| 1 | Caregiver burden is increased in Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI)显示文摘Background:There is limited evidence on caregiver outcomes associated with mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD-MCI)and the coping strategies used by these caregivers.Methods:To investigate this relationship,we examined levels of burden,depression,anxiety,coping strategies and positive aspects of caregiving in the informal caregivers of 96 PD patients.The PD patients were classified using MDS-Task Force Level II criteria as showing either normal cognition(PD-N;n=51),PD-MCI(n=30)or with dementia(PDD;n=15).Results:Mean Zarit Burden Interview(ZBI)score increased significantly between carers of PD-N(M=13.39,SD=12.22)compared to those of PD-MCI patients(M=22.00,SD=10.8),and between carers of PD-MCI and PDD patients(M=29.33,SD=9.59).Moreover,the proportion of carers showing clinically significant levels of burden(ZBI score≥21)also increased as the patients’cognitive status declined(18% for PD-N;60% for PD-MCI;and 80%for PDD)and was mirrored by an increasing amount of time spent providing care by the caregivers.Caregiver ZBI score was independent of patient neuropsychiatric symptoms,motor function,disease duration and time that caregivers spent caregiving.Caregiver use of different coping strategies increased with worsening cognition.However,we found only equivocal evidence that the use of problem-focused,emotion-focused and dysfunctional coping mediated the association between patient cognitive status and caregiver burden,because the inverse models that used caregiver burden as the mediator were also significant.Conclusions:The study highlights the impact of Parkinson’s disease on those providing care when the patient’s cognition is poor,including those with MCI.Caregiver well-being has important implications for caregiver support,nursing home placement and disease course. | Ann J.Jones Roeline G.Kuijer Leslie Livingston Daniel Myall Kyla Horne Michael MacAskill Toni Pitcher Paul T.Barrett Tim J.Anderson John C.Dalrymple-Alford | 2017 | Translational Neurodegeneration2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 3 | 使用生物素标记cDNA探针对RP和PPR进行鉴别诊断显示文摘在东南亚的大反刍动物中,牛瘟(RP)仍然是一个主要问题。1986年以来在印度一些州 RP 的发病记录一直呈上升趋势,它也是引起牛死亡的第三大地方病。山羊与绵羊的 RP 发病率也不断增加。而这些小反刍动物通常是牛的传染源。1980年在印度 Tamilnadu 地区,首次报道在绵羊中发生一种类似 RP 的病,'小反刍动物兽疫' (PP8)。该病的发病区似乎限制在西非和中东。PPR 引起坏死性口炎及牙龈和舌背面损害,鼻眼有卡他性的分泌物和腹泻,可导致死亡。 | K.D.Pandey M.D.Baron T.Barrett 李春华 | 1993 | 生物技术通报1993，9，12： | 0 |
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