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| 1 | Optimization for entransy dissipation minimization in heat exchanger显示文摘A common of two-fluid flow heat exchanger, in which the heat transfer between highand low-temperature sides obeys Newton's law [q∝Δ(T)], is studied in this paper. By taking entransy dissipation minimization as optimization objective, the optimum parameter distributions in the heat exchanger are derived by using optimal control theory under the condition of fixed heat load. The condition corresponding to the minimum entransy dissipation is that corresponding to a constant heat flux density. Three kinds of heat exchangers, including parallel flow, condensing flow and counter-flow, are considered, and the results show that only the counter-flow heat exchanger can realize the entransy dissipation minimization in the heat transfer process. The obtained results for entransy dissipation minimization are also compared with those obtained for entropy generation minimization by numerical examples. | XIA ShaoJun CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，19： | 59 |
| 2 | Entransy dissipation minimization for liquid-solid phase change processes显示文摘The liquid-solid phase change process of a simple one-dimensional slab is studied in this paper.By taking entransy dissipation minimization as optimization objective,the optimal external reservoir temperature profiles are derived by using optimal control theory under the condition of a fixed freezing or melting time.The entransy dissipation corresponding to the optimal heat exchange strategies of minimum entransy dissipation is 8/9 of that corresponding to constant reservoir temperature operations,which is independent of all system parameters.The obtained results for entransy dissipation minimization are also compared with those obtained for the optimal heat exchange strategies of minimum entropy generation and constant reservoir temperature operations by numerical examples.The obtained results can provide some theoretical guidelines for the choice of optimal cooling or heating strategy in practical liquid-solid phase change processes. | XIA ShaoJun,CHEN LinGen & SUN FengRui Postgraduate School,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，4： | 41 |
| 3 | Aqueous oxytetracycline degradation and the toxicity change of degradation compounds in photoirradiation process显示文摘The extensive use of antibiotics has been a worldwide environmental issue.In this study the fate of oxytetracycline (OTC),under photoirradiation,was investigated.The results showed that OTC photolysis followed first order model kinetics.Direct photolysis rate was found to be dependent on the initial OTC concentration,with k value ranging from 0.0075 to 0.0141 min^(-1),in the OTC concentration from 40 to 10 mg/L.OTC photolysis was highly pH-dependent and strongly enhanced at a high pH value,with a k value... | Jiao Shaojun Meng Shourong Yin Daqiang Wang Lianhong Chen Liangyan | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，7： | 40 |
| 4 | Distant hybridization leads to different ploidy fishes显示文摘Distant hybridization makes it possible to transfer the genome of one species to another, which results in changes in phenotypes and genotypes of the progenies. This study shows that distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis lead to different ploidy fishes with genetic variation, including fertile tetraploid hybrids, sterile triploid hybrids, fertile diploid hybrids, fertile diploid gynogenetic fish, and their derived progenies. The formations of the different ploidy fishes depend on the genetic relationship between the parents. In this study, several types of distant hybridization, including red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (2n=100, abbreviated as RCC) (♀)×common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (2n=100, abbreviated as CC) (♂), and RCC (2n=100) (♀)×blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) (2n=48, abbreviated as BSB) (♂) are described. In the distant hybridization of RCC (♀)×CC (♂), bisexual fertile F3–F18 allotetraploid hybrids (4n=200, abbreviated as 4nAT) were formed. The diploid hybrid eggs and diploid sperm generated by the females and males of 4nAT developed into diploid gynogenetic hybrids and diploid androgenetic hybrids, respectively, by gynogenesis and androgenesis, without treatment for doubling the chromosome. Improved tetraploid hybrids and improved diploid fishes with genetic variation were derived from the gynogenetic hybrid line. The improved diploid fishes included the high-body RCC and high-body goldfish. The formation of the tetraploid hybrids was related to the occurrence of unreduced gametes generated from the diploid hybrids, which involved in premeiotic endoreduplication, endomitosis, or fusion of germ cells. The sterile triploid hybrids (3n=150) were produced on a large scale by crossing the males of tetraploid hybrids with females of diploid fish (2n=100). In another distant hybridization of RCC (♀)×BSB (♂), different ploidy fishes were obtained, including diploid bisexual fertile natural gynogenetic fish (2n=100), sterile triploid hybrids (3n=124), and bisexual fertile tetraploid hybrids (4n=148). Furthermore, two kinds of pentaploid hybrids (5n=172 and 5n=198) were formed. The biological characteristics and the mechanisms of formation of the different ploidy fish were compared and discussed at the cellular and molecular level. The results indicated distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis affects the formation of different ploidy fish with genetic variation. | LIU ShaoJun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 39 |
| 5 | Constructal design progress for eight types of heat sinks显示文摘This review paper summarizes constructal design progress performed by the authors for eight types of heat sinks with ten performance indexes being taken as the optimization objectives,respectively,by combining the methods of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation.The eight types of heat sinks are uniform height rectangular fin heat sink,non-uniform height rectangular fin heat sink,inline cylindrical pin-fin heat sink(ICPHS),plate single-row pin fin heat sink(PSRPHS),plate inline pin fin heat sink(PIPHS),plate staggered pin fin heat sink(PSPHS),single-layered microchannel heat sink(SLMCHS)with rectangular cross sections and double-layered microchannel heat sink(DLMCHS)with rectangular cross sections,respectively.And the ten performance indexes are heat transfer rate maximization,maximum thermal resistance minimization,minimization of equivalent thermal resistance which is defined based on the entransy dissipation rate(equivalent thermal resistance for short),field synergy number maximization,entropy generation rate minimization,operation cost minimization,thermo-economic function value minimization,pressure drop minimization,enhanced heat transfer factor maximization and efficiency evaluation criterion number maximization,respectively.The optimal constructs of the eight types of heat sinks with different constraints and based on the different optimization objectives are compared with each other.The results indicated that the optimal constructs mostly are different based on different optimization objectives under the same boundary condition.The optimization objective should be suitable chosen based on the focus when the constructal design for one heat sink is performed.The results obtained herein have some important theoretical significances and application values,and can provide scientific bases and theoretical guidelines for the thermal design of real heat sinks and their applications. | CHEN LinGen YANG AiBo FENG HuiJun GE YanLin XIA ShaoJun | 2020 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2020，63，6： | 25 |
| 6 | Characterization of personal exposure concentration of fine particles for adults and children exposed to high ambient concentrations in Beijing, China显示文摘In China, the health risk from overexposure to particles is becoming an important public health concern. To investigate daily exposure characteristics to PM 2.5 with high ambient concentration in urban area, a personal exposure study was conducted for school children, and office workers in Beijing, China. For all participants (N = 114), the mean personal 24-hr exposure concentration was 102.5, 14.7, 0.093, 0.528, 0.934, 0.174 and 0.703 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 , black carbon, Mn, Al, Ca, Pb, and Fe. Children's exposure concentrations of PM 2.5 were 4-5 times higher than those in related studies. The ambient concentration of PM 2.5 (128.5 μg/m 3 ) was significantly higher than the personal exposure concentration (P < 0.05), and exceed the reference concentration (25 μg/m 3 ) of WHO air quality guideline. Good correlation relationships and significant differences were identified between ambient concentration and personal exposure concentration. The relationships indicate that the ambient concentration is the main factor influencing personal exposure concentration, but is not a good indicator of personal exposure concentration. Outdoor activities (commute mode, exposure to heating, workday or weekend travel) influenced personal exposure concentrations significantly, but the magnitude of the influence from indoor activities (exposure to cooking) was masked by the high ambient concentrations. | Xuan Du Qian Kong Weihua Ge Shaojun Zhang Lixin Fu | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010，22，11： | 24 |
| 7 | Progress of Air Pollution Control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era显示文摘China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels,causing serious air pollution issues.Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China.We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China,highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management.Emission control of sulfur dioxide(SO2)resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007.Since 2013,control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM2.5),marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy.Increasing ozone(O3)pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions.Fundamental improvement of air quality in China,as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction,demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously. | Xi Lu Shaojun Zhang Jia Xing Yunjie Wang Wenhui Chen Dian Ding Ye Wu Shuxiao Wang Lei Duan Jiming Hao | 2020 | Engineering2020，6，12： | 24 |
| 8 | Development and application of biological technologies in fish genetic breeding显示文摘Fish genetic breeding is a process that remolds heritable traits to obtain neotype and improved varieties.For the purpose of genetic improvement,researchers can select for desirable genetic traits,integrate a suite of traits from different donors,or alter the innate genetic traits of a species.These improved varieties have,in many cases,facilitated the development of the aquaculture industry by lowering costs and increasing both quality and yield.In this review,we present the pertinent literatures and summarize the biological bases and application of selection breeding technologies(containing traditional selective breeding,molecular marker-assisted breeding,genome-wide selective breeding and breeding by controlling single-sex groups),integration breeding technologies(containing cross breeding,nuclear transplantation,germline stem cells and germ cells transplantation,artificial gynogenesis,artificial androgenesis and polyploid breeding)and modification breeding technologies(represented by transgenic breeding)in fish genetic breeding.Additionally,we discuss the progress our laboratory has made in the field of chromosomal ploidy breeding of fish,including distant hybridization,gynogenesis,and androgenesis.Finally,we systematically summarize the research status and known problems associated with each technology. | XU Kang DUAN Wei XIAO Jun TAO Min ZHANG Chun LIU Yun LIU ShaoJun | 2015 | Science China(Life Sciences)2015，58，2： | 23 |
| 9 | Establishment of the diploid gynogenetic hybrid clonal line of red crucian carp × common carp显示文摘This study investigated the gynogenetic cytobiological behavior of the third gynogenetic generation (G3), which was generated from the diploid eggs produced by the second gynogenetic generation (G2) of red crucian carp × common carp, and determined the chromosomal numbers of G3, G2×scatter scale carp and G2×allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp. The results showed that the diploid eggs of G2 with 100 chromosomes, activated by UV-irradiated sperm from scatter scale carp and without the treatment for doubling the chromosomes, could develop into G3 with 100 chromosomes. Similar to the first and second gynogenetic generations (G1 and G2), G3 was also diploid (2n=100) and presented the hybrid traits. The triploids (3n=150) and tetraploids (4n=200) were produced by crossing G2 with scatter scale carp and crossing G2 with allotetraploids, respectively. The extrusion of the second polar body in the eggs of G2 ruled out the possibility that the retention of the second polar body led to the formation of the diploid eggs. In addition, we discussed the mechanism of the formation of the diploid eggs generated by G2. The establishment of the diploid gynogenesis clonal line (G1, G2 and G3) provided the evidence that the diploid eggs were able to develop into a new diploid hybrid clonal line by gynogenesis. By producing the diploid eggs as a unique reproductive way, the diploid gyno- genetic progeny of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp had important signifi- cances in both biological evolution and production application. | LIU ShaoJun, DUAN Wei, TAO Min, ZHANG Chun, SUN YuanDong, SHEN JiaMin, WANG Jing, LUO KaiKun & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，2： | 21 |
| 10 | Closed reduction and internal fixation versus total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fracture显示文摘ObjectiveTo 为代替的大腿骨的颈 fracture.MethodsIn 比较在关上的减小和内部固定和全部的新潮的关节造形术(THA )(CRIF ) 之间的临床的效果这未来的使随机化的研究,与新潮的破裂(花园 III 或 IV ) 在 65 年上面变老的 285 个病人从 2001 年 1 月被包括到 2005 年 12 月。盒子随机被分配到 CRIF 组或 THA 组。有病理学的破裂(骨头肿瘤或新陈代谢的骨头疾病)的病人,大腿骨的头的外科手术前的 avascular 坏死,骨关节炎,风湿性关节炎,半身麻痹,长期的病床休息和影响新潮的功能的复杂并发症是 excluded.ResultsDuring 5年的后续,有的 CRIF 组更高显著地在新潮的关节复杂并发症评价,一般复杂并发症和操作比 THA 组织(38.3%对12.7%, P ;< ; 0.01 ;45.3% 对 21.7% , P < 0.01;33.6% 对 10.2% , P < 0.05 分别地) 。在在二个组之间的死亡没有差别。在与更高级的哈里斯 scores.ConclusionFor 有利地恢复的 THA 组的新潮的关节的手术后的功能在老病人,代替了大腿骨的颈的破裂 THA 能完成复杂并发症和操作的更低的率,以及新潮的联合功能的更好手术后的恢复与 CRIF 相比。 | Cao Liehu Wang Bin Li Ming Song Shaojun Weng Weizong Li Haihang Su Jiacan | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2014，17，2： | 21 |
| 11 | CO_2 Emissions Embodied in China's Foreign Trade:An Investigation from the Perspective of Global Vertical Specialization显示文摘In light of the growth in vertically specialized in global trade,the present paper uses input-output tables from the World Input-Output Database to construct an environmental multiregional input-output model to calculate the CO_2 emissions embodied in China's international trade during 1995-2009.The advantage of this model lies in its incorporation of the reexported CO_2emissions component embodied in trade and its ability to differentiate domesticsourcedCO_2 emissions from foreign-sourced CO_2 emissions in trade.The results show that carbon emissions embodied in both China's exports and imports increased significantly during 1995-2009.One important reason for this is that the re-exported carbon emissions embodied in China's imported intermediate inputs increased substantially during this period.Our research reveals that accelerating the transformation of trade pattern and upgrading processing trade should be emphasized in the formulation of policy to prompt CO_2 emissions abatement in China. | Yuhuan Zhao Zhonghua Zhang Song Wang Shaojun Wang | 2014 | China & World Economy2014，22，4： | 21 |
| 12 | Genome-wide Transcription Factor Gene Prediction and their Expressional Tissue-Specificities in Maize显示文摘Transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of gene expression. To better understand TF-encoding genes in maize (Zea mays L.), a genome-wide TF prediction was performed using the updated B73 reference genome. A total of 2 298 TF genes were identified, which can be classified into 56 families. The largest family, known as the MYB superfamily, comprises 322 MYB and MYB-related TF genes. The expression patterns of 2014 (87.64%) TF genes were examined using RNA-seq data, which resulted in the identification of a subset of TFs that are specifically expressed in particular tissues (including root, shoot, leaf, ear, tassel and kernel). Similarly, 98 kernel-specific TF genes were further analyzed, and it was observed that 29 of the kernel-specific genes were preferentially expressed in the early kernel developmental stage, while 69 of the genes were expressed in the late kernel developmental stage. Identification of these TFs, particularly the tissue-specific ones, provides important information for the understanding of development and transcriptional regulation of maize. | Yi Jiang Biao Zeng Hainan Zhao Mei Zhang Shaojun Xie Jinsheng Lai | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2012，54，9： | 20 |
| 13 | Development of Mining Technology and Equipment for Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits显示文摘Seafloor massive sulfide(SMS) deposits which consist of Au, Ag, Cu, and other metal elements, have been a target of commercial mining in recent decades. The demand for established and reliable commercial mining system for SMS deposits is increasing within the marine mining industry. The current status and progress of mining technology and equipment for SMS deposits are introduced. First, the mining technology and other recent developments of SMS deposits are comprehensively explained and analyzed.The seafloor production tools manufactured by Nautilus Minerals and similar mining tools from Japan for SMS deposits are compared and discussed in turn. Second, SMS deposit mining technology research being conducted in China is described, and a new SMS deposits mining tool is designed according to the environmental requirement. Finally, some new trends of mining technology of SMS deposits are summarized and analyzed. All of these conclusions and results have reference value and guiding significance for the research of SMS deposit mining in China. | LIU Shaojun HU Jianhua ZHANG Ruiqiang DAI Yu YANG Hengling | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2016，29，5： | 19 |
| 14 | MiR-135a promotes growth and invasion of colorectal cancer via metastasis suppressor 1 in vitro显示文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs ) 是参予送信人 RNA 和蛋白质合成的空间与时间的规定的小非编码的 RNA。异常 miRNA 表示导致发展畸形和疾病。miR-135a 被认为是 oncogenic;然而,在 colorectal 癌症(CRC ) 的 miR-135a 的功能和机制大部分是未知的。因此,我们调查了 miR-135a 的功能和机制,特别与转移 suppressor 的它的关系 1 (MTSS1 ) 在 CRC 的基因。当它房间增长,移植,和侵略上的效果被 MTT 决定时, miR-135a 的表达式被即时聚合酶链反应分别地决定,没有并且与 matrigel。MTSS1 的表示被西方的污点分析检测。miR-135a 表示比在非肿瘤控制织物在人的 CRC 样品是更高的,这被发现。用 SW480 和 SW620 CRC 房间行,增加了增长响应 miR-135a 被观察。我们也证明分别地, miR-135a CRC 房间有或没有 Matrigel 经由 transwell 试金支持了活动性和侵略。相反, miR-135a 的抑制减少了他们的 proliferative 和侵略能力。MTSS1 被酶报告试金作为 miR-135a 的候选人目标基因识别。西方的污点分析证明 MTSS1 的表示被 miR-135a overexpression 调整并且击倒。同样,在 MTSS1 被小介入 RNA 击倒以后, miR-135a-mediated 房间活动性和侵略被减少。这些数据显示 miR-135a 支持 CRC 细胞的生长和侵略,至少部分,通过指向 MTSS1。 | Weiwei Zhou Xiayu Li Fen Liu Zhiming Xiao Miao He Shourong Shen Shaojun Liu | 2012 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2012，44，10： | 19 |
| 15 | The optimal path of piston motion for Otto cycle with linear phenomenological heat transfer law显示文摘An Otto cycle engine with internal and external irreversibilities of friction and heat leakage, in which the heat transfer between the working fluid and the environment obeys linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q ∝△(T -1)], is studied in this paper. The optimal piston motion trajectory for maximizing the work output per cycle is derived for the fixed total cycle time and fuel consumed per cycle. Optimal control theory is applied to determine the optimal piston trajectories for the cases of with and without piston acceleration constraint on each stroke and the optimal distribution of the total cycle time among the strokes. The optimal piston motion with acceleration constraint for each stroke consists of three segments, including initial maximum acceleration and final maximum deceleration boundary segments, respectively. Numerical examples for optimal configuration are provided, and the obtained results are compared with those obtained with Newton’s heat transfer law [q ∝△(T )]. The results also show that optimizing the piston motion can improve power and efficiency of the engine by more than 9%. This is primarily due to the decrease in heat leakage loss on the initial portion of the power stroke. | XIA ShaoJun CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，5： | 18 |
| 16 | Biological characteristics of an improved triploid crucian carp显示文摘An improved triploid crucian carp(ITCC) was produced by crossing improved tetraploids(G1×AT,) with improved red crucian carp(IRCC,),which were obtained by distant crossing and gynogenesis.The biological characteristics of ITCC,including the number and karyotype of chromosomes,gonadad and pituitary structures,phenotype,and growth rate are reported.ITCC possessed 150 chromosomes with the karyotype 33m+51sm+33st+33t.In the breeding season,both ovary-like and testis-like gonads of ITCC were unable to produce normal mature gametes.The ultrastructure of the pituitary of ITCC showed that most of the endocrine granules in gonadotrophic hormone(GTH) cells had not been released,providing endocrinological evidence for the sterility of ITCC.Compared with triploid crucian carp(TCC) produced by mating Japanese crucian carp with allotetraploid hybrids,ITCC not only retained the excellent traits of fast growth rate and sterility,but also acquired improved morphological characteristics,including higher body,shorter tail and smaller head. | CHEN Song,WANG Jing,LIU ShaoJun,QIN QinBo,XIAO Jun,DUAN Wei,LUO KaiKun,LIU JinHui & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China,College of Life Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，8： | 14 |
| 17 | The optimal configuration of reciprocating engine based on maximum entransy loss显示文摘A class of two-heat-reservoir heat engine model with heat leakage,finite heat capacity high-temperature source and infinite heat capacity low-temperature heat sink,is researched with the finite-time thermodynamic theory and the entransy theory.The optimal configuration based on the minimum entropy generation and the maximum entransy loss under the given cycle is searched,which are compared with the optimal configuration based on the maximum output work,and all the heat transfer in the model is assumed to obey the Newton’s law.The results show that,for the infinite heat capacity high-temperature source,the optimal configuration does not change whether heat leakage exists or not;however,for the finite hightemperature reservoir,the optimal configuration is different among which based on the minimum entropy generation,the maximum entransy loss,and the maximum output work when the heat leakage exists. | Aibo Yang Lingen Chen Shaojun Xia Fengrui Sun | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，17： | 14 |
| 18 | Comparative studies on histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary of different ploidy level fishes显示文摘The histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary in diploid red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var.),triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids within and after the breeding season were comparatively studied.The result showed that there were six endocrine cell types in the pituitary of these three kinds of fishes,and there was an obvious difference in cell size among different ploidy level fishes.As for the same type of pituitary cells,the cell size was increased gradually with the in- creasing ploidy level.In the breeding season,the allotetraploid hybrids had higher proportion of go- nadotropin cells(GTH)than triploids,and the triploids had higher proportion of GTH than diploids.The results were related to the earlier sexual maturity of allotetraploid hybrids and sterility of triploid cru- cian carp.On the other hand,among the three kinds of fishes,the proportion of somatotropin(STH) cells in triploids crucian carp was the highest,whereas that in allotetraploid hybrids was the lowest. The results might be connected with the faster growth rate of triploids and slower growth rate of al- lotetraploid hybrids.In addition,in GTH cells of meso-adenohypophysis after the breeding season, there were many endocrine particles in triploids,while those endocrine particles were released from the cells in allotetraploids and diploids.This result showed that the sterility of triploid crucian carp might be related to the hormone which was not released from the GTH cells.In a word,the present study indicated that the differences in the structure of pituitary among different ploidy level fishes contributed to their difference in the growth rate and gonadal development. | LONG Yu LIU Shaojun HUANG Weiren ZHANG Jian SUN Yuandong ZHANG Chun CHEN Song LIU Jinghui LIU Yun | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，5： | 13 |
| 19 | The cloning of Dmc1 cDNAs and a comparative study of its expression in different ploidy cyprinid fishes显示文摘Dmc1 (disrupted meiotic cDNA) is a functionally specific gene, which was firstly discovered in yeast and then found to encode a protein required for homologous chromosome synapsis during the process of meiosis. In this investigation, we cloned the partial cDNAs of Dmc1 of diploid red crucian carp, Japanese crucian carp, common carp, triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids by using a pair of degenerate primers based on the conservative sequence of amino acids of the DMC1 protein in yeast, mouse and human. The full length cDNAs were then obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Our data showed that the full length cDNAs of Dmc1 in the three diploid fishes are all 1375 bp long, while it is 1383 bp long in triploids and 1379 bp long in allotetraploids. And despite of the variation in length, all the cDNAs encode a protein of 342 amino acids. A high homology of 97.3% of the DMC1 protein can be drawn by comparing the amino acid sequences in the three diploids, which is also of 86%, 86% and 95% similarity to human, mouse and zebrafish, respectively. A comparative study of the expression pattern of Dmc1 was carried out by RT-PCR using specific primers against the same se-quences of coding regions in different ploidy cyprinid fishes, from which it was showed that Dmc1 was expressed only in gonads of these five kinds of fishes. The expression pattern of Dmc1 in both ovaries and testes from different ploidy fishes within breeding season was also studied by Real-time PCR, and the results showed that the expression of this gene was greatly different among the three different ploidy fishes, which was the highest of triploid and lowest of allotetraploids. The histological sections data showed matured gonads of both diploid red crucian carp and allotetraploids in breeding season, although the latter demonstrated a higher maturation, and no gonadal maturation could be observed in triploids. In conclusion, we suggest that Dmc1 is specifically expressed in the period of meiosis in all the ploidy cyprinid fishes and directly related with the development of gonad in a manner of ploidy-independent way. And further, the high expression of Dmc1 in female triploids might be associ-ated with abnormal meiosis and sterility. | TAO Min, LIU ShaoJun, LONG Yu, ZENG Chen, LIU JiFang, LIU LiangGuo, ZHANG Chun, DUAN Wei & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，1： | 13 |
| 20 | Maximum power output of a class of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with a non-uniform working fluid and linear phenomenological heat transfer law显示文摘Maximum power output of a class of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with non-uniform working fluid,in which heat transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs obey the linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q ∝Δ(T-1)],are studied in this paper. Optimal control theory is used to determine the upper bounds of power of the heat engine for the lumped-parameter model and the distributed-parameter model,respectively. The results show that the maximum power output of the heat engine in the distributed-parameter model is less than or equal to that in the lumped-parameter model,which could provide more realistic guidelines for real heat engines. Analytical solutions of the maximum power output are obtained for the irreversible heat engines working between constant temperature reservoirs. For the irreversible heat engine operating between variable temperature reservoirs,a numerical example for the lumped-parameter model is provided by numerical calculation. The effects of changes of reservoir's temperature on the maximum power of the heat engine are analyzed. The obtained results are,in addition,compared with those obtained with Newtonian heat transfer law [q ∝Δ(T)]. | XIA ShaoJun CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，12： | 13 |
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