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| 1 | Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content显示文摘Hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo 1H MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method forthe quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions. | Sanjeev R Mehta E Louise Thomas Jimmy D Bell Desmond G Johnston Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，22： | 21 |
| 2 | Imaging of liver cancer显示文摘Improvements in imaging technology allow exploitation of the dual blood supply of the liver to aid in the identif ication and characterisation of both malignant and benign liver lesions. Imaging techniques available include contrast enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This review discusses the application of several imaging techniques in the diagnosis and staging of both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma and outlines certain characteristics of benign liver lesions. The advantages of each imaging technique are highlighted, while underscoring the potential pitfalls and limitations of each imaging modality. | Ben Ariff Claire R Lloyd Sameer Khan Mohamed Shariff Andrew V Thillainayagam Devinder S Bansi Shahid A Khan Simon D Taylor-Robinson Adrian KP Lim | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，11： | 4 |
| 3 | Evidence for the involvement of NOD2 in regulating colonic epithelial cell growth and survival显示文摘AIM: To investigate the function of NOD2 in colonic epithelial cells (CEC). METHODS: A combination of in vivo and in vitro analyses of epithelial cell turnover in the presence and absence of a functional NOD2 protein and, in response to enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection, were used. shRNA interference was also used to investigate the consequences of knocking down NOD2 gene expression on the growth and survival of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS:In the colonic mucosa the highest levels of NOD2 expression were in proliferating crypt epithelial cells. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), that is recognized by NOD2, promoted CEC growth in vitro . By contrast,the growth of NOD2-deficient CECs was impaired. In vivo CEC proliferation was also reduced and apoptosis increased in Nod2-/- mice, which were also evident following enteric Salmonella infection. Furthermore, neutralization of NOD2 mRNA expression in human colonic carcinoma cells by shRNA interference resulted in decreased survival due to increased levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the involvement of NOD2 protein in promoting CEC growth and survival. Defects in proliferation by CECs in cases of CD may contribute to the underlying pathology of disrupted intestinal homeostasis and excessive inflammation. | Sheena M Cruickshank Louise Wakenshaw John Cardone Peter D Howdle Peter J Murray Simon R Carding | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，38： | 3 |
| 4 | Cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shahid A Khan Howard C Thomas Brian R Davidson Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9493)2005，，： | 3 |
| 5 | Cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Shahid A Khan Howard C Thomas Brian R Davidson Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2005 | The Lancet2005，，9493： | 2 |
| 6 | Mayo clinic Scottsdale experience with laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors 显示文摘 | Simon S D Ferrigni R G Novicki D E | 2003 | J Urol2003，169，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Soluble CTLA-4 in autoimmune thyroid diseases: relationship with clinical status and possible role in the immune response dysregulation 显示文摘 | Saverino D Brizzolara R Simone R | 2007 | Clin Immunol2007，123，2： | 1 |
| 8 | P0tential of low- molecular chitosan as a DNAdelivery system : biocompatility, bo- dydistribution and ability to complex and protect DNA显示文摘 | Simon C W R Hanno V J K Ruth D | 1999 | Inter- national Journal of Pharrnacentics1999，178，： | 1 |
| 9 | Symmetry-based re- sistance as a novel means of lower limb rehabilitation 显示文摘 | Simon A M Brent G R Ferris D P | 2007 | Journal of Biomechanics2007，40，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Identification of an alternative CD20 transcript variant in B cell malignancies coding for a novel pro- tein associated to rituximab resistance 显示文摘 | Carole H Marina D Pierre - Simon R | 2010 | Blood2010，115，12： | 1 |
| 11 | A review of ac- celerated carbonation technology in the treatment of cement- based materials and sequestration 'of CO2 显示文摘 | Fernandez Bertos M Simons S J R Hills C D | 2004 | Journal of Hazard- ous Materia/s2004，112，3： | 1 |
| 12 | A frequency domain analytical model of an uncontrolled single phase voltage-source rectifier显示文摘 | Hamish D L Simon D R Richard M D | 2000 | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics2000，47，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Gastric mucosal pH and oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption indices in the assessment of adequacy of resuscitation after trauma:a prospective,randomized study显示文摘 | Ivatury R Simon R Havriliak D | 1995 | J Trauma1995，39，1： | 1 |
| 14 | An analytical solution for the transient response of saturated porous elastic solids显示文摘 | SIMON B R ZIENKIEWICZ O C PAUL D K | 1984 | International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics1984，8，： | 1 |
| 15 | Tight bounds on the information rate of secret sharing schemes显示文摘 | Blundo C Santis A D Simone R D | 1997 | Designs Codes and Cryptography1997，11，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Enhanced interval approach for encoding words into interval type-2 fuzzy sets and its convergence analysis 显示文摘 | Wu D R Jerry M M Simon C | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems2012，20，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Characteriza- tion of doped tin dioxide anodes prepared by a sol + gel technique and their application in an SPE-reactor显示文摘 | Grimm J H BDG Simon U Sanderson R D | 2000 | Journal of Applied Electrochemistry2000，30，： | 1 |
| 18 | Activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine re- ceptor by nicotine selectively up-regulates cyclooxyge- nase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in rat microglial cultures 显示文摘 | DE SIMONE R AJMONE-CAT M A CARNEVALE D | 2005 | J Neuroinflammation2005，2，： | 1 |
| 19 | Clinical drug development:an analysis of phase Ⅱ trials, 1970-1985 显示文摘 | Marsoni S Hoth D Simon R | 1987 | Cancer Treat Rep1987，71，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Multimedia MedNet:A medical collaborationand consultation system显示文摘 | R Simon D Krieger | 1995 | Computer1995，5，： | 1 |
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