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| 1 | Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis显示文摘The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as 'microbiota' and their collective genomes as 'microbiome'. The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human body, although other parts, such as the skin, vaginal mucosa, or respiratory tract, also harbour specific microbiota. This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota can occur by changes in composition(dysbiosis), function, or microbiota-host interactions and they can be directly correlated with several diseases. The only disease in which a clear causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated is the case of Clostridium difficile infections. Nonetheless, alterations in composition and function of the microbiota have been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases(inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, or irritable bowel syndrome), as well as extra-intestinal pathologies, such as those affecting the liver, or the respiratory tract(e.g., allergy, bronchial asthma, and cystic fibrosis), among others. Species of Bifidobacterium genus are the normal inhabitants of a healthy human gut and alterations in number and composition of their populations is one of the most frequent features present in these diseases. The use of probiotics, including bifidobacteria strains, in preventive medicine to maintain a healthy intestinal function is well documented. Probiotics are also proposed as therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal disorders and other pathologies. The World Gastroenterology Organization recently published potential clinical applications for several probiotic formulations, in which species of lactobacilli are predominant. This review is focused on probiotic preparations containing Bifidobacterium strains, alone or in combination with other bacteria, which have been tested in human clinical studies. In spite of extensive literature on and research into this topic, the degree of scientific evidence of the effectiveness of probiotics is still insufficient in most cases. More effort need to be made to design and conduct accurate human studies demonstrating the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention, alleviation, or treatment of different pathologies. | Rafael Tojo Adolfo Suárez Marta G Clemente Clara G de los Reyes-Gavilán Abelardo Margolles Miguel Gueimonde Patricia Ruas-Madiedo | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 33 |
| 2 | Recovery of Zinc and Lead From Fly Ash From Ash-Melting and Gasification-Melting Processes of MSW-Comparisen and Applicability of Chemical Leaching Methods显示文摘 | Okada T Tojo Y Tanaka N | 2007 | Waste Management2007，27，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Protective effect of anti P-selectin monoclonal antibody in lipopolysaccharide-in- duced lung hemorrhage 显示文摘 | Ohnishi M Imanishi N Tojo SJ | 1999 | Inflammation1999，23，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Acute myelogenous leuke mia M5b developed during clinical remission of Castleman disease 显示文摘 | Tomonari A Shirafuji N Tojo A | 2003 | lnt J Hematol2003，77，3： | 1 |
| 5 | The in vitro re- sponse of human retioal endothelial cells to cytokines and other chemically active agents is altered by cocaltare with vitreous - de- rived 显示文摘 | TOJO N KASHIWAQI Y YAMAMOTO S | 2010 | Acta Ophthalmol2010，88，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Elevated circulating levels of an incretin hormone, glueagon - like peptide - 1, are asso- 'ciated with metabolic components in high - risk patients with cardio- vascular disease显示文摘 | Yamaoka - Tojo M Tojo T Takahira N | 2010 | Cardiovasc Diabetol2010，9，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Characterization of the promoter region of the human e-kit protooncogene显示文摘 | Yamamoto K Tojo A Aoki N | 1993 | Jpn J Cancer Res1993，84，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Tracheal replacement with cryopreserved tracheal allograft:experiments in dogs显示文摘 | Tojo T Niwaya K Sawabata N | 1998 | Ann Thorac Surg1998，66，： | 1 |
| 9 | Isolation and characterization of a capsularpolysaccharide adhesin from Staphylococcusepidermidis显示文摘 | Tojo M Yamashita N Goldmann D A etal | 1988 | JournalofInfectious Diseases1988，157，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of macrophage colonystimulating factor(MOCSF) on protease production from monocyte, macrophage and foam cell in vitro:a possible mechanism for antiatherosclerotic effect of M-CSF 显示文摘 | Tojo N Asakura E Koyama M | 1999 | Biochim Biophys Acta1999，1452，3： | 1 |
| 11 | The preferential expression of CD7 and CD34 in nyeloid blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia显示文摘 | Kosui N Tojo A Shinaki H | 2000 | Blood2000，95，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Eplerenone shows renoprotective effect by reducing LOX-1-mediated adhesion molecule,PKCε-MAPK-p90RSK,and Rho-kina sepathway显示文摘 | HARA K TOJO A | 2005 | Hypertension2005，45，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Dual blockade of aldosterone and angiotensin Ⅱ additively suppresses TGF-β and NADPH oxidase in the hypertensive kidney 显示文摘 | Onozato ML Tojo A Kobayashi N | 2007 | Nephrol Dial Transplant2007，22，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Recovery of zinc and lead from fly ash from ash-melting and gasificationmelting processes of MSW-comparison and applicability of chemical leaching methods显示文摘 | Okada T Tojo Y Tanaka N | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 15 | Coexistence of aldosterone- producing adrenocortical adenoma and pheochromocytoma in an ipsilateral adrenal gland 显示文摘 | Sakamoto N Tojo K Saito T | 2009 | Endocr2009，56，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Improvement of fluctua- tions of intraocular pressure after cataract surgery in primary angle closure glaucoma patients 显示文摘 | Tojo N Otsuka M Miyakoshi A | 2014 | Graefe Arch Clin Exper Ophthal- tool2014，252，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Tracheal allogenic immunoresponse is reduced by cryopreservation: canine experiment显示文摘 | Tojo T Niwaya K Sawabata N | 1996 | Transplant Proc1996，28，3： | 1 |
| 18 | 显示文摘 | Ohnishi M Imanishi N Tojo S J | 1999 | Inflammation1999，23，： | 1 |
| 19 | Effectiveness of EPR programme in design change: Study of the factors that affect the Swedish and Japanese EEE and automobile manufacturers显示文摘 | Tojo N | 2001 | IIIEE Reports2001，19，： | 1 |
| 20 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Fujitsuka M Hara M Tojo S Okada A Troiani V Solladie N Majima T | | 0，，： | 1 |
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