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| 1 | Hepatic encephalopathy:Lessons from preclinical studies显示文摘Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a major complication that is closely related to the progression of end-stage liver disease.Metabolic changes in advanced liver failure can promote cognition impairment,attention deficits and motor dysfunction that may result in coma and death.HE can be subdivided according to the type of hepatic injury,namely,type A,which results from acute liver failure,type B,which is associated with a portosystemic shunting without intrinsic liver disease,and type C,which is due to chronic liver disease.Several studies have investigated the pathogenesis of the disease,and most of the mechanisms have been explored using animal models.This article aimed to review the use of preclinical models to investigate HE.The most used animal species are rats and mice.Experimental models of type A HE include surgical procedures and the administration of hepatotoxic medications,whereas models of types B and C HE are generally surgically induced lesions in liver tissue,which evolve to hepatic cirrhosis.Preclinical models have allowed the comprehension of the pathways related to HE. | Luiza Cioglia Dias Lima Aline Silva Miranda Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira Milene Alvarenga Rachid Ana Cristina Sim?es e Silva | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis in children: A challenge for pediatric hepatologists显示文摘Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory liver disorder that is rare in children and adolescents. AIH has a broad clinical spectrum and a quick response to treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medication. The available diagnosis criteria have limitations and should be evaluated in pediatric populations. Recently, some studies reported that the 2008 simplified diagnostic criteria for AIH could be used in children with high sensibility and specificity. In addition, the authors reported that globulin and immunoglobulin G levels can be used interchangeably for diagnostic purposes. They also demonstrated that the 2008 simplified criteria fail in identifying patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Here, we discuss the limitations of the use of these criteria in pediatric patients and the requirement of more studies to improve the diagnosis of AIH in children. | Priscila Menezes Ferri Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira Débora Marques Miranda Ana Cristina Sim■es e Silva | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，33： | 3 |
| 3 | Serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme as a biomarker of liver fibrosis显示文摘The renin angiotensin system(RAS) is classically conceived as a circulating hormonal system involved in blood pressure control and hydroelectrolyte balance. The discovery that RAS components are locally expressed in a wide range of organs and tissues,including the liver,pointed to a role for this system in the pathogenesis of several conditions including hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. It has been widely reported that the classical RAS axis composed by the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)-angiotensin(Ang) Ⅱ-Ang type 1(AT1) receptor mediates pro-inflammatory,pro-thrombotic,and pro-fibrotic processes. On the other hand,the alternative axis comprising ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor seems to play a protective role by frequently opposing Ang Ⅱ action. Chronic hepatitis B(CHB) is one of the leading causes of liver fibrosis,accounting for the death of nearly one million people worldwide. Liver fibrosis is a key factor to determine therapeutic interventions for patients with CHB. However,the establishment of non-invasive and accurate methods to detect reversible stages of liver fibrosis is still a challenge. In an elegant study published in the 36 th issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Noguchi et al showed the predictive value of serum ACE levels in detecting not only advanced stages of liver fibrosis but also initial and intermediate fibrotic stages. The serum levels of ACE might represent an accurate,non-invasive,widely available,and easy method to evaluate fibrosis related to CHB. Moreover,therapies involving the inhibition of the classical RAS axis components might be promising in the control of CHB-related liver fibrosis. | Aline Silva Miranda Ana Cristina Sim?es e Silva | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，48： | 2 |
| 4 | Effect of propranolol on the splanchnic and peripheral renin angiotensin system in cirrhotic patients显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of β-blockade on angiotensins in the splanchnic and peripheral circulation of cirrhotic patients and also to compare hemodynamic parameters during liver transplantation according to propranolol pre-treatment or not. METHODS:Patients were allocated into two groups:outpatients with advanced liver disease(LD) and during liver transplantation(LT). Both groups were subdivided according to treatment with propranolol or not. Plasma was collected through peripheral venipuncture to determine plasma renin activity(PRA),Angiotensin(Ang) Ⅰ,Ang Ⅱ,and Ang-(1-7) levels by radioimmunoassay in LD group. During liver transplantation,hemodynamic parameters were determined and blood samples were obtained from the portal vein to measure renin angiotensin system(RAS) components.RESULTS:PRA,Ang Ⅰ,Ang Ⅱ and Ang-(1-7) were signifi cantly lower in the portal vein and periphery in all subgroups treated with propranolol as compared to non-treated. The relationships between Ang-(1-7) and Ang Ⅰ levels and between Ang Ⅱ and Ang Ⅰ were significantly increased in LD group receiving propranolol. The ratio between Ang-(1-7) and Ang Ⅱ remained unchanged in splanchnic and peripheral circulation in patients under β-blockade,whereas the relationship between Ang Ⅱ and Ang Ⅰ was significantly increased in splanchnic circulation of LT patients treated with propranolol. During liver transplantation,cardiac output and index as well systemic vascular resistance and index were reduced in propranolol-treated subgroup. CONCLUSION:In LD group,propranolol treatment reduced RAS mediators,but did not change the ratio between Ang-(1-7) and Ang Ⅱ in splanchnic and peripheral circulation. Furthermore,the modification of hemodynamic parameters in propranolol treated patients was not associated with changes in the angiotensin ratio. | Walkíria Wingester Vilas-Boas Antnio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr Renata da Cunha Ribeiro Renata Lúcia Pereira Vieira Jerusa Almeida Ana Paula Nadu Ana Cristina Sim■es e Silva Robson Augusto Souza Santos | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，44： | 2 |
| 5 | Development of hepatorenal syndrome in bile duct ligated rats显示文摘AIM: To evaluate in bile duct ligated rats whether there were progressive alterations of renal function without changes in histopathology. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were submitted to sham-surgery or bile duct ligation (BDL) and divided according to the post-procedure time (2, 4 and 6-wk). To determine renal function parameters, rats wereplaced in metabolic cages and, at the end of the experiment, blood and urine samples were obtained. Histology and hydroxyproline content were analyzed in liver and renal tissue. RESULTS: Rats with 2 wk of BDL increased free water clearance (P = 0.02), reduced urinary osmolality (P = 0.03) and serum creatinine (P = 0.01) in comparison to the sham group. In contrast, rats at 6 wk of BDL showed features of HRS, including signif icant increase in serum creatinine and reductions in creatinine clearance, water excretion and urinary sodium concentration. Rats with 4 wk of BDL exhibited an intermediate stage of renal dysfunction. Progressive hepatic f ibrosis according to post-procedure time was confirmed by histology. The increased levels of liver hydroxyproline contrasted with the absence of structural changes in the kidney, as assessed by histology and unchanged hydroxyproline content in renal tissue. CONCLUSION: Our data show that BDL produced progressive renal dysfunction without structural changes in the kidney, characterizing HRS. The present model will be useful to understand the pathophysiology of HRS. | Regina M Pereira Robson AS dos Santos Eduardo A Oliveira Virgínia HR Leite Filipi LC Dias Alysson S Rezende Lincoln P Costa Lucíola S Barcelos Mauro M Teixeira Ana Cristina Sim■es e Silva | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，28： | 2 |
| 6 | The reduction of radar glint by diversity techniques显示文摘 | Sims R J Graf E R | 1971 | IEEE Trans on AP1971，19，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Recent advances in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas axis显示文摘 | Santos RA Ferreira AJ Sim(o)es E | 2008 | Exp Physiol2008，93，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Scaling laws of marine predator search behavior 显示文摘 | Sims D W Southall E J Humphries N E | 2008 | Nature2008，451，： | 1 |
| 9 | Nitrate leaching in an Atlantic coastal-plain soil amended with poultry manure or urea ammonium-nitrate-influence of thiosulfate显示文摘 | Sallade Y E Sims J T | 1994 | Water Air and Soil Pollution1994，78，： | 1 |
| 10 | Nonpeptide AVE 0991 is an angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas agonist in the mouse kidney显示文摘 | Pinheiro SVB Simes e Silva AC Sampaio WO | 2004 | Hypertension2004，44，： | 1 |
| 11 | Molecular cloning and biological characterization of a novel murine lymphoid growth factor显示文摘 | Sims J E Williams D E Morrissey P J | 2000 | J Exp Med2000，192，： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of sample pretreatment on extractable soil potassium显示文摘 | Haby V A Sims J R Skogley E O | 1988 | Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis1988，19，： | 1 |
| 13 | Complement activation and protein adsorption by carbon nanotubes显示文摘 | Salvador-Morales C Flahaut E Sim E Sloan J Green ML Sim RB | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 14 | Nonmehing-flesh trait in peaches is not related to low ethylene production rates显示文摘 | Brovelli E A Brecht J K Sherman W B Sims C A | 1999 | HortScience1999，34，： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect of radiation type in water radiolysis显示文摘 | Burns W G Sims H E | 1981 | Jour- nal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions1981，77，： | 1 |
| 16 | Concepts of plant biotic stress: Some insights into the stress physiology of virus-infected plant from the perspective of photosynthesis 显示文摘 | Balachandran S Hurry V M Kelley S E Osmond C B Robinson S A Rohozinski J Seaton G G R Sims D A | 1997 | Physiologia Plantarum1997，100，： | 1 |
| 17 | 显示文摘 | Butler P E Cao Y L | 1998 | Plast Reconstr Swry1998，10，6： | 1 |
| 18 | A fragment consisting of the first 204 amino-terminal amino acids of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase one(NAT1) and the first transacetylation step of catalysis显示文摘 | Sinclair J Sim E | 1997 | Biochem Pharmacol1997，53，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Chelate-assisted Phytoextraction of Lead from Contaminated Soils显示文摘 | Cooper E M Sims J T Cumningham S D | 1999 | Environ Qual1999，28，： | 1 |
| 20 | Arylamine N-acetyl transferase in mice显示文摘 | Kelly SL Sim E | 1992 | Biochem Soc T1992，20，2： | 1 |
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