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| 1 | Quantification of organic carbon and primary nutrients in litter and soil in a foothill forest plantation of eastern Himalaya显示文摘The present study was an effort to understand the amount of litter fall and its subsequent decomposition and quantify the release of available nutrients and soil physicochemical characteristics in plantations of four forest tree species(Lagerstroemia parviflora, Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta and Michelia champaca) in the Chilapatta Reserve Forest of the Cooch Behar Wildlife Division in the Terai zone of West Bengal, India. The most litter(5.61 Mg ha^(-1))was produced by T. grandis plantation and the least(4.72 Mg ha^(-1)) by L. parviflora. The material turnover rate to the soil through decomposition from total litter was fastest during the first quarter of the year and subsequently decreased during the next two quarters. The material turnover rate was only 1 year, which indicates that more than90% of the total litter produced decomposed within a year.The available primary nutrient content in litter varied across the four plantations over the year. The plantations generally did not significantly influence the soil physical characteristics but did significantly influence the availability of primary nutrients and organic carbon at two depths(1–15 and16–30 cm) over the year. The availability of soil primary nutrients in the four plantations also increased gradually from the first quarter of the year to the third quarter and then decreased during the last quarter to the same level as in the first quarter of the year at both depths. The availability for soil organic carbon in the plantations followed a similar trend. The amount of litter produced and the material turnover in the soil in the different plantations differed, influencing the nutrient availability and organic carbon at the plantations. The amount of soil organic carbon was highest for T. grandis(2.52 Mg ha^(-1)) and lowest for L. parviflora(2.12 Mg ha^(-1)). Litter is the source of soil organic matter,and more the litter that is produced by the plantations, the higher will be the content and amount of soil organic carbon in the plantation. | Gopal Shukla Nazir A. Pala Sumit Chakravarty | 2017 | Journal of Forestry Research2017，28，6： | 4 |
| 2 | 印度,孟加拉西部的Terai地区的大叶合欢预处理及标准化豆荚采集时间和豆荚长度(英文)显示文摘在孟加拉西部的Pundibari地区,研究在4个采集(豆荚)时间,3个采集豆荚长度(<10cm,10-20cm和>20cm),以及进行的13种预处理对大叶合欢种苗生长和萌发率的影响。豆荚采集时间为2月19日,且没有任何预处理,大叶合欢种子萌发率为92.5%。这明确表明,在2月19日采集的种子具有非休眠,有活力和生理成熟的特性。从长度为10-20 cm豆荚剥离出的种子,2月19日播种,种苗生长良好。利用硫脲预处理种子后,种子的萌发率并没有表现出明显提高,但是当利用低浓度硫脲(100 μL·L-1)预处理种子后,有利于种苗生长。 | Suman Malla Gopal Shukla Sumit Chakravarty | 2010 | Journal of Forestry Research2010，21，3： | 0 |
| 3 | Plant diversity at Chilapatta Reserve Forest of Terai Duars in subhumid tropical foothills of Indian Eastern Himalayas显示文摘From March 2007 to March 2009 we quantified plant diversity at Chilapatta Reserve Forest in Terai Duars in the Indian eastern Himalayas. We sampled stratified random nested quadrats. Species richness was 311, representing 167 genera and 81 families. The species diversity index and concentration of dominance of the forest were 2.20 and 0.0072, respectively. Shannon-Wiener index and evenness indices were 4.77 and 1.44, respectively. The Importance Value Index(IVI) of species ranged from 0.13 to 37.94. The estimated diversity indices indicated heterogeneity of the forest in its composition, structure, function and dynamics. Rich forest plant diversity supports the need for continued conservation of tropical forests. | Gopal Shukla Rajib Biswas A. P. Das Sumit Chakravarty | 2014 | Journal of Forestry Research2014，25，3： | 0 |
| 4 | Fern diversity and biomass at Chilapatta reserve forest of West Bengal Terai Duars in sub-humid tropical foothills of Indian eastern Himalayas显示文摘We documented the status of fern diversity,biomass and carbon accumulation at Chilapatta Reserve Forest in Cooch Behar Wildlife Division,West Bengal.Stratified random nested quadrat sampling was adopted for analyzing the qualitative and quantitative characters.Nineteen fern species were recorded,of which two are yet to be identified.Identified species were of eight families and nine genera.Highest and lowest frequency recorded were 25.44 and 0.19 while relative frequency varied from 3.16 to 12.25.Fern density ranged from 93 to 13,403 individuals·ha-1.Most of the species were widely distributed.IVI values ranged from 7.54 to 37.45.The above ground portion of ferns accumulated the major portion of biomass and carbon. | Gopal Shukla Sumit Chakravarty | 2012 | Journal of Forestry Research2012，23，4： | 0 |
| 5 | An Efficient Hybrid PAPR Reduction for 5G NOMA-FBMC Waveforms显示文摘The article introduces Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)and Filter Bank Multicarrier(FBMC),known as hybrid waveform(NOMAFBMC),as two of the most deserving contenders for fifth-generation(5G)network.High spectrum access and clampdown of spectrum outflow are unique characteristics of hybrid NOMA-FBMC.We compare the spectral efficiency of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM),FBMC,NOMA,and NOMA-FBMC.It is seen that the hybrid waveform outperforms the existing waveforms.Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR)is regarded as a significant issue in multicarrier waveforms.The combination of Selective Mapping-Partial Transmit Sequence(SLM-PTS)is an effective way to minimize large peak power inclination.The SLM,PTS,and SLM-PTS procedures are applied to the NOMA-FBMC waveform.This hybrid structure is applied to the existing waveforms.Further,the correlated factors like Bit Error Rate(BER)and Computational Overhead(CO)are studied and computed for these waveforms.The outcome of the work reveals that the NOMA-FBMC waveform coupled with the SLM-PTS algorithm offers superior performance as compared to the prevailing systems. | Arun Kumar Sivabalan Ambigapathy Mehedi Masud Emad Sami Jaha Sumit Chakravarty Kanchan Sengar | 2021 | Computers, Materials & Continua2021，，12： | 0 |
| 6 | Power Domain Multiplexing Waveform for 5G Wireless Networks显示文摘Power domain non-orthogonal multiple access combined with a universal filtered multi-carrier(NOMA-UFMC)has the potential to cope with fifth generation(5G)unprecedented challenges.NOMA employs powerdomainmultiplexing to support several users,whereasUFMC is robust to timing and frequency misalignments.Unfortunately,NOMA-UFMC waveform has a high peak-to-average power(PAPR)issue that creates a negative affect due to multicarrier modulations,rendering it is inefficient for the impending 5G mobile and wireless networks.Therefore,this article seeks to presents a discrete Hartley transform(DHT)pre-coding-based NOMA enabled universal filter multicarrier(UFMC)(DHT-NOMA-UFMC)waveform design for lowering the high PAPR.Additionally,DHT precoding also takes frequency advantage variations in the multipath wireless channel to get significant bit error rate(BER)gain.In the recommended arrangement,the throughput of the systemis improved by multiplexing the users in the power domain and permitting the users with good and bad channel conditions to concurrently access the apportioned resources.The simulation outcomes divulge that the projected algorithm accomplished a gain of 5.8 dB as related to the conventional framework.Hence,it is established that the proposed DHT-NOMA-UFMC outperforms the existing NOMA-UFMC waveform.The key benefit of the proposed method over the other waveforms proposed for 5G is content gain due to the power domain multiplexing at the transmitting side.Thus,a huge count of mobile devices could be supported under specific restrictions.DHTNOMA-UFMC can be regarded as the most effective applications for 5G Mobile andWireless Networks.However,the main drawback of the proposed method is that the Fourier peak and phase signal is not easily estimated. | Korhan Cengiz Imran Baig Sumit Chakravarty Arun Kumar Mahmoud A.Albreem Mohammed H.Alsharif Peerapong Uthansakul Jamel Nebhen Ayman A.Aly | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，1： | 0 |
| 7 | PAPR Reduction Using Advanced Partial Transmission Scheme for 5G Waveforms显示文摘The implementation of Peak Average to Power Ratio(PAPR)reduction technologies will play an important role in the regularization of Fifth Generation(5G)radio communication.PAPR reduction in the advanced waveform will be the key part of designing a 5G network for different applications.This work introduces the simulation of an Advanced Partial Transmission Sequence(A-PTS)reduction techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)and Filter Bank Multi-Carrier(FBMC)transmission schemes.In the projected A-PTS,the FBMC signals are mapped into the number of sub-blocks and Inverse Fast Fourier transform(IFFT)is performed to estimate the high peak power in the time domain.The FBMC sub-blocks are multiplied with the phase elements to achieve an optimal PAPR value.A MATLAB 2014v simulation is used to estimate the PAPR,Bit Error Rate(BER),Error Vector Magnitude(EVM),and Modulation Error Rate(MER)performance of the proposed reduction schemes.The simulated result reveals that the performance of the projected algorithm is better than the conventional algorithms. | Arun Kumar Sumit Chakravarty SSuganya Mehedi Masud Sultan Aljahdali | 2022 | Computer Systems Science & Engineering2022，42，8： | 0 |
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