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| 1 | Hepatic encephalopathy:An approach to its multiple pathophysiological features显示文摘Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a neuropsychiatric complex syndrome,ranging from subtle behavioral abnormalities to deep coma and death.Hepatic encephalopathy emerges as the major complication of acute or chronic liver failure.Multiplicity of factors are involved in its pathophysiology,such as central and neuromuscular neurotransmission disorder,alterations in sleep patterns and cognition,changes in energy metabolism leading to cell injury,an oxidative/nitrosative state and a neuroinflammatory condition.Moreover,in acute HE,a condition of imminent threat of death is present due to a deleterious astrocyte swelling.In chronic HE,changes in calcium signaling,mitochondrial membrane potential and long term potential expression,N-methyl-D-aspartate-cGMP and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors alterations,and changes in the mRNA and protein expression and redistribution in the cerebral blood flow can be observed.The main molecule indicated as responsible for all these changes in HE is ammonia.There is no doubt that ammonia,a neurotoxic molecule,triggers or at least facilitates most of these changes.Ammonia plasma levels are increased two-to three-fold in patients with mild to moderate cirrhotic HE and up to ten-fold in patients with acute liver failure. Hepatic and inter-organ trafficking of ammonia and its metabolite,glutamine(GLN),lead to hyperammonemic conditions.Removal of hepatic ammonia is a differentiated work that includes the hepatocyte,through the urea cycle,converting ammonia into GLN via glutamine synthetase.Under pathological conditions,such as liver damage or liver blood bypass,the ammonia plasma level starts to rise and the risk of HE developing is high. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of HE is rapidly expanding and identification of focally localized triggers has led the development of new possibilities for HE to be considered.This editorial will focus on issues where, to the best of our knowledge,more research is needed in order to clarify,at least partially,controversial topics. | Juan Carlos Perazzo Silvina Tallis Amalia Delfante Pablo Andrés Souto Abraham Lemberg Francisco Xavier Eizayaga Salvador Romay | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，3： | 16 |
| 2 | A multicenter, double-blind, one-year study comparing safety and efficacy of atorvastatin versus simvastatin in patients witb hypercholesterolemia显示文摘 | Anthony Dart George Jerums Geoffrey Nicholson Michael d’Emden Ian Hamilton-Craig George Tallis James Best Malcolm West David Sullivan Peter Braes Donald Black | 1997 | The American Journal of Cardiology1997，，： | 2 |
| 3 | Epidemiological feature of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘 | Tally NJ Camilleri M | | Clinician0，14，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Use of cerebrospinal fluid shunts in patients having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with cryptococcal meningitis and uncontrollable intracranial hypertension显示文摘 | Bach MC Tally PW Godofsky EW | 1997 | Neurosurgery1997，41，： | 1 |
| 5 | An outbreak of Legion- naires, disease at the Melbourne aquarium, Apri 2000 : investiga- tion and case-control studies 显示文摘 | Greig JE Carnie JA Tallis GF | 2004 | Med J Aust2004，180，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Muscle activity during gait initiation in normal elderly people显示文摘 | Mickelborough J van der Linden ML Tallis RC | 2004 | Gait Posture2004，19，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Investigation into the relationship between personality traits and OCD:a replication employing a clinical population 显示文摘 | TALLIS F ROSEN K SHAFRAN R | 1996 | Behav Res Ther1996，34，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Prevalence and clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux: a population -based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota显示文摘 | Locke GR 3rd Tally NJ | 1997 | Gastroenterology1997，112，： | 1 |
| 9 | Functional gastroduodenal disorders 显示文摘 | TACK J TALLY N J CAMILLER M | 2006 | Gastroenterology2006，130，： | 1 |
| 10 | Re-locatable transducer heads for remote Siemens on-line PD monitor for high voltage transformers显示文摘 | Unsworth J Talli D | 2000 | Proceeding of the 1st international con- ference on insulation condition monitoring of electrical plant2000，，： | 1 |
| 11 | How to improve the quality of life in patients living with end stage renal failure显示文摘 | Tallis K | 2005 | Renal Society of Australia Jour- nal2005，1，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Daptomycin: a novel agent for Gram-positive infections显示文摘 | Tally F P Zeckel M Wasilewski M M | 1999 | Exp Opin Invest Drugs1999，8，： | 1 |
| 13 | C-peptide stimulates glucose transport in isolated human skeletal musele independent of insulin receptor and tyrosine kinase activation 显示文摘 | Zierath J Handberg A Tally M | 1996 | Dialbetologia1996，39，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Gain dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifiers and three-wavelength devices显示文摘 | M J Adams | 2003 | IEEE Journal of Quantum electroncs2003，39，10： | 1 |
| 15 | The importance of bactericidal drugs: Future directions in infectious disease显示文摘 | Finberg R W Moellering R C Tally F P | 2004 | Clin InfectDis2004，39，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Estimating the removal of atmospheric particulate pollution by the urban tree canopy of London, under current and future environments显示文摘 | TALLIS M TAYLOR G SINNET'F D | 2011 | Landscape and Urban Planting2011，103，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Estimating the removal of atmospheric particulate pollution by the urban tree canopy of London, under current and future environments 显示文摘 | Tallis M Taylor G Sinnett D | 2011 | Landscape & Urban Planning2011，103，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Hydrolytic stability of a alkylethoxy sulfate 显示文摘 | TALLY L D | 1988 | SPE Reservoir Engineering1988，3，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Ecosystem services显示文摘 | TALLIS H KAREIVA P | 2005 | Current Biology2005，15，18： | 1 |
| 20 | C-peptide stimulates glucose transport in isolated human skeletal muscle independent of insulin receptor and tyrosine kinase activation显示文摘 | Zierath JR handbera A Tally M | 1996 | Diabetologia1996，39，3： | 1 |
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