and quantify interconnections and interactions among ecosystem processes at different scales and their controls over ecosystem carbon cycle. | CAO Mingkui YU Guirui LIU Jiyuan LI Kerang | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 17 |
| 10 | Advances in carbon flux observation and research in Asia显示文摘As an important component of FLUXNET, Asia is increasingly becoming the hotspot in global carbon research for its vast territory, complex climate type and vegetation diversity. The present three regional flux observation networks in Asia (i.e. AsiaFlux, KoFlux and ChinaFLUX)have 54 flux observation sites altogether, covering tropic rainforest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest, shrubland, grassland, alpine meadow and cropland ecosystems with a latitudinal distribution from 2°N to 63°N. Long-term and continuous fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere are mainly measured with eddy covariance technique to (1) quantify and compare the carbon, water and energy budgets across diverse ecosystems; (2) quantify the environmental and biotic controlling mechanism on ecosystem carbon, water and energy fluxes; (3) validate the soil-vegetation-atmosphere model; and (4) serve the integrated study of terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycle. Over the last decades, great advancements have been made in the theory and technology of flux measurement, ecosystem flux patterns, simulation and scale conversion by Asian flux community. The establishment of ChinaFLUX has greatly filled the gap of flux observation and research in Eurasia. To further promote the flux measurement and research,accelerate data sharing and improve the data quality, it is necessary to present a methodological system of flux estimation and evaluation over complex terrain and to develop the integrated research that combines the flux measurement, stable isotope measurement, remote sensing observation and GIS technique. It also requires the establishment of the Joint Committee of Asian Flux Network in the Asia-Pacific region in order to promote the cooperation and communication of ideas and data by supporting project scientists, workshops and visiting scientists. | YU Guirui, ZHANG Leiming, SUN Xiaomin, FU Yuling & LI Zhengquan Synthesis Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 16 |
| 11 | Meteorological control on CO_2 flux above broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountains显示文摘The impacts of temperature, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on CO2 flux above broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains were studied based on eddy covariance and meteorological factors measurements.The results showed that, daytime CO2 flux was mainly controlled by PAR and they fit Michaelis-Menten equation. Meanwhile VPD also had an influence on the daytime flux. Drier air reduced the CO2 assimilation of the ecosystem, the drier the air, the more the reduction of the assimilation. And the forest was more sensitive to VPD in June than that in July and August. The respiration of the ecosystem was mainly controlled by soil temperature and they fit exponential equation. It was found that this relationship was also correlated with seasons; respiration from April to July was higher than that from August to November under the same temperature. Daily net carbon exchange of the ecosystem and the daily mean air temperature fit exponential equation. It was also found that seasonal trend of net carbon exchange was the result of comprehensive impacts of temperature and PAR and so on. These resulted in the biggest CO2 uptake in June and those in July and August were next. Annual carbon uptake of the forest ecosystem in 2003 was -184 gC. m-2. | GUAN Dexin, WU Jiabing, YU Guirui, SUN Xiaomin, ZHAO Xiaosong, HAN Shijie & JIN Changjie Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 15 |
| 12 | Turbulence flux measurement above the overstory of a subtropical Pinus plantation over the hilly region in southeastern China显示文摘Continuous turbulence flux measurement using the eddy covariance (EC) technique was made from January 1 to December 31 in 2003 at two and three canopy heights of a subtropical Pinus plantation on the red earth hilly region in southeastern China. To be able to make sure that the measured turbulence flux will equal the net ecosystem/atmosphere exchange, the quality of the data has to be assessed. Three criteria were investigated here, including the power spectra and cospectra analyses, flux variance similarity (integral turbulence test) and energy balance closure. The spectral analyses suggested that above-canopy power spectral slopes for all velocity components and scalars such as CO2, H2O and air temperature followed the expected -2/3 power law in the inertial subrange, and their cospectral slopes were close to -4/3 power law in the inertial subrange. The important contribution of large-scale motions to energy and mass transfer above the canopy at higher measurement level was also confirmed by the spectral analyses. The eddy covariance systems have the ability to resolve fluctuations associated with small-scale eddies and did not induce an obvious underestimation of the measured turbulence flux. The Monin-Obukhov similarity functions for the normalized standard deviation of vertical wind speed and air temperature were well-defined functions of atmospheric stability at two heights above the forest canopy, which indicated that turbulence flux measurements made at two heights were within the surface layer. Nocturnal flux underestimation and departures of this normalized standard deviation of vertical wind speed similarity function from that expected from Monin-Obukhov theory were a function of friction velocity. Thus, an optimal criterion of friction velocity was determined to be greater than 0.2-0.3 m s-1 for nocturnal fluxes so that the eddy covariance flux measurement was under high turbulent mixing conditions. Energy balance closure reached about 72%-81% at the studied site, which was comparable to the 10%-30% of energy imbalance reported in the literature. However, the energy balance closure could be only used as a useful reference criterion. | WEN Xuefa, YU Guirui, SUN Xiaomin & LIU Yunfen Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Synthesis Research Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 14 |
| 13 | Modeling gross primary production of a temperate grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China, using MODIS imagery and climate data显示文摘Carbon fluxes in temperate grassland ecosystems are characterized by large inter-annual variations due to fluctuations in precipitation and land water availability. Since an eddy flux tower has been in operation in the Xilin Gol grassland, which belongs to typical temperate grassland in North China, in this study, observed eddy covariance flux data were used to critically evaluate the biophysical per- formance of different remote sensing vegetation indices in relation to carbon fluxes. Furthermore, vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) was introduced to estimate gross primary production (GPP) of the grassland ecosystem for assessing its dependability. As defined by the input variables of VPM, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradimeter (MODIS) and standard data product MOD09A1 were downloaded for calculating enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI). Measured air temperature (Ta) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data were also included for model simulating. Field CO2 flux data, during the period from May, 2003 to September, 2005, were used to estimate the 'observed' GPP (GPPobs) for validation. The seasonal dynamics of GPP predicted from VPM (GPPVPM) was compared quite well (R2=0.903, N=111, p<0.0001) with the observed GPP. The ag- gregate GPPVPM for the study period was 641.5 g C·m?2, representing a ~6% over-estimation, compared with GPPobs. Additionally, GPP predicted from other two typical production efficiency model (PEM) represents either higher overestimation or lower underestimation to GPPobs. Results of this study demonstrate that VPM has potential for estimating site-level or regional grassland GPP, and might be an effective tool for scaling-up carbon fluxes. | WU WeiXing WANG ShaoQiang XIAO XiangMing YU GuiRui FU YuLing HAO YanBin | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，10： | 13 |
| 14 | Seasonal patterns and environmental control of ecosystem respiration in subtropical and temperate forests in China显示文摘Continuous measurement of carbon dioxide exchange using the eddy covariance (EC) technique was made at two ChinaFLUX forest sites including the young subtropical Pinus plantation (Qianyanzhou) and old temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest (Changbai Mountains) as part of the ChinaFLUX network. Seasonal patterns and environmental control of ecosystem respiration in the subtropical and temperate forests were evaluated by the often-used multiplicative model and Q10 model as a function of temperature and soil water content. The resuits suggested that ( i ) temperature was found to be a dominant factor in the ecosystem respiration, and most of the temporal variability of ecosystem respiration was explained by temperature. However, in the drought-stressed ecosystem, soil water content controlled the temporal variability of ecosystem respiration other than temperature effects, and soil water content became a dominat factor when severe drought affected the ecosystem respiration; (ii) the regression models analysis revealed that in the drier soil, ecosystem respiration was more sensitive to soil moisture than was expressed by the often-used multiplicative model. It was possible to accurately estimate the seasonal variation of ecosystem respiration based on the Q10 model; and (iii)annual ecosystem respiration derived from the often-used multiplicative model was 1209 g C m-2and 1303 g C m-2, and was consistently a little higher than the Q10 model estimates of 1197 g C m-2 and 1268 g C m-2 for Qianyanzhou and Changbai Mountains, respectively. | YU Guirui, WEN Xuefa, LI Qingkang, ZHANG Leiming, REN Chuanyou, LIU Yunfen & GUAN Dexin Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Synthesis Research Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 13 |
| 15 | Seasonal variation of CO_2 flux and its environmental factors in evergreen coniferous plantation显示文摘The effects of environmental factors on carbon flux were analyzed, the spatial and temporal variation of carbon flux was studied at the two heights of 23 m and 39 m with the eddy covariance technique, and the carbon budget was evaluated for evergreen coniferous plantation in the red earth hilly area during the year 2003. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil temperature are essential factors strongly affecting the net ecosystem exchange (NEE); in the daytime, the response of NEE to PAR shows a rectangular hyperbola trend, and in the nighttime, the significant correlation was observed between soil temperature and soil respiration which was filtered using friction velocity. This ecosystem appeared as a carbon sink along the whole year of 2003, and the carbon flux showed the obvious seasonal fluctuation and diurnal variability. The seasonal peak of NEE occurred in May and June with the daily sum about 0.61-0.67 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1. For the severe drought in the mid-summer, the daily sum was 0.40-0.44 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1 in July which was only 2/3 of that in the last two months. For the lasted drought of the year, the nadir of NEE happened in the winder with the daily sum about -0.29 to -0.35 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1. The sink intensity of the ecosystem was about -0.553 to -0.645 kg · Cm-2 per year in 2003. | LIU Yunfen, SONG Xia, YU Guirui, SUN Xiaomin, WEN Xuefa & CHEN Yongrui Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 13 |
| 16 | Spatio-temporal variation of photosynthetically active radiation in China in recent 50 years显示文摘在中国上基于 weather/ecological 车站的长期的测量数据,计算并且生产每年平均、平均 seasonally 的光合地活跃的放射(同等) 的这份报纸从 1961 ~ 2007 的空间数据,用 climatological 计算和 spatialization 技术。在中国在上的每年平均、平均 seasonally 的同等空间数据的时间空间的变化特征最近 50 年与 Mann-Kendall 趋势分析方法和 GIS 被分析空间分析技术。结果显示出那:(1 ) 总体上,同等的空间分发越过中国复杂、不同类,与在中国的东方、南部的部分的更低的同等和在西方的部分的更高的同等。在中国上的吝啬的年度同等从 17.7 摩尔 m ? 2 d ? 1 ~ 39.5 摩尔 m ? 2 d ? 1。(2 ) 在中国上的每个象素的每年平均、平均 seasonally 的同等总体上被平均,平均数与变动进程显然珍视衰落,并且每年平均的同等的变化的率是 ? 0.138 摩尔 m ? 2 d ? 1/10a。在四个季节之中的变化振幅是不同的,与在里面的最大的落下夏天,和同等的下降速度在 1990 年代,速度在以后慢下来前是更快的。(3 ) 由每个象素的分析证明那同等显著地衰退(=0.05 ) 在中国的大多数部分。夏天和冬季在同等的 interannual 可变性起更重要的作用。诺思中国总是是在四个季节的一个减少的地区,当 Qinghai 西藏高原的西北转弯是在四个季节的一个增加的地区时。(4 ) 同等的 interannual 可变性的空间分布在不同时期之中变化。在某个区域的同等的 interannual 可变性不仅在四个季节之中,而且在不同时期之中是不同的。 | ZHU Xudong HE Honglin LIU Min YU Guirui SUN Xiaomin GAO Yanhua | 2010 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2010，20，6： | 12 |
| 17 | Human activities aggravate nitrogen-deposition pollution to inland water over China显示文摘In the past three decades, China has built more than 87 000 dams with a storage capacity of ≈6560 km3 and the total surface area of inland water has increased by 6672 km2. Leaching of N from fertilized soils to rivers is the main source of N pollution in China, but the exposure of a growing inland water area to direct atmospheric N deposition and N leaching caused by N deposition on the terrestrial ecosystem, together with increased N deposition and decreased N flow, also tends to raise N concentrations in most inland waters. The contribution of this previously ignored source of N deposition to freshwaters is estimated in this study, as well as mitigation strategies. The results show that the annual amounts of N depositions ranged from 4.9 to 16.6 kg · ha-1· yr-1 in the 1990 s to exceeding 20 kg · ha-1· yr-1 in the 2010 s over most of regions in China, so the total mass of N(the net contribution of N deposition to the increase in N concentration) for lakes, rivers and reservoirs change from 122.26 Gg N · yr-1 in the 1990 s to 237.75 Gg N· yr-1 in the 2010 s. It is suggested that reducing the N deposition from various sources, shortening the water-retention time in dams and decreasing the degree of regulation for rivers are three main measures for preventing a continuous increase in the N-deposition pollution to inland water in China. | Yang Gao Feng Zhou Philippe Ciais Chiyuan Miao Tao Yang Yanlong Jia Xudong Zhou Butterbach-Bahl Klaus Tiantian Yang Guirui Yu | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，2： | 10 |
| 18 | Short-term variations of vapor isotope ratios re- veal the influence of atmospheric processes显示文摘大气的水蒸汽的稳定的同位素在空气在水运动和阶段变化上揭示富有的信息。这里,我们介绍了 D 的二将近连续的时间系列和测量在的大气的水蒸汽(v ) 的 18O 时时,在表面的间隔在在原处使用测量的 Shijiazhuang 在北京并且在一顶冬季小麦华盖上面通风技术。在降水事件期间,在北京和 Shijiazhuang 的 v 价值处于有降水水的平衡的状态,揭示降水过程的影响。然而,来自平衡状态的 v 离开断然与本地相对湿度被相关。注意 v 趋于在北京充实,但是在降水事件期间在 Shijiazhuang 弄空,它主要源于在 Shijiazhuang 充实 v 的蒸发过程的影响。在季节的时间规模上, v 值是在北京和 Shijiazhuang 混合比率的水蒸汽的木头线性的函数。混合比率的水蒸汽是由瑞利蒸馏机制的 v 的一个优秀预言者,显示空气团移流能也起在决定 v 的一个重要作用。在上一日报时间规模, v 与边界层乘火车的大气的过程有关仔细在是的北京在早下午小时到达了最小。在种冬季小麦的季节的山峰期间,然而, v 在清早到达了最小,并且整个白天逐渐地增加了,并且在迟了的下午到达了最大值,它由在边界层乘火车和本地大气的过程之间的相互作用是负责的,例如蒸发和露水形成。这研究在决定表面 v 为植被的重要角色有含意并且加亮需要进行 v 测量在上短期(例如日报) 时间规模。 | ZHANG Shichun SUN Xiaomin WANG Jianlin YU Guirui WEN Xuefa | 2011 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2011，21，3： | 10 |
| 19 | Nitrogen Deposition and Its Spatial Pattern in Main Forest Ecosystems along North-South Transect of Eastern China显示文摘A continuous three-year observation(from May 2008 to April 2011)was conducted to characterize the spatial variation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)deposition at eight main forest ecosystems along the north-south transect of eastern China(NSTEC).The results show that both throughfall DIN deposition and bulk DIN deposition increase from north to south along the NSTEC.Throughfall DIN deposition varies greatly from 2.7 kg N/(ha·yr)to 33.0 kg N/(ha·yr),with an average of 10.6 kg N/(ha·yr),and bulk DIN deposition ranges from 4.1 kg N/(ha·yr)to 25.4 kg N/(ha·yr),with an average of 9.8 kg N/(ha·yr).NH4+-N is the dominant form of DIN deposition at most sampling sites.Additionally,the spatial variation of DIN deposition is controlled mainly by precipitation.Moreover,in the northern part of the NSTEC,bulk DIN deposition is 17%higher than throughfall DIN deposition,whereas the trend is opposite in the southern part of the NSTEC.The results demonstrate that DIN deposition would likely threaten the forest ecosystems along the NSTEC,compared with the critical loads(CL)of N deposition,and DIN deposition in this region is mostly controlled by agricultural activities rather than industrial activities or transportation. | ZHAN Xiaoyun YU Guirui HE Nianpeng FANG Huajun JIA Bingrui ZHOU Mei WANG Chuankuan ZHANG Junhui ZHAO Guangdong WANG Silong LIU Yunfen YAN Junhua | 2014 | Chinese Geographical Science2014，24，2： | 10 |
| 20 | Spatio-temporal patterns of forest carbon dioxide exchange based on global eddy covariance measurements显示文摘Spatio-temporal patterns and driving mechanisms of forest carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange are the key issues on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycles, which are the basis for developing and validating ecosystem carbon cycle models, assessing and predicting the role of forests in global carbon balance. Eddy covariance (EC) technique, an important method for measuring energy and material exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, has made a great contribution to understanding CO2 exchanges in the biosphere during the past decade. Here, we synthesized published EC flux measurements at various forest sites in the global network of eddy flux tower sites (FLUXNET) and regional flux networks. Our objective was to explore spatio-temporal patterns and driving factors on forest carbon fluxes, i.e. net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross primary productivity (GPP) and total ecosystem respiration (TER). Globally, forest NEP exhibited a significant latitudinal pattern jointly controlled by GPP and TER. The NEP decreased in an order of warm temperate forest > cold temperate and tropical rain forests > boreal and subalpine forests. Mean annual temperature (MAT) made a greater contribution to forest carbon fluxes than sum of annual precipitation (SAP). As MAT increased, the GPP increased linearly, whereas the TER increased exponentially, resulting in the NEP decreasing beyond an MAT threshold of 20°C. The GPP, TER and NEP varied substantially when the SAP was less than 1500 mm, but tended to increase with increasing SAP. Temporal dynamics in forest carbon fluxes and determinants depended upon time scales. NEP showed a significant interannual variability mainly driven by climate fluctuations and different responses of the GPP and TER to environmental forcing. In a longer term, forest carbon fluxes had a significant age effect. The ecosystem was a net carbon source right after clearcutting, gradually switched to a net carbon sink when the relative stand age (i.e. ratio of actual stand age to the stand rotation age) approached 0.3, and maximized carbon sequestration capacity at premature or mature stand stages. This temporal pattern of NEP was correlated with stand leaf area index and associated GPP. This study highlights the significance of spatio-temporal dynamics in the CO2 exchange in forest carbon cycling studies. It is also suggested that in addition to forest biomes, interannual variations and stand age effects of forest carbon fluxes should be considered in the global carbon balance. | XingChang Wang ChuanKuan Wang GuiRui Yu | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，8： | 8 |
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