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| 1 | An alternative,zeaxanthin epoxidase-independent abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway in plants显示文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)is an important carotenoid-derived phytohormone that plays essential roles in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in various physiological and developmental processes.In Arabidopsis,ABA biosynthesis starts with the epoxidation of zeaxanthin by the ABA DEFICIENT 1(ABA1)enzyme,leading to epoxycarotenoids;e.g.,violaxanthin.The oxidative cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycaro-tenoids,a key regulatory step catalyzed by 9-C/S-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE,forms xanthoxin,which is converted in further rea.ctions mediated by ABA DEFICIENT 2(ABA2),ABA DEFICIENT 3(ABA3),and ABSCISIC ALDEHYDE OXIDASE 3(AAO3)into ABA.By combining genetic and biochemical approaches,we unravel here an ABA1-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway starting upstream of zeaxanthin.We iden-tified the carotenoid cleavage products(i.e.,apocarotenoids,β-apo-11-carotenal,9-cis-β-apo-11-carotenal,3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal,and 9-cis-3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal)as intermediates of this ABA1-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway.Using labeled compounds,we showed thatβ-apo-11-carotenal,9-cis-β-apo-11-carotenal,and 3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal are successively converted into 9-cis-3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal,xanthoxin,and finally into ABA in both Arabidopsis and rice.When applied to Arabidopsis,theseβ-apo-11-carotenoids exert ABA biological functions,such as maintaining seed dormancy and inducing the expression of ABA-responsive genes.Moreover,the transcdptomic analysis revealed a high overlap of differentially expressed genes regulated byβ-apo-11-carotenoids and ABA,suggesting thatβ-apo-11-carot-enoids exert ABA-independent regulatory activities.Taken together,our study identifies a biological function for the common plant metabolites,β-apo-11-carotenoids,extends our knowledge about ABA biosynthesis,and provides new insights into plant apocarotenoid metabolic networks. | Kun-Peng Jia Jianing Mi Shawkat Ali Hajime Ohyanagi Juan C.Moreno Abdugaffor Ablazov Aparna Balakrishna Lamis Berqdar Alessia Fiore Gianfranco Diretto Claudio Martínez Angel R.de Lera Takashi Gojobori Salim Al-Babili | 2022 | Molecular Plant2022，15，1： | 2 |
| 2 | A survey on gaps, threat remediation challenges and some thoughts for proactive attack detection in cloud computing显示文摘 | Md. Tanzim Khorshed A.B.M. Shawkat Ali Saleh A. Wasimi | 2012 | Future Generation Computer Systems2012，，6： | 2 |
| 3 | On learning algorithm selection for classification显示文摘 | Shawkat Ali Kate A Smith | 2006 | Applied Soft Computing2006，，6： | 1 |
| 4 | On learning algorithm selection for classification显示文摘 | Shawkat Ali Kate A Smith | 2006 | Applied Soft Computing2006，，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Evaluation of deg-radation of thermal barrier coatings using impedance spectroscopy显示文摘 | Md Shawkat Ali Song S H Xiao P | 2002 | Journal of the European Ceramic So- ciety2002，22，1： | 1 |
| 6 | A survey on gaps, threat remediation challenges and some thoughts for proactive attack detection in cloud computing显示文摘 | Md. Tanzim Khorshed A.B.M. Shawkat Ali Saleh A. Wasimi | 2012 | Future Generation Computer Systems2012，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Efficacy and safety of once daily tacrolimus compared to twice daily tacrolimus after liver transplantation显示文摘BACKGROUND Once daily tacrolimus regimen was found to exhibits similar bioavailability,safety and efficacy properties compared to twice-daily tacrolimus in kidney transplantation patients.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily prolonged release tacrolimus compared to twice-daily tacrolimus in liver transplantation patients.METHODS MEDLINE,EMBASE,CENTRAL databases were searched for clinical trials until December 2020.Efficacy outcome measured as the rate of treatment failure indicated by biopsy-proven acute rejection,Serum creatinine,graft loss,or death.Two reviewers independently selected studies,collected data and assessed risk of bias.The results are reported as risk ratio with 95%confidence interval(CI)for dichotomous data.RESULTS Seven studies included with 965 patients.All the included studies were of moderate quality according to the risk of bias assessment using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.Biopsy-proven acute rejection was reported in four studies,and pooled analysis of those studies indicated similar rejections in both twice daily and once daily tacrolimus groups(risk ratio:1.06,95%CI:0.84-1.34,n=758,I2=0%)and also we found no significant difference between both groups for renal outcome(serum creatinine;mean difference,0.001 mg/dL,95%CI:-0.042 to 0.043,n=846,I2=18.6%).Similarly,there was similar number of adverse events such as hypertension,headache,back pain,blood related disorders,infections and nausea observed in both groups.CONCLUSION The analysis findings confirm that both once daily and twice daily tacrolimus formulations are comparable in terms of efficacy and safety outcomes. | Khalid Ibrahim Bzeizi Ali Albenmousa Abdulhaleem Mohamed Shawkat Zidan Ahmed Saleh Alabbad Waleed Alhamoudi Roberto Troisi Deiter Broering | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，3： | 0 |
| 8 | Response of Peach (Prunus persica) cv. to Foliar Application of Potassium and Copper显示文摘 | Shawkat Mustafa Mohammed AI-Atrushy Sarfaraz Fatah Ali Al-bamarny | 2013 | Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)2013，3，1： | 0 |
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