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| 1 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Is it a must or a fake?显示文摘AIM To investigate the neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) effect on the survival of patients with proper stomach cancer submitted to D2 gastrectomy.METHODS We proceeded to a review of the literature with Pub Med, Embase, ASCO and ESMO meeting abstracts as well as computerized use of the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing NAC followed by surgery(NAC + S) with surgery alone(SA) for gastric cancer(GC). The primary outcome was the overall survival rate. Secondary outcomes were the site of the primary tumor, extension of node dissection according to Japanese Gastric Cancer Association(JGCA) performed in both arms, disease-specific(DSS) and disease-free survival(DFS) rates, clinical and pathological response rates and resectability rates after perioperative treatment. RESULTS We identified a total of 16 randomized controlled trials comparing NAC + S(n = 1089) with SA(n = 973) published in the period from January 1993-March 2017. Only 6 of these studies were well-designed, structured trials in which the type of lymph node(LN) dissection performed or at least suggested in the trial protocol was reported. Two out of three of the RCTs with D2 lymphadenectomy performed in almost all cases failed to show survival benefit in the NAC arm. Inthe third RCT, the survival rate was not even reported, and the primary end points were the clinical outcomes of surgery with and without NAC. In the remaining three RCTs, D2 lymph node dissection was performed in less than 50% of cases or only recommended in the 'Study Treatment' protocol without any description in the results of the procedure really perfomed. In one of the two studies, the benefit of NAC was evident only for esophagogastric junction(EGJ) cancers. In the second study, there was no overall survival benefit of NAC. In the last trial, which documented a survival benefit for the NAC arm, the chemotherapy effect was mostly evident for EGJ cancer, and more than one-fourth of patients did not have a proper stomach cancer. Additionally, several patients did not receive resectional surgery. Furthermore, the survival rates of international reference centers that provide adequate surgery for homogeneous stomach cancer patients' populations are even higher than the survival rates reported after NAC followed by incomplete surgery.CONCLUSION NAC for GC has been rapidly introduced in international western guidelines without an evidence-based medicinerelated demonstration of its efficacy for a homogeneous population of patients with only stomach tumors submitted to adequate surgery following JGCA guidelines with extended(D2) LN dissection. Additional larger sample-size multicentre RCTs comparing the newer NAC regimens including molecular therapies followed by adequate extended surgery with surgery alone are needed. | Rossella Reddavid Silvia Sofia Paolo Chiaro Fabio Colli Renza Trapani Laura Esposito Mario Solej Maurizio Degiuli | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，2： | 25 |
| 2 | Dismicrobism in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: Changes in response of colocytes显示文摘Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have an increased risk of 10%-15%developing colorectal cancer(CRC)that is a common disease of high economic costs in developed countries.The CRC has been increasing in recent years and its mortality rates are very high.Multiple biological and biochemical factors are responsible for the onset and progression of this pathology.Moreover,it appears absolutely necessary to investigate the environmental factors favoring the onset of CRC and the promotion of colonic health.The gut microflora,or microbiota,has an extensive diversity both quantitatively and qualitatively.In utero,the intestine of the mammalian fetus is sterile.At birth,the intestinal microbiota is acquired by ingesting maternal anal or vaginal organisms,ultimately developing into a stable community,with marked variations in microbial composition between individuals.The development of IBD is often associated with qualitative and quantitative disorders of the intestinal microbial flora(dysbiosis).The healthy human gut harbours about10 different bacterial species distributed in colony forming units which colonize the gastrointestinal tract.The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in health and in the progression of diseases such as IBD and CRC.In healthy subjects,the main control of intestinal bacterial colonization occurs through gastric acidity but other factors such as endoluminal temperature,competition between different bacterial strains,peristalsis and drugs can influence the intestinal microenvironment.The microbiota exerts diverse physiological functions to include:growth inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms,synthesis of compounds useful for the trophism of colonic mucosa,regulation of intestinal lymphoid tissue and synthesis of amino acids.Furthermore,mucus seems to play an important role in protecting the intestinal mucosa and maintaining its integrity.Changes in the microbiota composition are mainly influenced by diet and age,as well as genetic factors.Increasing evidence indicates that dysbiosis favors the production of genotoxins and metabolites associated with carcinogenesis and induces dysregulation of the immune response whichpromotes and sustains inflammation in IBD leading to carcinogenesis.A disequilibrium in gut microflora composition leads to the specific activation of gut associated lymphoid tissue.The associated chronic inflammatory process associated increases the risk of developing CRC.Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the two major IBDs characterized by an early onset and extraintestinal manifestations,such as rheumatoid arthritis.The pathogenesis of both diseases is complex and not yet fully known.However,it is widely accepted that an inappropriate immune response to microbial flora can play a pivotal role in IBD pathogenesis. | Giovanni Tomasello Pietro Tralongo Provvidenza Damiani Emanuele Sinagra Benedetto Di Trapani Marie Noelle Zeenny Inaya Hajj Hussein Abdo Jurjus Angelo Leone | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，48： | 10 |
| 3 | Kounis syndrome:a clinical entity penetrating from pediatrics to geriatrics显示文摘1 Introduction Kounis syndrome constitutes a coronary hypersensitivity disorder defined by the association of an anaphylactoid,anaphylactic,allergic or hypersensitivity reaction with an acute coronary syndrome,in a physiopathological context involving various interrelated and interacting inflammatory cells,such as mast-cells,eosinophils and platelets.[1,2]Similar entities to Kounis syndrome might involve cerebral and mesenteric arteries. | Mattia Giovannini Ioanna Koniari Francesca Mori Silvia Ricci Luciano De Simone Silvia Favilli Sandra Trapani Giuseppe Indolfi Nicholas George Kounis Elio Novembre | 2020 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2020，17，5： | 7 |
| 4 | Clinical and histopathological correlations of fecal calprotectin release in colorectal carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To determine calprotectin release before and after colorectal cancer operation and compare it to tumor and histopathological parameters.METHODS:The study was performed on patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer admitted for operation.Calprotectin was measured in a single stool sample before and three months after the operation using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Calprotectin levels greater than or equal to 50μg/g were considered positive.The compliance for collecting stool samples was assessed and the value of calprotectin was correlated to tumor and histopathological parameters of intra-and peri-tumoral inflammation.Surgical specimens were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Staging was performed according to the Dukes classification system and the 7th edition tumor node metastasis classification system.Intra-and peri-tumoral inflammation was graded according to the Klintrup criteria.Immunohistochemical quantification was performed for MPO,CD45R0,TIA-1,CD3,CD4,CD8,CD57,and granzyme B.Statistical significance was measured using Wilcoxon signed rank test,Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient as appropriate.RESULTS:Between March 2009 and May 2011,80 patients with colorectal cancer(46 men and 34 women,with mean age of 71±11.7 years old)were enrolled in the study.Twenty-six patients had rectal carcinoma,29 had left-side tumors,23 had right-side tumors,and2 had bilateral carcinoma.In total,71.2%of the patients had increased levels of calprotectin before the operation(median 205μg/g,range 50-2405μg/g)and experienced a significant decrease three months after the operation(46μg/g,range 10-384μg/g,P<0001).The compliance for collecting stool samples was 89.5%.Patients with T3 and T4 tumors had significantly higher values than those with T1 and T2 cancers(P=0.022).For all other tumor parameters(N,M,G,L,V,Pn)and location,no significant difference in calprotectin concentration was found.Furthermore,the calprotectin levels and histological grading of both peri-and intra-tumoral inflammation was not correlated.Additional testing with specific markers for lymphocytes and neutrophils also revealed no statistically significant correlation.CONCLUSION:Fecal calprotectin decreases significantly after colorectal cancer operation.Its value depends exclusively on the individual T-stage,but not on other tumor or histopathological parameters. | Frank Serge Lehmann Francesca Trapani Ida Fueglistaler Luigi Maria Terracciano Markus von Flüe Gieri Cathomas Andreas Zettl Pascal Benkert Daniel Oertli Christoph Beglinger | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，17： | 6 |
| 5 | Regulation and deregulation of cholesterol homeostasis: The liver as a metabolic 'power station'显示文摘Cholesterol plays several structural and metabolic roles that are vital for human biology. It spreads along the entire plasma membrane of the cell, modulating fluidity and concentrating in specialized sphingolipid-rich domains called rafts and caveolae. Cholesterol is also a substrate for steroid hormones. However, too much cholesterol can lead to pathological pictures such as atherosclerosis, which is a consequence of the accumu- lation of cholesterol into the cells of the artery wall. The liver is considered to be the metabolic power station of mammalians, where cholesterol homeostasis relies on an intricate network of cellular processes whose deregulations can lead to several life-threatening pathologies, such as familial and age-related hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol homeostasis maintenance is carried out by: biosynthesis, via 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity; uptake, through low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLr); lipoprotein release in the blood; storage by esterification; and degradation and conversion into bile acids. Both HMGR and LDLr are transcribed as a function of cellular sterol amount by a family of transcription factors called sterol regulatory element binding proteins that are responsible for the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis through an intricate mechanism of regulation. Cholesterol obtained by hepatic de novo synthesis can be esterified and incorporated into apolipoprotein B-100-containing very low density lipoproteins, which are then secreted into the bloodstream for transport to peripheral tissues. Moreover, dietary cholesterol is transferred from the intestine to the liver by high density lipoproteins (HDLs); all HDL particles are internalized in the liver, interacting with the hepatic scavenger receptor (SR-B1). Here we provide an updated overview of liver cholesterol metabolism regulation and deregulation and the causes of cholesterol metabolism-related diseases. Moreover, current pharmacological treatment and novel hypocho-lesterolemic strategies will also be introduced. | Laura Trapani Marco Segatto Valentina Pallottini | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，6： | 5 |
| 6 | Treatment of hepatitis B virus infection in children and adolescents显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Most children acquire the infection perinatally or during early childhood and develop a chronic hepatitis characterized by a high viral replication and a low-inflammation phase of infection,with normal or only slightly raised aminotransferases.Although a conservative approach in children is usually recommended,different therapies exist and different therapeutic approaches are possible.The main goals of antiviral treatment for children with chronic HBV infection are to suppress viral replication and to warn the disease progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,although these complications are rare in children.Both United States Food and Drug Administration(USFDA)and European Medicines Agency(EMA)have approved interferon alfa-2b for children aged 1 year and older,pegylated interferon alfa-2a and lamivudine for children aged 3 years and older,entecavir for use in children aged 2 years and older,and adefovir for use in those 12 years of age and older.Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is approved by EMA for children aged 2 years and older and by USFDA for treatment in children aged 12 years and older.Finally,EMA has approved the use of tenofovir alafenamide for treatment of children aged 12 years and older or for children weighing more than 35 kg independent of age.This narrative review will provide the framework for summarizing indications to antiviral therapy in the management of chronic HBV infection in children and adolescents. | Mariangela Stinco Chiara Rubino Sandra Trapani Giuseppe Indolfi | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，36： | 5 |
| 7 | Age-Related Hypercholesterolemia and HMG-CoA Reductase Dysregulation: Sex Does Matter (A Gender Perspective)显示文摘 | Laura Trapani Valentina Pallottini Jacek Witkowski | 2010 | Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research2010，，： | 2 |
| 8 | Deep mine cooling,a case for Northern Ontario:Part Ⅰ显示文摘Cooling energy needs,for mines in Northern Ontario,are mainly driven by the mining depth and its operation.Part I of this research focusses on the thermal energy loads in deep mines as a result of the virgin rock temperature,mining operations and climatic conditions.A breakdown of the various heat sources is outlined,for an underground mine producing 3500 tonnes per day of broken rock,taking into consideration the latent and sensible portions of that heat to properly assess the wet bulb global temperature.The resulting thermal loads indicate that cooling efforts would be needed both at surface and underground to maintain the temperature underground within the legal threshold.In winter the air might also have to be heated at surface and cooled underground,to ensure that icing does not occur in the inlet ventilation shaft-the main reason why cooling cannot be focussed solely at surface. | D. Millar K. Trapani A. Romero | 2016 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2016，26，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Deep mine cooling, a case for Northern Ontario:Part Ⅱ显示文摘Cooling energy needs, for mines in Northern Ontario, are mainly driven by the mining cooling technologies available and the cost to implement them in a 2500 m deep underground mine. The cooling technologies reviewed herein include mechanical and natural cooling systems, ranging from mechanical chillers to seasonal thermal storages. The economic and operating parameters for each technology were estimated and evaluated according to the mine's energy loads. Including consideration of any combined heat and power benefits of the technology, cooling tower requirements, etc., the resulting cost of implementation for each technology could be ranked. This showed that the natural thermal storage systems and conventional chillers were the most cost-effective, mainly since the natural systems had very low operating cost and the chillers had relatively low capital costs. | Trapani K. Romero A. Millar D. | 2016 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2016，26，6： | 2 |
| 10 | New compounds able to control hepatic cholesterol metabolism:Is it possible to avoid statin treatment in aged people?显示文摘Aging is characterized by the loss of homeostasis that leads to changes in the biochemical composition of tissues, reduced ability to respond adaptively to en- vironmental stimuli, and increased susceptibility and vulnerability to diseases including coronary artery dis- eases, carotid artery disease and brain vessel disease. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the primary risk factors for these pathologies, whose incidence is highly related to aging. Almost 25% of men and 42% of women older than 65 years have a serum total cholesterol level greater than 240 mg/dL. The mechanisms behind this age-related increase in plasma cholesterol are still incompletely understood, thus, the control of plasma cholesterol content in aged people is more challenging than in adults. In this review the different pharmaco- logical approaches to reduce plasma cholesterol levels, particularly in aged people, will be discussed. In brief, current therapies are mostly based on the prescription of statins(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) that are pretty effective but that exert sev- eral side effects. More attention should be given to po- tential drug interactions, potential age-related changes in drug pharmacokinetics, adverse effects such as my-opathy and competing risks when statins are prescribed to old patients. In combination or in alternative to sta- tin therapy, other agents might be required to reduce low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol levels. Among the available drugs, the most commonly prescribed are those addressed to reduce cholesterol absorption, to modulate lipoprotein lipase activity and bile acid se- questrants: even these pharmacological interventions are not exempt from side effects. The use of antioxi- dants or organoselenium compounds and the discovery of new proteins able to modulate exclusively LDL re- ceptor recycling such as Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 and SEC24 offer new pharmacological approaches to selectively reduce the main causes of dyslipidemia. | Laura Trapani Marco Segatto Valentina Pallottini | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，12： | 2 |
| 11 | A fresh look at tumor immunosureillance and immunotherapy显示文摘 | Smyth MJ Godfrey DI Trapani JA | 2001 | Nat Immunol2001，2，4： | 1 |
| 12 | 显示文摘 | Smyth MJ Godfrey DI Trapani IA | 2001 | Nat Immund2001，2，4： | 1 |
| 13 | New devices for inguinal hernia re-pair in elderly patients显示文摘 | Fei L Filippone G trapani V | 2005 | Acta Biomed2005，76，： | 1 |
| 14 | Sustained improvement of a girl affected with Devic's disease over 2 years of mycophenolate mofetil treatment显示文摘 | Faleini F Trapani S Ricci L | 2006 | Rheumatology (Oxford)2006，45，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Proapoptotie functions of eytotoxie lymphocyte granule constituents in vitro and in vivo 显示文摘 | Trapani JA Davis J Sutton VR | 2000 | Curt Opin Immunol2000，12，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparison of Human and Machine Scoring of Essays: Differences by Gender, Ethnicity, and Country显示文摘 | Brent Bridgeman Catherine Trapani Yigal Attali | 2012 | Applied Measurement in Education2012，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Transcription and growth regulatory functions of the HIN-200 family of proteins显示文摘 | Johnstone RW Trapani JA | 1999 | Mol Cell Biol1999，19，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Pulmonary involvement in juvenile dermatumyositis : a two-year longitudinal study显示文摘 | Trapani S Camiciottoli G Vierucci A | 2001 | Rheumatology (Oxford)2001，40，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Analysis of hemodynamic variability after sinoaortic denervation in the consciousrat显示文摘 | Trapani M Barton KW Brody MJ | 1986 | Am J Physiol1986，251，62： | 1 |
| 20 | Proapoptotic functions of cytotoxic lymphocyte granule constituents in vitro and in vivo 显示文摘 | Trapani JA Divis J Sutton VR | 2000 | Curr Opin Immunol2000，12，3： | 1 |
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