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| 1 | Isolation, screening and identifi cation of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial candidates for aflatoxin B_1 biodegradation显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by triplicate.Results: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1 in neither the supernatants nor digesta samples evaluated by highperformance liquid chromatography with l uorescence detection between positive control or DFM treated groups. Conclusions: In vitro digestion time was not enough to confirm biodegradation of AFB1. Further studies to evaluate the possible biodegradation ef ects of the BacillusDFM when continuously administered in experimentally contaminated feed with AFB1, are in progress. | Rosario Galarza-Seeber Juan David Latorre Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Amanda Drake Wolfenden Lisa Renee Bielke Anita Menconi Billy Marshall Hargis Guillermo Tellez | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2015，5，9： | 3 |
| 2 | Combined coronary artery bypass grafting and excision of adrenal pheochromocytoma显示文摘 | Seah PW Costa R Wolfenden H | 1995 | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg1995，110，2： | 1 |
| 3 | The depth of chemical time and the power of enzymes as catalysts显示文摘 | Wolfenden R Snider MJ | 2001 | Acc Chem Res2001，34，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Effect of a lactobacillus species-based probiotic and dietary lactose prebiotic on turkey poult performance with or without salmonella enteritidis challenge显示文摘 | Vicente J Wolfenden A Torres-Rodriguez A | 2007 | Journal of Applied Poultry Research2007，16，： | 1 |
| 5 | Evaluation of a lactobacillus-based probiotic culture for the reduction of salmonella enteritidis in neonatal broiler chicks显示文摘 | Higgins S E Higgins J P Wolfenden A D | 2008 | Poult Sci2008，87，： | 1 |
| 6 | Influence of twin-twin transfusion syndrome on fetal cardiovascular structure and function: prospective case-control study of 136 monochorianic twin pregnancies 显示文摘 | Karata AA Wolfenden JLTaylorMJ | 2002 | Heart2002，88，： | 1 |
| 7 | Prevalence of delirium with dexmedetomidine compared with morphine based therapy after cardiac surgery:a randomized controlled trial (DEXmedetomidine COmpared to Morphine-DEXCOM Study)显示文摘 | SHEHABI Y GRANT P WOLFENDEN H | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 8 | Prevalence of delirium with dexmedetomidine compared with morphine based therapy after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial (DEXmedetomidine COmpared to Morphine- DEXCOM Study) 显示文摘 | Shehabi Y Grant P Wolfenden H | 2009 | Anesthesiology2009，111，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of a lactobacillus species-based probiotic and dietary lactose prebiotic on turkey poult performance with or without salmonella enteritidis challenge显示文摘 | Vicente J Wolfenden A Torres-Rodriguez A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Compari- son of beak-trimming methods on early broiler breeder perfor- mance显示文摘 | Henderson S N Barton J T Wolfenden A D | 2009 | Poultry Science2009，88，： | 1 |
| 11 | Myoeardial tissue Doppler and long axis function in the fetal heart 显示文摘 | Gardiner HM Pasquini L Wolfenden J | 2006 | Int J Cardiol2006，113，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Prevalence of delirium with dexmedetomidine compared with morphine based therapy after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial (DEX- medetomidine Compared to Morphine-DEXCOM Study) 显示文摘 | SHEHABI Y GRANT P WOLFENDEN H | 2009 | Anesthesiology2009，111，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Influence of twin- twin transfusion syndrome on fetal cardiovascular structure and function: prospective case-control study of 136 monochorionic twin pregnancies显示文摘 | Karatza AA Wolfenden JL Taylor M J | 2002 | Heart2002，88，3： | 1 |
| 14 | An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections associated with flexible bronchoscopes显示文摘 | Srinivasan A Wolfenden LL Song X | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Root production and mortality under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide 显示文摘 | Fitter A H Self G K Wolfenden J | 1996 | Plant and Soil1996，10，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Evaluation of se- lected direct-fed microbial candidates on live performance and Salmonella reduction in commercial turkey brooding houses显示文摘 | Wolfenden R E Pumford N R Morgan M J | 2011 | Poul Sci2011，90，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Lower physician estimateof underlying asthma severity leads to undertreatment显示文摘 | Wolfenden LL Diette GB Krishnan JA | 2003 | Arch InternMed2003，163，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Hypersensitivity of an enzyme reaction to solvent water显示文摘 | DZINGELESKI G D WOLFENDEN R | 1993 | Biochemistry1993，32，： | 1 |
| 19 | A proficient enzyme显示文摘 | RADZICKA A WOLFENDEN R | 1995 | S~''i- ence1995，267，5194： | 1 |
| 20 | Evaluation of a lactobacillus-based probiotic culture for the reduction of Salmonella enteritidis in neonatal broiler chicks 显示文摘 | HIGGINS S E HIGGINS J P WOLFENDEN A D | 2008 | Poultry Science2008，87，1： | 1 |
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