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| 1 | Blood pressure gradients in cerebral arteries:a clue to pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease显示文摘rationale The role of hypertension in cerebral small vessel disease is poorly understood.At the base of the brain(the‘vascular centrencephalon’),short straight arteries transmit blood pressure directly to small resistance vessels;the cerebral convexity is supplied by long arteries with many branches,resulting in a drop in blood pressure.Hypertensive small vessel disease(lipohyalinosis)causes the classically described lacunar infarctions at the base of the brain;however,periventricular white matter intensities(WMIs)seen on MRI and WMI in subcortical areas over the convexity,which are often also called‘lacunes’,probably have different aetiologies.Objectives We studied pressure gradients from proximal to distal regions of the cerebral vasculature by mathematical modelling.Methods and results Blood flow/pressure equations were solved in an Anatomically Detailed Arterial Network(ADAN)model,considering a normotensive and a hypertensive case.Model parameters were suitably modified to account for structural changes in arterial vessels in the hypertensive scenario.Computations predict a marked drop in blood pressure from large and medium-sized cerebral vessels to cerebral peripheral beds.When blood pressure in the brachial artery is 192/113 mm Hg,the pressure in the small arterioles of the posterior parietal artery bed would be only 117/68 mm Hg.In the normotensive case,with blood pressure in the brachial artery of 117/75 mm Hg,the pressure in small parietal arterioles would be only 59/38 mm Hg.conclusion These findings have important implications for understanding small vessel disease.The marked pressure gradient across cerebral arteries should be taken into account when evaluating the pathogenesis of small WMIs on MRI.Hypertensive small vessel disease,affecting the arterioles at the base of the brain should be distinguished from small vessel disease in subcortical regions of the convexity and venous disease in the periventricular white matter. | Pablo J Blanco Lucas O Müller J David Spence | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，3： | 9 |
| 2 | Association of homocysteine and smoking with cerebral microemboli in patients with mechanical heart valves:a transcranial Doppler study显示文摘Objectives Microembolic signals(MES)on transcranial Doppler(TCD)predict stroke and cognitive decline.Plasma levels of total homocysteine(tHcy),a prothrombotic factor,are higher in patients with microemboli in carotid stenosis and in patients with paradoxical embolism.In this study we assessed the association between the level of tHcy and the number of MES in patients with mechanical heart valves(MHVs).Methods TCD monitoring was performed to detect MES before and after breathing 100% oxygen and repeated every 2-4 weeks up to six times.results Twenty-five patients with MHVs(mean age:63.60±10.15 years)participated in this study;15 were men(66.47±7.25 years)and 10 were women(59.30±12.60 years).In total,there were 126 study visits.In multiple regression,higher tHcy was associated with more MES in both preoxygenation(OR 1.34(95%CI 1.07 to 1.68,P=0.009))and postoxygenation(OR 1.40(95% CI 1.07 to 1.83,P=0.01))phases.Current smoking and the length of time between the operation and monitoring also correlated with a higher number of MES before and after breathing oxygen,particularly in women.conclusions Higher tHcy and smoking were associated with a higher MES count in both preoxygenation and postoxygenation phases.Because smoking can be stopped and hyperhomocysteinaemia is treatable,these are clinically important findings. | Alicia Mattia M Reza Azarpazhooh Claudio Munoz Chrysi Bogiatzi Mackenzie A Quantz J David Spence | 2017 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2017，2，4： | 2 |
| 3 | Job Market Signaling显示文摘 | Spence M | 1973 | The Quarterly Journal of Economics1973，87，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Content - Centered Collaboration Spaces in the Cloud 显示文摘 | ERICKSON J S SPENCE S RHODES M | 2009 | IEEE Internet Computing2009，13，5： | 1 |
| 5 | The treatment of childhood social phobia :The effectiveness of involvement 显示文摘 | Spence S H Donovan C Brechman - Toussaint M | 2000 | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry2000，41，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Petri M Perez-Gutthann S Spence D | 1992 | Am J Med1992，93，： | 1 |
| 7 | Melato- nin in mood disorders 显示文摘 | SRINIVASAN V SMITS M SPENCE W | 2006 | Worht J Biol Psychiatry2006，7，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Bi-metal CRA- lined pipe employed for north sea field development显示文摘 | Spence M A Roscoe C V | 1999 | Oil& Gas Journal1999，97，18： | 1 |
| 9 | Melatonin in mood disorders显示文摘 | Srinivasan V Smits M Spence W | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Job market signaling 显示文摘 | Spence A M | 1973 | Quarterly Journal of Economics1973，87，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Melatonin in mood disorders显示文摘 | Srinivasan V Smits M Spence W | 2006 | World J Biol Psychiatry2006，7，： | 1 |
| 12 | The effects of impurities on the ideal tensile strength of silicon显示文摘 | HUANG M SPENCE J C H SANKEY O F | 1994 | Philosophical Magazine a-Physics of Condensed of Matter Structure Defects and Mechanical Properties1994，70，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Coronary artery disease risk factors in the Johns Hopkins lupus cohort: prevalence, recognition by patients, and preventive practices显示文摘 | Petri M Spence D Bone LR | 1992 | Medicine (Baltimore)1992，71，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Electron-energy-loss near-edge structure of Be2C显示文摘 | Disko M M Spence J C H Sankey O F | 1986 | Phys Rev B1986，33，： | 1 |
| 15 | Cost reduction, competition, and industry performance显示文摘 | Spence M | 1984 | Econometrtica1984，52，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Job Market Signaling 显示文摘 | Spence A M | 1973 | The Quarterly Journal of Economics1973，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Resistance of species of theDrosophilamelanogaster subgroupto environmental extremes显示文摘 | StanleyS M Parsons P A Spence G E | 1980 | Australian Journalo{ Zoology1980，28，： | 1 |
| 18 | Characterizing the thermal regime of cold vents at the northern Cascadiamargin from bottom-simulating reflector distributions, heat-probe measurements and borehole temperature data显示文摘 | Riedel M Tréhu A Spence G | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Optimization studies of carbon additives to negative active material for the purpose of extending the life of VRLA batteries in high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation显示文摘 | Boden D P Loosemore D V Spence M A | 2010 | Journal of Power Sources2010，195，14： | 1 |
| 20 | Nonlinear prices and welfare显示文摘 | SPENCE M | 1977 | Journal of Public Economics1977，8，： | 1 |
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