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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Multimedia data-embedding and watermarking technologies 显示文摘 | Swanson M Kobayashi M Tewfik A | 1998 | Proceedings of the IEEE1998，86，6： | 2 |
| 3 | Human enamel thickness and ENAM polymorphism显示文摘The tooth enamel development gene, enamelin(ENAM), showed evidence of positive selection during a genome-wide scan of human and primate DNA for signs of adaptive evolution. The current study examined the hypothesis that a single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) C14625T(rs7671281) in the ENAM gene identified in the genome-wide scan is associated with a change in enamel phenotype. African Americans were selected as the target population, as they have been reported to have a target SNP frequency of approximately 50%, whereas non-Africans are predicted to have a 96% SNP frequency. Digital radiographs and DNA samples from 244 teeth in 133 subjects were analysed, and enamel thickness was assessed in relation to SNP status,controlling for age, sex, tooth number and crown length. Crown length was found to increase with molar number, and females were found to have thicker enamel. Teeth with larger crowns also had thicker enamel, and older subjects had thinner enamel.Linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to investigate the relationship between enamel thickness of the mandibular molars and ENAM SNP status; enamel in subjects with the derived allele was significantly thinner(P = 0.040)when the results were controlled for sex, age, tooth number and crown length. The derived allele demonstrated a recessive effect on the phenotype. The data indicate that thinner dental enamel is associated with the derived ENAM genotype. This is the first direct evidence of a dental gene implicated in human adaptive evolution as having a phenotypic effect on an oral structure. | Diane M Daubert Joanna L Kelley Yuriy G Udod Carolina Habor Chris G Kleist Ilona K Furman Igor N Tikonov Willie J Swanson Frank A Roberts | 2016 | International Journal of Oral Science2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 4 | A numerical analysis of heat pulse velocity theory and practice显示文摘 | Swanson R H Whitfield D W A | 1981 | Journal of Experimental Botany1981，32，： | 2 |
| 5 | Robust Audio Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking显示文摘 | Swanson M D Zhu Bin Tewfik A H | 1998 | Signal Processing1998，66，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Differential meiospore size and tolerance of ultraviolet light stress within and among kelp species along a depth gradient 显示文摘 | Swanson A K Druehl L D | 2000 | Mar Biol2000，136，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Methionine sulfoximine reduces cortical infarct size in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion显示文摘 | Swanson R A Shiraishi K Morton MT | 1990 | Stroke1990，21，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Infantile hemangiomas: an emerging health issue linked to an increased rate of low birth weight infants 显示文摘 | DROLET B A SWANSON E A FRIEDEN I J | 2008 | J Pediatr2008，153，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Monoclonal anticodies for immunoassay of avermeetins 显示文摘 | Schmidt D J Clarkson C E Swanson T A | 1990 | J Agriec Food Chem1990，38，： | 1 |
| 10 | Optical coherence tomography显示文摘 | HUANG D SWANSON E A LIN C P | 1991 | 254(5035):1178-11811991，254，5035： | 1 |
| 11 | Multimedia data embedding and watermarking techniques 显示文摘 | SWANSON M D KOBAYASHI M TEWFIK A H | 1998 | Proceedings of the IEEE1998，86，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Stage specific guidelines for surveillance after radical nephrectomy for local renal cell carcinoma 显示文摘 | LEVY D A SLATON J W SWANSON D A | 1998 | J Urol1998，159，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Low plasma D - dimer concentration predicts the absence of traumatic brain injury in children显示文摘 | SWANSON C A BURNS J C PETERSON B M | 2010 | J Trauma2010，65，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Epigenetic regulation of milk production in dairy cows显示文摘 | Singh K Erdman R A Swanson K M | 2010 | Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia2010，15，1： | 1 |
| 15 | A numerical analysis of heat velocity theory and practice 显示文摘 | Swanson R H Whitefield D W A | 1981 | Journal of Experimental Botany1981，32，： | 1 |
| 16 | Analysis of impact response in composite plates显示文摘 | CHRISTOFOROU A P SWANSON S R | 1991 | International Journal of Solids and Structures1991，27，2： | 1 |
| 17 | The Seasat Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer(SMMR):Radio-metric Calibration Algorithm Development and Perfo-rmance显示文摘 | SWANSON P RILEY A L | 1980 | IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering1980，5，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Characterization of phycocyanin produced by cpcE and cpcF mutants and identification of an intergenic suppressor of the defect in bilin attachment显示文摘 | Swanson R V Zhou J Leary J A | 1992 | J Biol Chem1992，267，16： | 1 |
| 19 | Microbialinactivation of foods by pulsed electric fields显示文摘 | Castro A J Barbosa-Canovas G V Swanson B G | 1993 | J Food Proc Preserv1993，17，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Multimedia Data Embedding and Watermarking Technologies显示文摘 | Swanson D M Kobayashi M Tewfik A H | 1998 | Proceedings of IEEE (S0018-9219)1998，86，7： | 1 |
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