|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 华南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色岩系时空展布的主控因素及其启示显示文摘在回顾五峰组-龙马溪组两个地层单位沿革并重申其定义与划分基础上,重建了华南五峰组-龙马溪组及其相关地层序列的区域地层框架.根据这一框架中奥陶-志留纪黑色笔石岩系的穿时性、以及相关地层序列纵向演化特征与岩石圈板块挠曲模式的联系,结合所发现钾质斑脱岩源岩的板块汇聚背景,以及该阶段海平面升降与黑色岩系对应关系,提出控制该阶段华南黑色岩系的时空展布格局的主要因素有两个,即该阶段自南东向北西的华夏地块与扬子地块幕式汇聚过程所产生的岩石圈板块挠曲-周缘前陆盆地的同向迁移,以及该阶段两次全球性的三级海平面变化快速上升阶段所导致的缺氧及欠补偿水体.本文认为,要在华南奥陶-志留纪(包括其他断代)寻找其他可能的烃源岩层位,可能要首先考虑类似背景下这两种因素综合作用所导致的快速沉降及深水缺氧的沉积环境. | 苏文博 李志明 Frank R.Ettensohn Markes E.Johnson Warren D.Huff 王巍 马超 李录 张磊 赵慧静 | 2007 | 地球科学(中国地质大学学报)2007，32，6： | 109 |
| 2 | 护士工作中针刺伤现状及预防对策显示文摘目的 对临床护士针刺伤现状进行描述。 方法 采用问卷法对 44 1名临床护士进行现况调查 ,收集有关污染锐器处理情况、针刺伤发生率、与针刺伤有关的操作、针刺伤意外后的处理及心理反应。 结果 82 %的护士在过去的 1年发生过针刺伤 ,与针刺伤有关的操作有套针帽、分离针头、处理针头等。护士在发生针刺伤后采取的主要措施是消毒伤口和挤压伤口 ,5 2 .4%的护士在发生针刺伤后感到害怕。 结论 临床护士针刺伤发生率高 ,污染锐器处理不安全。医院管理部门应加强医护人员职业防护培训 ,规范医疗废物的处理等方面减低医护人员针刺伤 。 | 王红红 杨敏 何国平 Warren Phipps Ann B. Williams | 2002 | 实用预防医学2002，9，6： | 162 |
| 3 | 中-新元古界标准剖面蓟县系首获高精度年龄制约——蓟县剖面雾迷山组和铁岭组斑脱岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年研究显示文摘近期在蓟县中-新元古界标准剖面铁岭组和雾迷山组首次发现斑脱岩、并测得其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄为~1440Ma(1439±14Ma)和~1485Ma(1483±13Ma和1487±16Ma),这标志着这条传统的标准剖面上以碳酸盐岩为主体的蓟县系上部的两个重要组,从此也获得了直接的、高精度的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄约束。这是华北中-新元古界标准剖面蓟县系相关地层单位首次获得直接而精确的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄约束,也是在整个华北北缘燕山地区雾迷山组内部首次获得精确的直接定年。这一进展为闻名中外的天津蓟县剖面中-新元古界年代地层格架的正确厘定、以及今后继续作为华北该阶段的标准剖面,并与国内外其他地区相关地层的正确对比等,提供了新的、精确的年代学"锚点",因而具有重要的科学和实际意义。 | 李怀坤 苏文博 周红英 相振群 田辉 杨立公 Warren D HUFF Frank R ETTENSOHN | 2014 | 岩石学报2014，30，10： | 68 |
| 4 | Nitric oxide suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and protects against LPS-induced septic shock显示文摘Inflammasomes 是触发 caspase-1 的激活和 interleukin-1β 的成熟的多蛋白质建筑群;(IL-1β) ,然而,这些建筑群的规定仍然保持糟糕描绘了。这里,我们显示出那氮的氧化物(没有) 禁止了调停 NLRP3 的 ASC pyroptosome 形成, caspase-1 激活和 IL-1β在从老鼠和人的 myeloid 房间的分泌物。同时,内长不否定地也源于 iNOS (没有 synthase 的可诱导的形式) 调整 NLRP3 inflammasome 激活。iNOS 的弄空响应 LPS 和 ATP 导致了不正常的线粒体的增加的累积,它为增加的 IL-1β 负责;生产和 caspase-1 激活。没有生产的 iNOS 缺乏或药理学抑制在 vivo 提高了 NLRP3 依赖的 cytokine 生产,因此在老鼠从导致 LPS 的败血增加死亡,它被 NLRP3 阻止缺乏。我们的结果因此经由线粒体的稳定作为 NLRP3 inflammasome 的一个批评否定管理者不识别。这研究有重要含意让新策略的设计控制 NLRP3 相关的疾病。 | Kairui Mao Shuzhen Chen Mingkuan Chen Yonglei Ma Yan Wang Bo Huang Zhengyu He Yan Zeng Yu Htl Shuhui Sun Jing Li Xiaodong Wu Xiangrui Wang Warren Strober Chang Chen Guangxun Meng Bing Sun | 2013 | Cell Research2013，23，2： | 59 |
| 5 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 6 | Validation of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Normalization显示文摘The normalization of quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) is important to obtain accurate gene expression data. The most common method for qRT-PCR normalization is to use reference, or house- keeping genes. However, there is emerging evidence that even reference genes can be regulated under different conditions, qRT-PCR has only recently been used in terms of zebrafish gene expression studies and there is no validated set of reference genes. This study characterizes the expression of nine possible reference genes during zebrafish embryonic development and in a zebrafish tissue panel. All nine reference genes exhibited variable expression. The β-actin, EF1α and Rp113α genes comprise a validated reference gene panel for zebrafish developmental time course studies, and the EF1α, Rp113α and 18S rRNA genes are more suitable as a reference gene panel for zebrafish tissue analysis. Importantly, the zebrafish GAPDH gene appears unsuitable as reference gene for both types of studies. | Rongying TANG Andrew DODD Daniel LAI Warren C. MCNABB Donald R. LOVE | 2007 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2007，39，5： | 31 |
| 7 | 温带阔叶林中氮的保留机制 :“春坝”假设及研究实例(英文)显示文摘在过去的半个世纪中 ,森林生态系统物质能量流动模型的发展使得生态学者对矿物元素的来源、去处、转换速率及其干扰破坏的影响有了进一步的认识。其中“春坝”假设提出 :在早春来临之际 ,林冠树木仍处于冬眠之时 ,林下地被植物先于林冠树木发芽开花 ,吸收土壤养分于植物体内 ,使得养分免于因雨水或雪水而造成的淋失而得以保留于森林生态系统中。本文对“春坝”假设的研究作一小结。现有的研究结果显示 ,早春地被植物对土壤氮的吸收量因不同生态系统而异 ;而土壤微生物对氮的吸收量远高于过去人们所认识的水平。早春地被物与土壤微生物都能在季节的变化中吸收土壤养分、共同起着“春坝”作用。两者所起作用大小因气候及生态系统的不同而有所改变。 | Natthew WARREN 邹晓明 | 2003 | 植物生态学报2003，27，1： | 18 |
| 8 | 基于流行病学、空间、基因组学数据的中国上海内部人口流动与结核病传播动力学研究显示文摘中国国内人口大规模从农村向城市流动,为结核病控制工作带来了新的挑战。2018年7月的《The Lancet. Infectious diseases》刊载了一项研究,旨在将基因组数据、空间数据和流行病学数据结合起来,描述有大量流动人口的城市环境中结核病的传播动力学特征。研究者们针对上海松江地区的培养阳性结核分枝杆菌开展了一项基于人群的研究。采用全基因组测序法,对具有相同"数目可变串联重复序列(VNTR)"组合的结核分枝杆菌表观基因簇进行了区分,并分析了居住距离与基因学成簇的结合分枝杆菌感染风险之间的关系。 | Yang C Lu L Warren JL | 2018 | 疾病监测2018，33，8： | 17 |
| 9 | 天津蓟县铁岭组新剖面钾质斑脱岩锆石U-Pb测年及Hf同位素研究显示文摘天津蓟县西北的大喻山铁岭组剖面钾质斑脱岩夹层锆石U-Pb年龄(1439±14Ma)是约束'蓟县剖面'年代格架的重要锚点,但该剖面露头已遭到严重破坏。最近,笔者在蓟县东北、目前已禁止开采的大五尖采石场发现了铁岭组新剖面,并在其二段近底部再次确认多层钾质斑脱岩,测得其中两层LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄(1445±12Ma以及1442±10Ma);采自原大喻山剖面该组二段近底部斑脱岩夹层的样品,也获得其LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄(1439±11Ma)。以上三个年龄值在误差范围内一致,与之前在原大喻山剖面及河北平泉刘家沟剖面该组二段近底部斑脱岩夹层所获的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄(1439±14Ma及1437±21 Ma)也完全可比。与此同时,本文对以上3个样品锆石还开展了锆石原位Hf同位素研究。其结果显示,176Hf/177Hf值变化范围为0. 281703~0. 281880,εHf(t)=-6. 7^-0. 2,两阶段模式年龄为2200~2603Ma,高斯分布峰值为~2360Ma。这表明,铁岭组钾质斑脱岩的物源主要来自于新太古代-古元古代早期地壳物质的部分熔融。本研究为蓟县剖面乃至燕山地区铁岭组高精度年代约束及地层格架厘定等,提供了更多年代学佐证,进一步夯实了整个蓟县剖面作为华北克拉通中-新元古界标准剖面的科学性和代表性;同时,对华北中元古界钾质斑脱岩夹层的锆石首次开展Lu-Hf同位素研究,为探讨这一特殊类型沉积岩的源岩及相关研究提供了新思路;新发现剖面也为未来继续围绕铁岭组的各项研究,提供了一处露头良好、年代框架扎实可靠、可长期观测的新平台。 | 郭文琳 苏文博 张健 李惠民 周红英 李怀坤 Frank R ETTENSOHN Warren DHUFF | 2019 | 岩石学报2019，35，8： | 16 |
| 10 | 黄瓜苗期猝倒病生物防治显示文摘通过盆栽和田间小区试验,研究了生防菌对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防治效果。盆栽试验中,生防菌株CR56对甲霜灵高抗病原菌株Pythium ultimum ONCURO1和敏感菌株P.spinosum MP43419的防效分别为94.4%和51.4%;生防菌CUC8对两者防效分别为0.0%和61.9%;在供试的19株生防细菌中,有11株格兰氏阴性菌对ONCURO1的防效好于对MP43419,有5株格兰氏阳性菌对MP43419防效则好于对ONCURO1。田间小区试验中,生防菌株PEP66在浙大菜圃和弄口菜地对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防效分别为35.8%和18.5%,但R2在两地的防效分别为14.3%和84.4%。供试的11株生防菌中,有10株在弄口菜地对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防效优于在浙大菜圃。结果显示出生防菌的防效与供试土壤中病原种类和种群数量有密切的关系。 | 楼兵干 张炳欣 Maarten Ryder Rosemary Warren Paul Harvey | 2002 | 植物保护学报2002，29，2： | 15 |
| 11 | Remediation of saline–sodic soil with flue gas desulfurization gypsum in a reclaimed tidal flat of southeast China显示文摘Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization(FGD)-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River estuary.Exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP), exchangeable sodium(ExNa), p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral(7.0). The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na^+, HCO_3^-+ CO_3^(2-)and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca^(2+)and SO_4^(2-). Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising. | Yumei Mao Xiaping Li Warren A.Dick Liming Chen | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，7： | 14 |
| 12 | 导尿管与尿路感染显示文摘密闭性导尿系统(导尿管末端连接于有收集尿袋的导尿系统),使菌尿发生的时间从开放性导尿系统的4天推迟到30多天,但不能消除与导尿管有关的菌尿。长期在膀胱内的导尿管表面可有适合细菌生长的生物膜,尿路上皮细胞有大量细菌附着。导尿管可减弱中性白细胞的抗菌功能。细菌可经连接处进入导尿管系统并在其中繁殖,还可在导尿管——尿道粘膜之间的空隙进入。特别在女性。 | Warren J W 方友盛 | 1992 | 国外医学(护理学分册)1992，11，3： | 12 |
| 13 | Uterine Rbpj is required for embryonic-uterine orientation and decidual remodeling via Notch pathway-independent and -dependent mechanisms显示文摘协调的子宫胚胎的轴形成并且蜕膜的改变是哺乳动物的培植以后的胚胎开发的特点。胚胎子宫的取向在起始的培植被决定并且与蜕膜的开发同步。然而,控制这些事件的分子的机制留下尽管有它的发现逃犯很长时间以前。在现在的学习,我们发现了 Rbpj 的那子宫特定的删除,槽口发信号的原子变换器,在培植以后的阶段导致了反常胚胎子宫的取向和蜕膜的 patterning,导致实质的胚胎损失。我们进一步表明在胚胎附件以前, Rbpj 授与在时间上经由身体上与子宫的雌激素受体交往的子宫的腔形状转变(ERα) 以一种槽口小径无关的方式,它为在有子宫的轴的排列的胚胎取向的起始的建立是必要的。当时在培植以后的阶段, Rbpj 直接以一种槽口小径依赖者方式调整子宫的矩阵 metalloproteinase 的表示,它为正常被要求培植以后的蜕膜的改变。这些结果证明子宫的 Rbpj 为经由指示起始的胚胎子宫的取向并且以一种阶段特定的方式保证正常蜕膜的 patterning 的正常胚胎开发是必要的。我们的数据也证实正常哺乳动物的胚胎子宫的取向要求的概念合适的指导从发展地控制了子宫的发信号。 | Shuang Zhang Shuangbo Kong Bingyan Wang Xiaohong Cheng Yongjie Chen Weiwei Wu Qiang Wang Junchao Shi Ying Zhang Shumin Wang Jinhua Lu John P Lydon Francesco DeMayo Warren S Pear Hua Han Haiyan Lin Lei Li Hongmei Wang Yan-ling Wang Bing Li Qi Chen Enkui Duan Haibin Wang | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，8： | 12 |
| 14 | Bacterial vaginosis:a synthesis of the literature on etiology,prevalence,risk factors,and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections显示文摘Bacterial vaginosis(BV) is a common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. Since the initial work of Leopoldo in 1953 and Gardner and Dukes in 1955, researchers have not been able to identify the causative etiologic agent of BV. There is increasing evidence, however, that BV occurs when Lactobacillus spp., the predominant species in healthy vaginal flora, are replaced by anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardenella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, M. mulieris, other anaerobic bacteria and/or Mycoplasma hominis. Worldwide, it estimated that 20%–30% of women of reproductive age attending sexually transmitted infection(STI) clinics suffer from BV, and that its prevalence can be as high as 50%–60% in high-risk populations(e.g., those who practice commercial sex work(CSW). Epidemiological data show that women are more likely to report BV if they: 1) have had a higher number of lifetime sexual partners; 2) are unmarried; 3) have engaged in their first intercourse at a younger age; 4) have engaged in CSW, and 5) practice regular douching. In the past decade, several studies have provided evidence on the contribution of sexual activity to BV. However, it is difficult to state that BV is a STI without being able to identify the etiologic agent. BV has also emerged as a public health problem due to its association with other STIs, including: human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG). The most recent evidence on the association between BV and CT/NG infection comes from two secondary analyses of cohort data conducted among women attending STI clinics. Based on these studies, women with BV had a 1.8 and 1.9-fold increased risk for NG and CT infection, respectively. Taken together, BV is likely a risk factor or at least an important contributor to subsequent NG or CT infection in high-risk women. Additional research is required to determine whether this association is also present in other low-risk sexually active populations, such as among women in the US military. It is essential to conduct large scale cross-sectional or population-based case-control studies to investigate the role of BV as a risk factor for CT/NG infections. These studies could lead to the development of interventions aimed at reducing the burden associated with bacterial STIs worldwide. | Christian T.Bautista Eyako Wurapa Warren B.Sateren Sara Morris Bruce Hollingsworth Jose L.Sanchez | 2016 | Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)2016，31，2： | 11 |
| 15 | 中国及其他分布区域野生虎的系统地理学和遗传起源研究进展显示文摘世界野生虎(Pantheratigris)传统上被划分为8个亚种,其中3个亚种已于20世纪灭绝,而剩余种群的生存仍然受到偷猎、栖息地丧失和片断化的威胁。作为唯一栖息着4个现存虎亚种的国家,中国在世界虎的保护事业中负有重要责任,然而其野生和圈养虎的分类地位却仍然不确定。最近一项研究(Luoetal,2004)从所有现存野生虎分布地区(包括中国)采集了134份“基准样品”(即原产野外或有确定地域起源的个体生物样品),对虎的系统地理学、种群结构以及遗传起源进行了全面分析。所用的分子标记包括四千碱基对的线粒体DNA、30个核基因组微卫星位点,以及MHC-DRB基因。研究结果表明,虽然虎的整体遗传多态性较低,但是种群分化程度很高,它们被划分为6个,而不是5个现存亚种(1)西伯利亚虎(P.t.altaica);(2)苏门答腊虎(P.t.sumatrae);(3)孟加拉虎(P.t.tigris);(4)华南虎(P.t.amoyensis);(5)印支虎(P.t.corbetti);(6)新定义的亚种马来虎,暂命名为P.t.Jacksoni。由于所研究样本量有限,目前暂定的华南虎亚种还需进一步确定。现有华南虎圈养种群包括遗传关系相距较远的两支一支与印支虎(P.t.corbetti)无异;而另一支则与其他种群均相距甚远,可能代表了真正的华南虎(P.t.amoyensis)。利用分子生物学方法对中国动物园中圈养虎的遗传起源调查亟待进行,以确认该圈养种群整体的遗传独特性或者非独特性。换言之,这将是确认华南虎是否仍然存在的关键。 | 罗述金 Jae-heup Kim Warren E.Johnson Dale G.Miquelle 黄世强 潘文石 James L.D.Smith Stephen J.O'Brien | 2006 | Zoological Research2006，27，4： | 10 |
| 16 | 中国大陆斑岩铜矿资源潜力定量评价显示文摘应用美国'三部式'资源评价方法原理,对中国大陆斑岩铜矿成矿地质背景、时空分布规律、矿床模型等方面研究,圈出46个远景区;以中国1999年金属储量数据库和区划矿产地数据为基础,建立了铜矿数据库共984个,分不同类型进行品位吨位的研究,以此为基础构造出数字找矿模型和开发出矿产资源定量评价模型程序,并计算了每个远景区的概率资源量,为评估中国斑岩铜矿资源潜力提供了参照。 | 严光生 邱瑞照 连长云 Warren J.Nokleberg 曹黎 陈秀法 毛景文 肖克炎 李锦轶 肖庆辉 周肃 王明燕 刘大文 元春华 韩九曦 王靓靓 陈正 陈玉明 谢桂青 丁建华 | 2007 | 地学前缘2007，14，5： | 10 |
| 17 | Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases显示文摘 | Warren Strober Ivan J. Fuss | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，6： | 8 |
| 18 | Historical biogeography of Melicope (Rutaceae)and its close relatives with a special emphasis on Pacific dispersals显示文摘The genus Melicope (Rutaceae)occurs on most Pacific archipelagos and is perfectly suited to study Pacific biogeography.The main goal was to infer the age,geographic origin and colonization patterns of Melicope and its relatives.We sequenced three nuclear and two plastid markers for 332specimens that represent 164species in 16genera of Rutaceae.Phylogenetic reconstruction,molecular dating,ancestral area reconstruction and diversification analyses were carried out.The two main clades (Acronychia-Melicope and Euodia)originated in Australasia and their crown ages are dated to the Miocene.Diversification rates differed among the subclades and were lowest in the Euodia lineage and highest in the Hawaiian Melicope lineage.The Malagasy and Mascarene species form a clade,which split from its SE Asian relatives in the Pliocene/P[eistocene.At least eight colonizations to the Pacific islands occurred.The timing of all colonizations except for the Hawaiian group is congruent with age of the island ages.Australia,New Guinea and New Caledonia have been the source of colonizations into the Pacific islands in the Melicope clade.Melicope shows high dispersability and has colonized remote archipelagos such as the. Austral and Marquesas Islands each twice.Colonization of islands of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain likely predates the ages of the current main islands,and the initial colonization to Kaua'i occurred after the splitting of the Hawaiian.lineage into two subclades.Wider ecological niches and adaptations to bird-dispersal likely account for the much higher species richness in the Acronychia-Melicope clade compared to the Euodia clade. | Marc S.Appelhans Jun Wen Marco Duretto Darren Crayn Warren L.Wagner | 2018 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2018，56，6： | 8 |
| 19 | Origins of the Hawaiian flora:Phylogenies and biogeography reveal patterns of long-distance dispersal显示文摘Botanists have long considered the origins of the Hawaiian flora in terms of long-distance dispersal from particular source areas.We extensively reviewed phylogenetic studies of the Hawaiian angiosperm flora to determine the most likely region of origin for each lineage from a defined set of source areas.We also evaluated dispersal modes of each lineage to assess whether certain dispersal modes are associated with a given source area. The largest source category was Widespread (involving related taxa that extend across more than one region), although many of these comprised native non-endemic species,and accounted for little of the total species diversity (after accounting for in situ speciation).The next largest source regions were Indo-Malayan and Neotropical. Comparatively few lineages originated from the East Asian region,although these include the single largest lineage. Lineages originating in the Indo-Malayan region predominantly arrived via Pacific islands,whereas dispersal from all other regions appears to have been mostly direct.Compared with previous analyses,we found a higher proportion of lineages originating in the Neotropics and temperate North America.Widespread origins were positively associated with dispersal via flotation on water,whereas other origins were associated with dispersal by birds, either through internal transport or external adhesion.We identified thirty-one potential cases of dispersal out of Hawaii to other islands.Our assessment is complicated by lineages with ancient origins,with further complications likely stemming from hybridization events.Overall,numerous lineages including some distinctive endemic genera have not had sufficient phylogenetic study to determine an origin. | Jonathan P.Price Warren L.Wagner | 2018 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2018，56，6： | 8 |
| 20 | 全球慢性疾病流行和疾病管理方案国际拓展显示文摘从海啸、HIV/AIDS危机、战争的创伤和发展中国家的饥饿来看,全球的医院正在努力应付对其能力要求日益增长的需求。另一种全球性危机正迅速来临,世界卫生组织建议,慢性疾病可能成为“21世纪的流行病”。 | Warren E Todd | 2006 | 中国卫生产业2006，，7： | 8 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员