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| 1 | Subcellular daunorubicin distribution and its relation to multidrug resistance phenotype in drug-resistant cell line SMMC-7721/R显示文摘AIM: To investigate the correlation between subcellulardaunorubicin distribution and the multidrug resistancephenotype in drug-resistant cell line SMMC-7721/R.METHODS: The multidrug resistant cell line SMMC-7721/R, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line,was established. Antisense oligonudeotides (AS-ODN)were used to obtain different multidrug resistancephenotypes by inhibiting the expression of mdr1 geneand/or multidrug resistance-related protein gene(mrp)using Lipofectamine as delivery agent. Expression ofmdr1 and mrp genes was evaluated by RT-PCR andWestern blotting. Intracellular daunorubicin (DNR)concentration was measured by flow cytometry.Subcellular DNR distribution was analyzed by confocallaser scanning microscopy. Adriamycin (ADM) and DMRsensitivity was examined by MTT method.RESULTS: Low level expression of mdr1 and mrp mRNAsand no expression of P-Glycoprotein(P-gp) andmultidrug resistance-related protein (P190) weredetected in parental sensitive cells SMMC-7721/S, butover-expression of these two genes was observed indrug-resistant cell SMMC-7721/R. The expression ofmdr1 and mrp genes in SMMC-7721/R cells was downregulated to the level in the SMMC-7721/S cells by AS-ODN. Intracellular DNR concentration in SMMC-7721/S cells was 10 times higher than that in SMMC-7721/Rcells. In SMMC7721/S cells intracellular DNRdistributed evenly in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whilein SMMC-7721/R cells DNR distributed in a punctatepattern in the cytoplasm and was reduced in thenucleus. DNR concentration in SMMC-7721/R cells co-transfected with AS-ODNs targeting to mdr1 and mrpmRNAs recovered to 25 percent of that in SMMC7721/Scells. Intracellular DNR distribution pattern in drug-resistant cells treated by AS-ODN was similar to drug-sensitive cell, and the cells resistance index (RI) to DNRand ADM decreased at most from 88.0 and 116.0 to 4.0and 2.3, respectively. Co-Transfection of two AS-ODNsshowed a stronger synergistic effect than separatetransfection.CONCLUSIONS: P-gp and P190 are two membersmediating MDR in cell line SMMC7721/R. Intracellulardrug concentration increase and subcellular distributionchange are two important factors in multidrugresistance (MDR) formation. The second factor, drugstransport by P-gp and P190 from cell nucleus to organellin cytoplasm, may play a more important role. | Jia-Yin Yang Hua-You Luo Qi-Yuan Lin Zi-Ming Liu Lu-Nan Yan Department of General Surgery,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610044,Sichuan Province,China Ping Lin Cancer Research Institution,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,610044,Sichuan Province,China Jie Zhang Department of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,610044,Sichuan Province,China Shong Lei Cancer Biotechnological Treatment Center,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,610044,Sichuan Province,China | 2002 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2002，8，4： | 12 |
| 2 | Simpli?ed point-of-care ultrasound protocol to con?rm central venous catheter placement:A prospective study显示文摘BACKGROUND: The current standard for con? rmation of correct supra-diaphragmatic central venous catheter(CVC) placement is with plain ? lm chest radiography(CXR). We hypothesized that a simple point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) protocol could effectively con? rm placement and reduce time to con? rmation.METHODS: We prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit who required CVC placement. Correct positioning was considered if turbulent flow was visualized in the right atrium on sub-xiphoid, parasternal or apical cardiac ultrasound after injecting 5 cc of sterile, non-agitated, normal saline through the CVC.RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients were enrolled. POCUS had a sensitivity of 86.8%(95%CI 77.1%–93.5%) and speci? city of 100%(95%CI 15.8%–100.0%) for identifying correct central venous catheter placement. Median POCUS and CXR completion were 16 minutes(IQR 10–29) and 32 minutes(IQR 19–45), respectively.CONCLUSION: Ultrasound may be an effective tool to confirm central venous catheter placement in instances where there is a delay in obtaining a con? rmatory CXR. | Scan P.Wilson Samer Assaf Shadi Lahham Mohammad Subeh Alan Chiem Craig Anderson Samantha Shwe Ryan Nguyen John C.Fox | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Ultrasound curriculum taught by first-year medical students: A four-year experience in Tanzania显示文摘BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging is an integral aspect of care that is often insufficient, if not altogether absent, in rural and remote regions of low to middle income countries(LMICs) such as Tanzania. The introduction of ultrasound can significantly impact treatment in these countries due to its portability, low cost, safety, and usefulness in various medical assessments. This study reviews the implementation of a four-week ultrasound course administered annually from 2013–2016 in a healthcare professional school in Mwanza, Tanzania by first-year allopathic US medical students.METHODS: Participants(n=582, over 4 years) were recruited from the Tandabui Institute of Health Sciences and Technology to take the ultrasound course. Subjects were predominantly clinical officer students, but other participants included other healthcare professional students, practicing healthcare professionals, and school employees. Data collected includes pre-course examination scores, post-course examination scores, course quiz scores, demographic surveys, and postcourse feedback surveys. Data was analyzed using two-tailed t-tests and the single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA).RESULTS: For all participants who completed both the pre-and post-course examinations(n=229, 39.1% of the total recruited), there was a significant mean improvement in their ultrasound knowledge of 42.5%, P<0.01.CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that trained first-year medical students can effectively teach a point of care ultrasound course to healthcare professional students within four weeks in Tanzania. Future investigation into the level of long-term knowledge retention, impact of ultrasound training on knowledge of human anatomy and diagnostic capabilities, and how expansion of an ultrasound curriculum has impacted access to care in rural Tanzania is warranted. | Scan P. Denny William B. Mintccr Rcccc T.H. Fcnning Sahil Aggarwal Dcbora H. Lee Shclla K. Raja Kaavya R. Raman Allison O. Farfcl Priya A. Patcl MarkLicbcr Mcgan E. Bcrnstcin Shadi Lahham John C. Fox | 2018 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2018，9，1： | 2 |
| 4 | 血管成形术和支架辅助血管成形术治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化的报道标准显示文摘背景和目的颅内动脉粥样硬化可导致众多患者发生缺血性卒中。过去10年里的技术发展使颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄的血管内治疗成为可能。因颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄而接受血管成形术或支架辅助血管成形术的患者数量不断增加。鉴于在对血管成形术或支架辅助血管成形术治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄或闭塞的临床和放射学评价、技术和转归进行报道时,尚缺乏普遍接受的定义,本文的目的是为其报道标准、术语和书面定义提供共识性推荐意见。报道摘要本文是由技术评价委员会、神经介入外科学会、介入放射学学会、美国神经外科医师协会和神经外科医师大会的脑血管神经外科联合分会以及美国神经病学学会卒中和介入神经病学分会组成的联合写作组起草完成的。对1997年1月—2007年12月美国国立医学图书馆文献数据库(PubMed)进行计算机检索,以确定已发表的涉及狭窄性颅内动脉粥样硬化的介入治疗数据,以此作为质量评价的基准。我们设法确定那些可能影响操作成功和并发症风险的危险因素。本文针对颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄或闭塞的血管内治疗临床试验设计的重要因素,提出了各种临床和技术方面的基本原则。本指南还包含了对这类临床试验统一报道标准的建议。这些定义和标准主要用于研究目的;不过,它们对于临床实践也应有所帮助,并且适用于所有出版物。结论总之,这些建议的定义代表了为构建有效研究数据集的推荐意见。其目的是促进科学而严谨的研究结果的产生,使类似研究之间和内部进行可靠的比较成为可能。在某些情况下,本指南中的一些定义由写作组的专家团队一致推荐,以使报道和发表一致。这些定义应能让不同研究小组发表能够进行直接比较的研究结果。 | H. Christian Schumacher Philip M. Meyers Randall T. Higashida Colin P. Derdeyn Scan D. Lavine Gary M. Nesbit David Sacks Peter Rasmussen Lawrence R. Wechsler 廖煜君(译) 宋冬雷(译) | 2009 | 国际脑血管病杂志2009，17，7： | 2 |
| 5 | Antibodies to apolipoprotein A-I,high-density lipoprotein,and C-reactive protein associated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus 显示文摘 | Scan GO Ian G Anastasia L | 2010 | Arthritis Rheum2010，62，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Hgperhomocyseinemia-an emerging and important risk factor for coronary heart disease显示文摘 | Louis M Vivan F | 1996 | Clin Chem1996，126，： | 1 |
| 7 | Interaction of Iron with Other Nutrients 显示文摘 | Scan R Lynch M D | 1997 | Nutrition Reviews1997，55，4： | 1 |
| 8 | 3MoO3显示文摘 | MACHADO-CHARRY E ORDEJON P CANADELL E Analysis of scanning tunneling microscopy images of the charge-density-wave phase in quasi-one-dimensional Rb 0 | 2006 | Phys Rev B2006，74，15： | 1 |
| 9 | Growth of sculptured polymer submicronwire assemblies by vapor deposition显示文摘 | Scan Pursel Mark W Horn Melik C Demirel | 2005 | Polymer2005，46，： | 1 |
| 10 | in diabetic caucasians: Identification of a P12A PPARγ2 Missense Mutation 显示文摘 | Yen CJ Beamer BA Negri C Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγ gene 8 | 1997 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1997，241，： | 1 |
| 11 | Tetracycline and doxycycline applications显示文摘 | Scan F Lynn | 1996 | Primary Cure Update for OB/GYNS1996，3，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Measurements and predictions of the air distribution systems in high compute density (Inter-net) data centers显示文摘 | Jinkyun Cho Taesnb Lim Byungseon Scan Kim | 2009 | Energy and Builidings2009，41，10： | 1 |
| 13 | The Weston wheelchair mounted assistive robot-The design story显示文摘 | Michael Hillman Karen Hagan Scan Hagan | 2002 | Robotica2002，20，： | 1 |
| 14 | Collaborative cohort study of an intervention to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit显示文摘 | Scan M Berenholtz Julius C | 2011 | Infection control and hospital epidemiology: the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America2011，32，4： | 1 |
| 15 | The Prepayment Risk of Mortgage-Backed Seeufities显示文摘 | Scan | 1989 | Economic Review of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City1989，4357，： | 1 |
| 16 | secondhand smoke levels in Scottish pubs: the effect of smoke-free legislation 显示文摘 | Scan S Karen S Audrey N | 2007 | Tob Control2007，16，： | 1 |
| 17 | A prospective investigation显示文摘 | Boden SD McCowin PR Davis DO Abnormal magnetic-reso- nance scans of the cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects | 1990 | J Bone Joint Surg(Am)1990，72，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Macrophages and progressive tubu- lointerstitial disease 显示文摘 | Scan Eardley K Cockwell P | 2005 | Kidney Int2005，68，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Traditional versus early-access grafts for hemodialysis access: a slngle-institution comparative study显示文摘 | Scan'itt T Paragone CM O'Gorman RB | 2014 | Am Surg2014，80，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Laser treatment of skin lesions in children显示文摘 | Manjeet M Scan WL | 2007 | Paediatfies and Child Health2007，17，10： | 1 |
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