| 1 | Osteoporosis and obesity: Role of Wnt pathway in human and murine models显示文摘Studies concerning the pathophysiological connection between obesity and osteoporosis are currently an intriguing area of research.Although the onset of these two diseases can occur in a different way,recent studies have shown that obesity and osteoporosis share common genetic and environmental factors.Despite being a risk factor for health,obesity has traditionally been considered positive to bone because of beneficial effect of mechanical loading,exerted by high body mass,on bone formation.However,contrasting studies have not achieved a clear consensus,suggesting instead that excessive fat mass derived from obesity condition may not protect against osteoporosis or,even worse,could be rather detrimental to bone.On the other hand,it is hitherto better established that,since adipocytes and osteoblasts are derived from a common mesenchymal stem cell precursor,molecules that lead to osteoblastogenesis inhibit adipogenesis and vice versa.Here we will discuss the role of the key molecules regulating adipocytes and osteoblasts differentiation,which are peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γand Wnts,respectively.In particular,wewill focus on the role of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling,involved in mesenchymal cell fate regulation.Moreover,at present there are no experimental data that relate any influence of the Wnt inhibitor Sclerostin to adipogenesis,although it is well known its role on bone metabolism.In addition,the most common pathological condition in which there is a simultaneous increase of adiposity and decrease of bone mass is menopause.Given that postmenopausal women have high Sclerostin level inversely associated with circulating estradiol level and since the sex hormone replacement therapy has proved to be effective in attenuating bone loss and reversing menopause-related obesity,we hypothesize that Sclerostin contribution in adipogenesis could be an active focus of research in the coming years. | Graziana Colaianni Giacomina Brunetti Maria Felicia Faienza Silvia Colucci Maria Grano | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 19 |
| 2 | Accuracy of a predictive model for severe hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C显示文摘AIM: To assess the accuracy of a model in diagnosing severe fibrosis/cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)infection.METHODS: The model, based on the sequential combination of the Bonacini score (BS: ALT/AST ratio,platelet count and INR) and ultrasonography liver surface characteristics, was applied to 176 patients with chronic HCV infection. Assuming a pre-test probability of 35%,the model defined four levels of post-test probability of severe fibrosis/cirrhosis: <10% (low), 10-74% (not diagnostic), 75-90% (high) and >90% (almost absolute).The predicted probabilities were compared with the observed patients' distribution according to the histology (METAVIR).RESULTS: Severe fibrosis/cirrhosis was found in 67 patients (38%). The model discriminated patients in three comparable groups: 34% with a very high (>90%)or low (<10%) probability of severe fibrosis, 33% with a probability ranging from 75% to 90%, and 33% with an uncertain diagnosis (I.e., a probability ranging from 10%to 74%). The observed frequency of severe fibrosis/cirrhosis was within the predefined ranges.CONCLUSION: The model can correctly identify67% of patients with a high (>75%) or low (<10%) probability of cirrhosis, leaving only 33% of the patients still requiring liver biopsy. | Agostino Colli Alice Colucci Silvia Paggi Mirella Fraquelli Sara Massironi Marco Andreoletti Vittorio Michela Dario Conte | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，46： | 2 |
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