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| 1 | Vitamin D:A new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?显示文摘Vitamin D through its active form 1a-25-dihydroxyvtamin D[1,25(OH)2D]is a secosteroid hormone that plays a key role in mineral metabolism.Recent years have witnessed a significant scientific interest on vitamin D and expanded its actions to include immune modulation,cell differentiation and proliferation and inflammation regulation.As our understanding of the many functions of vitamin D has grown,the presence of vitamin D deficiency has become one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies worldwide.Concomitantly,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in western countries.NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency often coexist and epidemiologic evidence has shown that both of these conditions share several cardiometabolic risk factors.In this article we provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology linking NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency,as well as the available evidence on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD. | Myrto Eliades Elias Spyrou | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，6： | 18 |
| 2 | Selenium and the Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems显示文摘Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small ubiquitous dithiol protein which together with the FADcontaining enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TR) and NADPH (the Trx system) is a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase essential for DNA synthesis and a general protein disulfide reductase involved in redox regulation. Selenite, selenodiglutathione (GS-Se-SG) and selenocystine are efficiently reduced by thioredoxins and also directly by NADPH and mammalian TR but not by the E. coli enzyme. Incubation of selenite or GS-Se-SG with the Trx system or with mammalian TR results in a rapid formation of selenide, which by redox cycling with oxygen may cause a large non-stoichiometric oxidation of NADPH. Selenocystine is efficiently reduced into two molecules of the selenol amino acid selenocysteine by mammalian TR with a Km-value (6μmol·L-1 ) and a high turnover number (kcat, 3200 min-1) almost identical to the natural substrate Trx-S2. TR also directly reduces lipid hydroperoxides and this peroxidase reaction is strongly stimulated by the presence of catalytic amounts of free selenocysteine. Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the hut-nan plasrna glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Selenate is reduced by Grx and Trx in the presence of GSH. The DNA-binding of the transcription factor AP-1 is strongly inhibited by GS-Se-SG and selenite. Furtherrnore, selenide formed by TR-mediated reduction of selenite and GS-Se-SG inhibits lipoxygenase and changes the electron spin resonance spectrum of the active site iron. Mammalian TR with two subunits of 57 kDa has recently been cloned and shown to be homologous to glutathione reductase. The rat enzyme contains a selenocysteine residue in a unique Cterminal position and a conserved SEClS sequence directing insertion of the selenocysteine. The discovery of selenocysteine in mammalian TR may explain the broad substrate specificity of the enzyme and the requirement of seleflium for cell | MIKAEL BJORNSTEDT SUSHIL KUMAR LINDA BJ■RKHEM GIANNIS SPYROU AND ARNE HOLMGREN(The Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Bioscience, | 1997 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1997，10，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 have opposed regulatory functions on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α显示文摘 | Zhou J Damdimopoulos AE Spyrou G | 2007 | J Biol Chem2007，282，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Elemental composition of betel nut and associated chewing materials显示文摘 | RIDGE C AKANLE O SPYROU N M | 2001 | Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry2001，249，1： | 1 |
| 5 | The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on scarring显示文摘 | Spyrou GE Naylor IL | 2002 | Br J Plast Surg2002，55，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Displacement measurement in studies of steel T-stub connections显示文摘 | Spyrou S Davison J B | 2001 | Journal of Constructional Steel Research2001，57，： | 1 |
| 7 | Analytical Expressions of Capsize Boundary for a Ship with Roll Bias in Beam Waves 显示文摘 | Spyrou K J Cotton B Gurd B | 2002 | Journal of Ship Research2002，，46： | 1 |
| 8 | MeDIP real-time qPCR of maternal peripheral blood reliably identifies trisomy 21 显示文摘 | Tsaliki E Papageorgiou E A Spyrou C | 2012 | Prenat Diagn2012，32，10： | 1 |
| 9 | A prospec-tive evaluation of occult disorders in obstructed defeca-tion using the 'iceberg diagram '显示文摘 | Pescatori M Spyrou M Pulvirenti dUrso A | 2007 | Colorectal Dis2007，9，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Design study of a stand-alone desalina- tion system powered by renewable energy sources and a pumped storage unit 显示文摘 | Ioannis D Spyrou | 2010 | Desalination2010，257，： | 1 |
| 11 | The effect of basic fibroblasts growth factor on scarring显示文摘 | Spyrou GE Naylor IL | 2002 | Br J Plast Surg2002，55，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Cytokine release by osteoblast-like cells cultured on implant discs of varying alloy compositions显示文摘 | Spyrou P Papaioannou S Hampson G | 2002 | Clin Oral Implants Res2002，13，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Restrictive cardiomyopathies显示文摘 | Spyrou N Foale R | 1994 | Curr Opin Cardid1994，9，： | 1 |
| 14 | Inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding by nitric oxide involving conserved cysteine residues in Jun and Fos显示文摘 | Nikitovic D Holmgren A Spyrou G | 1998 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1998，242，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Pathogenesis of experimental encephalomyocarditis:a histopathological,immunohistochemical and virological study in mice显示文摘 | PSALLA D PSYCHAS V SPYROU V | 2006 | J Comp Pathol2006，135，23： | 1 |
| 16 | Cloning and expres- sion of a novel mammalian thioredoxin 显示文摘 | Spyrou G Enmark E Miranda-Vizuete A | 1997 | The Journal of Biologi- cal Chemistrv1997，272，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Meta -analy- sis: vitamin D and non - alcoholic fatty liver disease 显示文摘 | ELIADES M SPYROU E AGRAWAL N | 2013 | Aliment Pharmacol Ther2013，38，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Displacement measurement in studies of steel T - stub connections 显示文摘 | Spyrou S Davison J B | 2001 | Journal of Constructional Steel Research2001，57，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Is inflammation a significant predictor of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy?显示文摘 | Christos P. Georgiades Theodoros N. Mavromatis Georgia C. Kourlaba Stylianos A. Kapiris Eugenios G. Bairamides Andreas M. Spyrou Charalambos N. Kokkinos Christina S. Spyratou Marios I. Ieronymou Georgios I. Diamantopoulos | 2008 | Surgical Endoscopy2008，，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Efficacy of coronary angioplasty for treatment of hibernating myocardium显示文摘 | Beatt K J Spyrou N | 1999 | Heart1999，2，： | 1 |
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