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| 1 | 一个新的林分空间结构参数——大小比数显示文摘提出了模拟林分空间结构的大小比数。该结构参数量化了参照树与其相邻木的关系,以大于参照树的相邻木数占所考察的全部相邻木的比例表示。大小比数是对直径分布和至今所延用的描述相邻木关系的大小分化度的完善和补充,它能准确地判断出参照树是否比其相邻木大。其优点在于。 | 惠刚盈 Klaus von Gadow Matthias Albert | 1999 | 林业科学研究1999，12，1： | 298 |
| 2 | 从法正林转向近自然林:德国多功能森林经营在国家、区域和经营单位层面的实践显示文摘简要介绍德国林业的发展历史、多功能林业的法律规定和实现多功能目标的近自然林业理论和技术,分别从经营单位、区域和国家层面分析总结了德国作为林业发达国家开展多功能森林经营的具体实例和初步结果,提出了在各个层面上多功能森林经营的工作要点和评价效果的方法、指标和标准等可学习借鉴的要点。认为多功能近自然林业的理论是中华民族一直倡导的'真、善、美'的文化理念在林业经营中的具体表达,我国开展多功能林业有良好的历史文化基础和现实需求动力。 | 陆元昌 栾慎强 张守攻 Bernhard von der Heyde 雷相东 包源 | 2010 | 世界林业研究2010，23，1： | 69 |
| 3 | QoS Guided Min—Min Heuristic for Grid Task Scheduling显示文摘Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains. A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues. One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achieve high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources. This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced. The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS guidance.The algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment. The experimental results show that the new QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications. The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information. | 何晓珊 孙贤和 Gregor von Laszewski | 2003 | Journal of Computer Science & Technology2003，18，4： | 75 |
| 4 | Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) leads to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to self-limited acute or fulminant hepatitis to chronic hepatitis with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Infection with HBV is one of the most common viral diseases affecting man. Both viral factors as well as the host immune response have been implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of HBV infection. In this review, we will discuss the impact of virus-host interactions for the pathogenesis of HBV infection and liver disease. These interactions include the relevance of naturally occurring viral variants for clinical disease, the role of virus-induced apoptosis for HBV-induced liver cell injury and the impact of antiviral immune responses for outcome of infection. | Thomas F Baumert Robert Thimme Fritz von Weizscker | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，1： | 49 |
| 5 | 儿童精细动作能力的发展及与其学业成绩的关系显示文摘研究了不同精细动作能力的发展、之间的内在联系及其与儿童学业成绩的关系。被试为 15 1名 4~ 8岁儿童以及 30名本科生。精细动作能力的测查包括线条填画任务、图形临摹任务以及筷子技能测验。结果发现 :(1)不同精细动作能力的发展速度从高到低依次为线条填画能力、图形临摹能力和筷子使用技能 ;(2 )筷子使用技能与线条填画、图形临摹能力都显著相关 ,线条填画能力和年龄对筷子使用技能具有显著预测作用 ;(3)不同学业成绩儿童在各类精细动作能力上都存在显著差异。本研究说明 ,较基本的精细动作能力是复杂工具性技能发展的基础 ,同时在小学低年级阶段 。 | 李蓓蕾 林磊 董奇 Claes von Hofsten | 2002 | 心理学报2002，34，5： | 42 |
| 6 | 千年气候模拟与中国东部温度重建序列的比较研究显示文摘利用全球海气耦合气候模式ECHO-G进行的1000年长时间积分气候模拟试验与中国东部区域温度重建资料作对比, 以验证ECHO-G模拟中国区域气候的能力, 并探讨近千年来中国区域气候变化的原因. 重建资料是中国东部地区(25°~40°N, 105°E 以东)1000年来分辨率为30年的冬半年温度距平变化序列. 模拟试验以随时间变化的有效太阳辐射、CO2浓度和CH4浓度场为外强迫, 从1000年开始积分至1990年. 结果表明: 重建和模拟结果的相关系数为0.37, 置信度为97.5%. 模拟和重建结果均反映出了1000~1300年的中世纪暖期、1300~1850年的小冰期和1900年之后的升温期. 对于1300~1850年的小冰期和1900年之后的升温期, 模拟和重建的正负距平基本一致, 尤其是1670~1710年Maunder太阳黑子最小期时, 模拟和重建值都达到了温度低谷, 且无位相差异. 但对1000~1300年的中世纪暖期, 模拟与重建资料存在显著差异, 这与重建资料质量降低有关. 模拟的变幅(1.62 K)略小于重建值(2.0 K),但两者具有较好的可比性. 模拟结果的诊断分析表明, 在1000年尺度上, 太阳辐射和火山活动是控制全球和区域温度变化的主要因子, 而在最近百年尺度上, 温室气体含量的变化对快速增温起着更为重要的作用. | 刘健 Hans von Storch 陈星 Eduardo Zorita 郑景云 王苏民 | 2005 | 科学通报2005，50，20： | 34 |
| 7 | 良性阵发性位置性眩晕诊断标准显示文摘Bárány学会前庭疾病分类委员会制定了良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)诊断标准,对BPPV可操作性的诊断标准进行了介绍,包括已明确的BPPV分型和新出现的、有争议的BPPV分型,反映了当前医师对BPPV的临床和病理机制的认识。可以预期,对BPPV的深入理解将进一步促进其分类的不断完善。 | Michael von Brevern Pierre Bertholon Thomas Brandt Terry Fife Takao Imai Daniele Nuti David Newman-Toker 焉双梅 张欢 杨旭 吴子明 | 2017 | 中国全科医学2017，20，11： | 28 |
| 8 | The epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis in China:disease burden and distribution of genotypes显示文摘With the improvements of sanitation and nationwide safe water supply the occurrence of bacterial diarrhea declined remarkably,while viruses became the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis(AGE).Of these viruses,noroviruses(NoVs)are responsible for a considerable burden of gastroenteritis,especially in children<2 years and elderly≥65 years.NoVs circulating in the Chinese population are antigenically highly diverse with the genotype GII.4 being the dominant strain followed by GII.3.Given the widespread contamination in environmental sources,and highly infectious nature of NoVs,vaccination would be the desirable strategy for the control of NoV infections.However,a better understanding of acquired immunity after infection,and a reliable immunological surrogate marker are urgently needed,since two vaccine candidates based on virus-like particles(VLPs)are currently moving into clinical evaluations in China. | Honglu Zhou Songmei Wang Lorenz von Seidlein Xuanyi Wang | 2020 | Frontiers of Medicine2020，14，1： | 28 |
| 9 | 良性阵发性位置性眩晕:诊断标准--Bárány学会前庭疾病分类委员会共识显示文摘本文是由Bárány学会前庭疾病分类委员会制定的关于良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的可操作性诊断指南。该分类反映了对BPPV临床表现和病理机制的最新认识,并且包含了BPPV已知明确的和新兴的类型。 | 张祎 刘博 Von Brevern M Bercholon P Brandt T | 2017 | 听力学及言语疾病杂志2017，25，5： | 24 |
| 10 | On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China显示文摘Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE China.Methods Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 m.Soil samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility attributes.All plots were classified into geomorphological units.Analyses of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth attributes.Important Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the experiment.This explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in valleys.However,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent waterways.The results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by topography.Monte-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil fertility.Furthermore,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to leaching.This geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm depth.Few soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor roles.Nevertheless,soil acidity and a high proportion of Al on the exchange complex affected tree height even after only 1-2 years growth.Hence,our study showed that forest nutrition is coupled to a recycling of litter nutrients,and does not only depend on subsequent supply of nutrients from the mineral soil.Besides soil fertility,topography affected tree height.We found that especially MCCA as indicator of water availability affected tree growth at small-scale,as well as aspect.Overall,our synthesis on the interrelation between fertility,topography and tree growth in a subtropical forest ecosystem in SE China showed that topographic heterogeneity lead to ecological gradients across geomorphological positions.In this respect,small-scale soil-plant interactions in a young forest can serve as a driver for the future development of vegetation and biodiversity control on soil fertility.In addition,it shows that terrain attributes should be accounted for in ecological research. | Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 22 |
| 11 | 中国西部农户的疾病成本及其应对策略分析——基于一个四川省样本的经验研究显示文摘本文利用四川省300户农户的农村合作医疗保险调查数据,运用风险管理理论和公共卫生统计方法,在测算疾病直接成本的基础上,分析农户应对疾病成本的策略,以揭示非正式风险应对策略对防止因病致贫和发展农村合作医疗保险的政策性含义。研究发现,有生病成员的农户家庭的直接疾病成本为3653元,为农户年收入的29%,每个病人平均每月疾病直接成本为77元;农户对疾病成本的应对也是成功的。家庭和“扩大的家庭”在疾病成本应对中起重要作用,且“扩大的家庭”风险分担机制对发展新型农村合作医疗保险有重要的借鉴意义。 | 蒋远胜 Joachim von Braun | 2005 | 中国农村经济2005，，11： | 21 |
| 12 | 近千年全球气候变化的长积分模拟试验显示文摘近千年全球气候变化的长积分模拟试验是全球气候模拟研究的新领域,它不仅将现代器测资料与过去代用指标序列进行了有机的衔接,而且对过去百年和年代际尺度的气候变化可进行动力学解释,探讨其主要控制因素及其导致的区域响应差异。由于这类长积分模拟对计算机技术和气候模式本身的要求较高,目前能进行这类研究的国家为数不多。重点介绍了德国马普气象研究所的全球海气耦合气候模式ECHO G,以及利用该模式进行的千年长积分模拟试验结果。首先,应用全球120年的器测资料对模拟结果进行了检验,论证了该模型较强的气候模拟能力;其次,根据全球地表2m气温的千年模拟结果,揭示了中世纪暖期—小冰期—20世纪暖期三段式气候变化时段,然后讨论了中世纪暖期和小冰期鼎盛期全球及中国的温度分布特点;最后根据对各控制因子的拟合分析与比较,初步揭示了近千年来的温度变化主要受太阳有效辐射的变化控制,而温室气体含量的增加对100年来温度的快速上升起着主导作用。 | 刘健 Hans von Storch 陈星 Eduardo Zorita 王苏民 | 2005 | 地球科学进展2005，20，5： | 18 |
| 13 | Surgical management of esophagogastric junction tumors显示文摘 | Burkhard HA von Rahden Hubert J Stein J Rüdiger Siewert | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，41： | 18 |
| 14 | Preliminary multiproxy surface air temperature field reconstruction for China over the past millennium显示文摘We present the first millennial-length gridded field reconstruction of annual temperature for China, and analyze the reconstruction for spatiotemporal changes and associated uncertainties, based on a network of 415 well-distributed and accurately dated climatic proxy series.The new reconstruction method is a modified form of the point-by-point regression (PPR) approach.The main difference is the incorporation of the 'composite plus scale' (CPS) and 'Regularized errors-in-variables' (EIV) algorithms to allow for the assimilation of various types of the proxy data.Furthermore, the search radius is restricted to a grid size; this restriction helps effectively exclude proxy data possibly correlated with temperature but belonging to a different climate region.The results indicate that: 1) the past temperature record in China is spatially heterogenic, with variable correlations between cells in time; 2) the late 20th century warming in China probably exceeds mean temperature levels at any period of the past 1000 years, but the temperature anomalies of some grids in eastern China during the Medieval climate anomaly period are warmer than during the modern warming; 3) the climatic variability in the eastern and western regions of China was not synchronous during much of the last millennium, probably due to the influence of the Tibetan Plateau.Our temperature reconstruction may serve as a reference to test simulation results over the past millennium, and help to finely analyze the spatial characteristics and the driving mechanism of the past temperature variability.However, the lower reconstruction skill scores for some grid points underline that the present set of available proxy data series is not yet sufficient to accurately reconstruct the heterogeneous climate of China in all regions, and that there is the need for more highly resolved temperature proxies, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau. | SHI Feng YANG Bao Lucien Von GUNTEN | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，12： | 18 |
| 15 | Crown and leaf traits as predictors of subtropical tree sapling growth rates显示文摘Aims Growth rates of plants are driven by factors that influence the amount of resources captured and the efficiency of resource use.In trees,the amount of light captured and the efficiency of light use strongly depends on crown characteristics and leaf traits.Although theory predicts that both crown and leaf traits affect tree growth,few studies have yet to integrate these two types of traits to explain species-specific growth rates.Using 37 broad-leaved tree species of subtropical forests in SE China,we investigated how interspecific differences in wood volume growth rates were affected by crown and leaf traits.We tested the hypotheses that(i)larger crown dimensions promote growth rates,(ii)species-specific growth rates are positively related to leaf stomatal conductance,leaf water potential and leaf chemical components,and negatively related to leaf C/N and leaf toughness and(iii)the two sets of traits better explain growth rates in combination than either alone.Methods Our study was conducted in a large-scale forest Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning experiment in China(BEF-China),located in a mountainous region in Jiangxi Province.We related 17 functional traits(two crown dimension and three crown structure traits;six physiological and six morphological leaf traits)to the mean annual growth rate of wood volume of young trees of the studied species.Interrelationships between crown and leaf traits were analyzed using principal component analysis.Simple linear regression analysis was used to test the effect of each trait separately.We used multiple regression analysis to establish the relationship of growth rate to each set of traits(crown traits,physiological and morphological leaf traits)and to the combination of all types of traits.The coefficients of determination(R^(2)_(adj))of the best multiple regression models were compared to determine the relative explanatory power of crown and leaf traits and a combination of both.Important Findings The species-specific growth rates were not related to any of the single crown traits,but were related positively to leaf stomatal conductance and leaf water potential individually,and negatively to leaf toughness,with approximately 13%variance explained by each of the traits.Combinations of different crown traits did not significantly explain the species-specific growth rates,whereas combinations of either physiological or morphological leaf traits explained 24%and 31%,respectively.A combination of both crown and leaf traits explained 42%of variance in species-specific growth rates.We concluded that sets of traits related to carbon assimilation at the leaf-level and to overall amount of leaves exposed at the crown-level jointly explained species-specific growth rates better than either set of traits alone. | Ying Li Wenzel Kröber Helge Bruelheide Werner Härdtle Goddert von Oheimb | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 18 |
| 16 | Interspecific and intraspecific variation in specific root length drives aboveground biodiversity effects in young experimental forest stands显示文摘Aims Although the net biodiversity effect(NE)can be statistically partitioned into complementarity and selection effects(CE and SE),there are different underlying mechanisms that can cause a certain partitioning.Our objective was to assess the role of resource partitioning and species interactions as two important mechanisms that can bring about CEs by interspecific and intraspecific trait variation.Methods We measured tree height of 2493 living individuals in 57 plots and specific root length(SRL)on first-order roots of 368 of these individuals across different species richness levels(1,2,4,8 species)in a large-scale forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical China(BEF-China)established in 2009.We describe the effects of resource partitioning between species by a fixed component of interspecific functional diversity(RaoQ)and further effects of species interactions by variable components of interspecific and intraspecific functional diversity(community weighted trait similarity and trait dissimilarity,CWS and CWD).Finally,we examined the relationships between biodiversity effects on stand-level tree height and functional diversity(RaoQ,CWS and CWD)in SRL using linear regression and assessed the relative importance of these three components of functional diversity in explaining the diversity effects.Important Findings Our results show that species richness significantly affected SRL in five and tree height in ten out of 16 species.A positive NE was generally brought about by a positive CE on stand-level tree height and related to high values of RaoQ and CWS in SRL.A positive CE was related to high values of all three components of root functional diversity(RaoQ,CWS and CWD).Our study suggests that both resource partitioning and species interactions are the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity effects on stand-level tree growth in subtropical forest. | Wensheng Bu Bernhard Schmid Xiaojuan Liu Ying Li Werner Härdtle Goddert von Oheimb Yu Liang Zhenkai Sun Yuanyuan Huang Helge Bruelheide Keping Ma | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 18 |
| 17 | Endoscopic transpapillary brush cytology and forceps biopsy in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity of brush cytology and forceps biopsy in a homogeneous patient group with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS: Brush cytology and forceps biopsy were routinely performed in patients with suspected malignant biliary strictures. Fifty-eight consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) including forceps biopsy and brush cytology in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 1995-2005.RESULTS: Positive results for malignancy were obtained in 24/58 patients (41.4%) by brush cytology and in 31/58 patients (53.4%) by forceps biopsy. The combination of both techniques brush cytology and forceps biopsy resulted only in a minor increase in diagnostic sensitivity to 60.3% (35/58 patients). In 20/58 patients (34.5%), diagnosis were obtained by both positive cytology and positive histology, in 11/58 (19%) by positive histology (negative cytology) and only 4/58 patients (6.9%) were confirmed by positive cytology (negative histology).CONCLUSION: Brush cytology and forceps biopsy have only limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant hilar tumors. In our eyes, additional diagnostic techniques should be evaluated and should become routine in patients with negative cytological and histological findings. | Andreas Weber Claus von Weyhern Falko Fend Jochen Schneider Bruno Neu Alexander Meining Hans Weidenbach Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 17 |
| 18 | 米非司酮与米索前列醇用于催经的研究显示文摘目的 评估应用米非司酮联合米索前列醇催经的效果及副反应。 方法 在全国 8个研究中心共接收了 72 0名妇女 ,平均预期月经延迟 ( 4.9± 1 .7) d。接纳当天给予 1 50 mg米非司酮 ,3 6~ 48h后门诊阴道放置 40 0μg米索前列醇 ,并留院观察 1 h。嘱服药后 1 0 d内随诊。观察指标主要为妊娠、月经来潮。测定血清雌二醇 ( E2 )及孕酮 ( P) ,以分析月经延迟时的周期时相。 结果 在 72 0名妇女中失访 1人。在 71 9名妇女中 ,就诊时已经妊娠 492人 ,其中完全和不完全流产 46 7例 ( 95.0 % ) ;妊娠继续 2 4例 ( 4.9% ) ;异位妊娠 1例 ,作进一步处理。月经延迟 2 2 7名妇女 ,其中月经来潮 2 2 2例 ( 97.8% ) ;月经延迟>45d或停经者 5例 ( 2 .2 % )。服药后副反应中有恶心 9%、呕吐 3 .1 %。血清 E2 与 P显示 ,月经延迟者有 6 0 %仍处于卵泡期水平 ,仅 3 0 %处于黄体期 ;在妊娠组 ,6 0 %血清 P和E2 的水平相当于黄体期水平 ,说明已有极早期妊娠。 结论 米非司酮与米索前列醇联合应用是有效和安全的催经止孕方法 ,对解决妇女担忧非意愿妊娠有利 。 | 肖碧莲 赵珩 吴尚纯 Helena von Hertzen Gilda Piaggio 翁梨驹 经小平 程利南 任芳明 贺昌海 桂幼伦 雷贞武 朱明辉 曹小明 汪蓉芬 丁婉华 梅庆明 | 2003 | 生殖医学杂志2003，12，3： | 17 |
| 19 | Systematic review of colorectal cancer screening guidelines for average-risk adults: Summarizing the current global recommendations显示文摘AIM To summarize and compare worldwide colorectal cancer(CRC) screening recommendations in order to identify similarities and disparities.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and ISI Web of knowledge identifying all average-risk CRC screening guideline publications within the last ten years and/or position statements published in the last 2 years. In addition, a hand-search of the webpages of National Gastroenterology Society websites, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, the BMJ Clinical Evidence website,Google and Google Scholar was performed. RESULTS Fifteen guidelines were identified. Six guidelines were published in North America, four in Europe, four in Asia and one from the World Gastroenterology Organization. The majority of guidelines recommend screening average-risk individuals between ages 50 and 75 using colonoscopy(every 10 years), or flexible sigmoidoscopy(FS, every 5 years) or fecal occult blood test(FOBT, mainly the Fecal Immunochemical Test, annually or biennially). Disparities throughout the different guidelines are found relating to the use of colonoscopy, rank order between test, screening intervals and optimal age ranges for screening. CONCLUSION Average risk individuals between 50 and 75 years should undergo CRC screening. Recommendations for optimal surveillance intervals, preferred tests/test cascade as well as the optimal timing when to start and stop screening differ regionally and should be considered for clinical decision making. Furthermore, local resource availability and patient preferences are important to increase CRC screening uptake, as any screening is better than none. | Florence Bénard Alan N Barkun Myriam Martel Daniel von Renteln | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，1： | 16 |
| 20 | 全球化及其对小农户的挑战显示文摘小农是贫困人口的主体。全球化带来的经济增长有助于减少贫困,但新增利益的分配很不平衡。解决贫困尤其是小农的贫困问题需要国内外的共同努力,协调经济发展和贸易自由化的政策,保证小农有能力实际分享贸易和经济增长所提供的市场机遇。 | Joachim von Braun 朱亮 陈晓艳 李倩 | 2005 | 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版)2005，5，2： | 15 |
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