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| 1 | Some Suggested Future Directions ofQuantitative Resource Assessments显示文摘Future quantitative assessments will be expected to estimate quantities, values, and locations of undiscovered mineral resources in a form that conveys both economic viability and uncertainty associated with the resources. Historically, declining metal prices point to the need for larger deposits over time. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the greatest opportunity for reducing uncertainty in assessments lies in lowering uncertainty associated with tonnage estimates. Of all errors possible in assessments, these affecting tonnage estimates are by far the most important. Selecting the correct deposit model is the most important way of controlling errors because of the dominance of tonnage-deposit models are the best known predictors of tonnage. Much of the surface is covered with apparently barren rocks and sediments in many large regions. Because many exposed mineral deposits are believed to have been found, a prime concern is the presence of possible mineralized rock under cover. Assessments of areas with resources under cover must rely on extrapolation from surrounding areas, new geologic maps of rocks under cover, or analogy with other well-explored areas that can be considered training tracts. Cover has a profound effect on uncertainty and on methods and procedures of assessments because geology is seldom known and geophysical methods typically have attenuated responses. Many earlier assessment methods were based on relationships of geochemical and geophysical variables to deposits learned from deposits exposed on the surface-these will need to be relearned based on covered deposits. Mineral-deposit models are important in quantitative resource assessments for two reasons: (1) grades and tonnages of most deposit types are significantly different, and (2) deposit types are present in different geologic settings that can be identified from geologic maps. Mineral-deposit models are the keystone in combining the diverse geoscience information on geology, mineral occurrences, geophysics, and geochemistry used in resource assessments and mineral exploration. Grade and tonnage models and development of quantitative descriptive, economic, and deposit density models will help reduce the uncertainty of these new assessments. | Singer Donald A U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA | 2001 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2001，12，1： | 15 |
| 2 | RANKL/RANK control Brca1 mutation-driven mammary tumors显示文摘 | Verena Sig Kwadwo Owusu-Boaitey Puma A Joshi Anoop Kavirayani Gerald Wimsberger Maria Novatchkova Ivona Kozieradzki Daniel Schramek Nnamdi Edokobi Jerome Hersl Aishia Sampson Ashley Odai-Afotey Conxi Lazaro Eva Gonzalez-Suarez Miguel A Pujaaa for CIMBA Holger Heyn Enrique Vidal Jennifer Cru. ickshank Hal Berman Renu Sarao Melita Tieevic Iris Uribesalgo Luigi Tortola Shuan Rao Yen Tan Georg Pfeiler Eva YHP Lee Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath Lukas Kenner Helmuth Popper Christian Singer Rama Khokha LaundeRe P Jones Josef M Penninger | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，7： | 3 |
| 3 | 伦理学与SARS:多伦多的教训显示文摘SARS的流行说明传染病在世界范围内流行是件多么容易的事,为了更好地应对下一次流行病,我们不仅要解决医学方面的问题,也同样需要解决伦理学方面的问题。 | Peter A Singer Solomon R Benatar Mark Bernstein Abdallah S Daar Bernard M Dickens Susan K MacRae Ross E G Upshur Linda Wright Randi Zlotnik Shaul 肖月 | 2004 | 英国医学杂志中文版2004，7，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Androgen synthesis inhibitors in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer显示文摘gonadal 睾丸激素合成的抑制首先代表标准为变形前列腺癌症的治疗的线治疗。在得阉割抵抗的前列腺癌症(CRPC ) 的病人的多数,然而,通过自己在肾上腺或在肿瘤以内生产的雄激素检测雄激素受体(AR ) 的坚持的激活是可能的。Abiraterone 醋酸盐作为 17 α 与活动作为双功能的细胞色素 P450 酶 CYP17 的一个不可逆的禁止者被开发; -hydroxylase 和 17,20-lyase。CYP17 为从胆固醇的 nongonadal 雄激素的生产是必要的。基于与 abiraterone 和泼尼松对泼尼松在全面幸存(OS ) 显示出重要改进的阶段 III 试用,在 2011 的 abiraterone 的规章的赞同代表了指向 AR 为与 CRPC 在人改进结果是必要的原则的证明。 17 α 的抑制;由 abiraterone 的 -hydroxylase 由于垂体的调停皮质醇的抑制的损失导致在上游的 mineralocorticoids 的累积促肾上腺皮质的荷尔蒙( ACTH ),为 17,20-lyase 为 CYP17 禁止者的开发向一个基本原理提供增加的特性( orteronel , galeterone 和 VT-464 )没有外长的 corticosteroids ,那能潜在地被管理。在这篇文章,我们考察 abiraterone 和另外的 CYP17 禁止者的发展;有 abiraterone 的最近的研究在 quality-of-life,反应的潜在的早预言者,并且关于另外的代理人的 abiraterone 的最佳的定序上通知我们的理解象药效果那样的临床的参数;并且提供卓见进抵抗机制给导致临床的试用,药联合设计了延长 abiraterone 利益或恢复 abiraterone 活动的 CYP17 禁止者的翻译研究结果。 | Mark N Stein | 2014 | Asian Journal of Andrology2014，16，3： | 3 |
| 5 | Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma显示文摘Renal cell carcinomas(RCC)make up about 90%of kidney cancers,of which 80%are of the clear cell subtype.About 20%of patients are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis.Initial treatment is often cytoreductive nephrectomy,but systemic therapy is required for advanced RCC.Single agent targeted therapies are moderately toxic and only somewhat effective,leading to development of immunotherapies and combination therapies.This review identifies limitations of monotherapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma,discusses recent advances in combination therapies,and highlights therapeutic options under development.The goal behind combining various modalities of systemic therapy is to potentiate a synergistic antitumor effect.However,combining targeted therapies may cause increased toxicity.The initial attempts to create therapeutic combinations based on inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor or mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were largely unsuccessful in achieving a profile of increased synergy without increased toxicity.To date,five combination therapies have been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration,with the most recently approved therapies being a combination of checkpoint inhibition plus targeted therapy.Several other combination therapies are under development,including some in the phase 3 stage.The new wave of combination therapies for metastatic RCC has the potential to increase response rates and improve survival outcomes while maintaining tolerable side effect profiles. | Viraj V Khetani Daniella E Portal Mansi R Shah Tina Mayer Eric A Singer | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2020，11，8： | 2 |
| 6 | Management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: an update显示文摘 | Phillip A Low Wolfgang Singer | 2008 | Lancet Neurology2008，，5： | 2 |
| 7 | The paleoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals in soils and weathering profiles显示文摘 | Singer A | 1980 | Earth Science Reviews1980，15，： | 2 |
| 8 | Rheological properties of aqueous suspensions of palygorskite显示文摘 | NEAMAN A SINGER A | 2000 | Soil Science Society of America Journal2000，64，1： | 1 |
| 9 | The removal of organic halide precur'~rs by preozonation and alum coagulation显示文摘 | Reekhow D A Singer P C | 1984 | J AWWA1984，76，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction 显示文摘 | Rudiger A Singer M | 2007 | Crit Care Med2007，35，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Bench-to-bedside review:potential strategies to protect or reverse mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis-induced organ failure显示文摘 | Protti A Singer M | 2006 | Crit Care2006，10，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Transient source current formulation for the analysis of arbitrarily shaped dielectric/conducting composite structures 显示文摘 | Ramin A Singer H | 2010 | Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements2010，34，5： | 1 |
| 13 | The transtheoretical model and primary care:“The Times They Are A Changin”显示文摘 | Singer E A | 2007 | J Am Acad Nurse Pract2007，19，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Kinetics of hydrolysis of some palygorskite-containing soil clays in dilute salt solutions显示文摘 | Neaman A Singer A | 2000 | Clays and Clay Minerals2000，48，6： | 1 |
| 15 | The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mediates estrogen neuroprotection after glutamate toxicity in primary corti- cal neurons 显示文摘 | SINGER C A FIGUEROA-MASOT X A BATCHELOR R H | 1999 | J Neurosci1999，19，7： | 1 |
| 16 | The endometrial ablator: a new instrument 显示文摘 | Neuwirth RS Duran AA Singer A | 1994 | Obstet Gynecol1994，83，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Minimum mean squared error equalization using a priori information显示文摘 | Tuchler M Singer A C and Koetter R | 2002 | IEEE Transactions on Siqnal Processing2002，50，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Chemical and spectroscopic properties of leaf litter and decomposed organic matter in the Carmel Range, Israel显示文摘 | Gressel N Inbar Y Singer A | 1995 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry1995，27，1： | 1 |
| 19 | A real time optoelectronic device as an adjunct to the Pap smear for cervical screening: a multicenter evaluation 显示文摘 | Singer A Coppleson M Canfell K | 2003 | Int J Gynecol Cancer2003，13，： | 1 |
| 20 | Risk factor for invasive cervix cancer in young women显示文摘 | Cuzick J Sasicni P Singer A | 1996 | Eur J Cancer1996，32，5： | 1 |
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