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| 1 | 中国两栖动物保护需求总述显示文摘通过对中国两栖动物物种生物多样性现状的全面分析,与世界许多国家相比,中国是一个重要的全球优先保护地区.横断山区、南岭山区和武夷山区3个区域的两栖动物物种多样性特别丰富.有尾两栖类物种较无尾类受胁程度更高.几个物种数相对较少的铃蟾科、隐腮鲵科、小鲵科和蝾螈科显示出了高的受胁倾向.像世界其它地方一样,高海拔地区溪流繁殖的森林物种受胁程度更高.对中国两栖动物而言,生境丧失、污染和过度捕捉是最主要的致危因素.过度捕捉虽然影响不如生境丧失深远,但它更可能导致一个物种种群的快速衰落.针对5个方面的保护挑战,提出了优先研究领域和保护行动方面的建议. | 谢锋 刘惠宁 Simon N Stuart Janice S Chanson Neil A Cox Debra L Fischman | 2006 | 中国科学(C辑)2006，36，6： | 28 |
| 2 | Conservation needs of amphibians in China: A review显示文摘The conservation status of all the amphibians in China is analyzed,and the country is shown to be a global priority for conservation in comparison to many other countries of the world.Three Chinese regions are particularly rich in amphibian diversity:Hengduan,Nanling,and Wuyi mountains.Sala-manders are more threatened than frogs and toads.Several smaller families show a high propensity to become seriously threatened:Bombinatoridae,Cryptobranchidae,Hynobiidae and Salamandridae.Like other parts of the world,stream-breeding,high-elevation forest amphibians have a much higher likeli-hood of being seriously threatened.Habitat loss,pollution,and over-harvesting are the most serious threats to Chinese amphibians.Over-harvesting is a less pervasive threat than habitat loss,but it is more likely to drive a species into rapid decline.Five conservation challenges are mentioned with recommendations for the highest priority research and conservation actions. | Michael Wai Neng LAU Simon N STUART Janice S CHANSON Neil A COX Debra L FISCHMAN | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，2： | 12 |
| 3 | Massive haemorrhage in liver transplantation:Consequences,prediction and management显示文摘From its inception the success of liver transplantation has been associated with massive blood loss. Massive transfusion is classically defined as > 10 units of red blood cells within 24 h, but describing transfusion rates over a shorter period of time may reduce the potential for survival bias. Both massive haemorrhage and transfusion are associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity(need for dialysis/surgical site infection) following liver transplantation although causality is difficult to prove due to the observational design of most trials. The blood loss associated with liver transplantation is multifactorial. Portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis results in extensive collateral circulation, which can bleed during hepatectomy particular if portal pressures are increased. Avoiding volume loading and maintenance of a low central venous pressure together with the use of vasopressors have been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion during liver transplantation, but may increase the risk of renal impairment post-operatively. Coagulation defects may be present pre-transplant, but haemostasis is often re-balanced due to a deficit in both proand anti-coagulation factors. Further derangement of haemostasis may develop in the anhepatic and neohepatic phases due to absent hepatic metabolic function, hyperfibrinolysis and platelet sequestration in the donor liver. Point-of-care tests of coagulation such as the viscoelastic tests rotation thromboelastometry/thromboelastometry allow and more accurate and rapid assessment of these derangements in coagulation and guide the use of factor replacement and antifibrinolytics. Transfusion protocols guided by these tests have been shown to reduce transfusion rates compared with conventional coagulation tests, but have not shownimprovements in mortality or morbidity. Pre-operative factors associated with massive transfusion include previous surgery, re-do transplantation, the aetiology and severity of liver disease. Intra-operatively the use of piggy-back technique and avoiding veno-veno bypass has been shown to reduced blood loss. | Stuart Cleland Carlos Corredor Jia Jia Ye Coimbatore Srinivas Stuart A Mc Cluskey | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，2： | 11 |
| 4 | 两万年来的中国多年冻土形成演化显示文摘利用大量的古多年冻土遗迹和古冰缘现象,并佐以古冰川、孢粉及动物化石等资料,重建了20ka以来中国多年冻土演化进程.结果表明,在末次冰期最盛期(LGM,或末次多年冻土最大期LPMax),中国多年冻土面积达到了5.3×10^6~5.4×10^6km^2(现今中国多年冻土面积的3倍多),而全新世大暖期(HMP,或末次多年冻土最小期LPMin),中国多年冻土面积曾缩减至0.80×10^6~0.85×10^6km^2(约为现今中国多年冻土面积的50%).按照古冻土遗迹的年代及分布等特征,在确定LGM和HMP两个主要时段的冻土格局基础上,将20ka以来中国多年冻土演化进程划分为7个阶段:晚更新世LGM(20000~10800aBP)多年冻土强烈扩展,达到LPMax;早全新世气候剧变期(10800至8500~7000aBP)多年冻土较稳定但相对缩减阶段;中全新世HMP(8500~7000至4000~3000aBP)多年冻土强烈退化阶段,多年冻土缩减到LPMin;晚全新世新冰期(4000~3000至1000aBP)冻土扩展阶段;晚全新世中世纪暖期(1000~500aBP)多年冻土相对退化阶段;晚全新世小冰期(LIA, 500~100aBP)冻土相对扩展阶段,以及近代升温期(近百年来)多年冻土持续退化阶段.本文重建了各时段内古气候、古地理环境以及多年冻土分布范围和其他特征. | 金会军 金晓颖 何瑞霞 罗栋梁 常晓丽 王绍令 Sergey S MARCHENKO 杨思忠 易朝路 李世杰 Stuart A HARRIS | 2019 | 中国科学:地球科学2019，49，8： | 11 |
| 5 | Arginine vasopressin as a target in the treatment of acute heart failure显示文摘Congestive heart failure(CHF) is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in the United States. Despite multiple different beneficial medications for the treatment of chronic CHF, there are no therapies with a demonstrated mortality benefit in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure. In fact, studies of inotropes used in this setting have demonstrated more harm than good. Arginine vasopressin has been shown to be up regulated in CHF. When bound to the V1 a and/or V2 receptors, vasopressin causes vasoconstriction, left ventricular remodeling and free water reabsorption. Recently, two drugs have been approved for use that antagonize these receptors. Studies thus far have indicated that these medications, while effective at aquaresis(free water removal), are safe and not associated with increased morbidity such as renal failure and arrhythmias. Both conivaptan and tolvaptan have been approved for the treatment of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. We review the results of these studies in patients with heart failure. | Nisha A Gilotra Stuart D Russell | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，12： | 7 |
| 6 | Evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka显示文摘The formation and evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka were reconstructed on the basis of large amount of paleo-permafrost remains and paleo-periglacial evidence, as well as paleo-glacial landforms, paleo-flora and paleofauna records. The results indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum(LLGM) or local Last Permafrost Maximum(LLPMax), the extent of permafrost of China reached 5.3×106-5.4×106 km2, or thrice that of today, but permafrost shrank to only0.80×106-0.85×106 km2, or 50% that of present, during the local Holocene Megathermal Period(LHMP), or the local Last Permafrost Minimum(LLPMin). On the basis of the dating of periglacial remains and their distributive features, the extent of permafrost in China was delineated for the two periods of LLGM(LLPMax) and LHMP(LLPMin), and the evolution of permafrost in China was divided into seven periods as follows:(1) LLGM in Late Pleistocene(ca. 20000 to 13000-10800 a BP)with extensive evidence for the presence of intensive ice-wedge expansion for outlining its LLPMax extent;(2) A period of dramatically changing climate during the early Holocene(10800 to 8500-7000 a BP) when permafrost remained relatively stable but with a general trend of shrinking areal extent;(3) The LHMP in the Mid-Holocene(8500-7000 to 4000-3000 a BP)when permafrost degraded intensively and extensively, and shrank to the LLPMin;(4) Neoglaciation during the late Holocene(4000-3000 to 1000 a BP, when permafrost again expanded;(5) Medieval Warming Period(MWP) in the late Holocene(1000-500 a BP) when permafrost was in a relative decline;(6) Little Ice Age(LIA) in the late Holocene(500-100 a BP), when permafrost relatively expanded, and;(7) Recent warming(during the 20 th century), when permafrost continuously degraded and still is degrading. The paleo-climate, geography and paleopermafrost extents and other features were reconstructed for each of these seven periods. | Huijun JIN Xiaoying JIN Ruixia HE Dongliang LUO Xiaoli CHANG Shaoling WANG Sergey S MARCHENKO Sizhong YANG Chaolu YI Shijie LI Stuart A HARRIS | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，8： | 6 |
| 7 | Small molecules enable OCT4-mediated direct reprogramming into expandable human neural stem cells显示文摘 | Saiyong Zhu Raiesh Ambasudhan Woong Sun Hyun Jung Kim Maria Talantova Xiaojing Wang Mingliang Zhang Yu Zhang Timothy Laurent James Parker Han-Seop Kim Jeffrey D Zaremba Sofiyan Saleem Sara Sanz-Blasco Eliezer Masliah Scott R McKercher Yee Sook Cho Stuart A Lipton Janghwan Kim Sheng Ding | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，1： | 6 |
| 8 | Barrett’s metaplasia glands are clonal, contain multiple stem cells and share a common squamous progenitor显示文摘 | Anna M Nicholson Trevor A Graham Ashley Simpson Adam Humphries Nicola Burch Manuel Rodriguez-Justo Marco Novelli Rebecca Harrison Nicholas A Wright Stuart A C McDonald Janusz A Jankowski | 2012 | Gut2012，，10： | 3 |
| 9 | Ron receptor-dependent gene regulation in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced acute liver failure显示文摘BACKGROUND:Prior experimentation has shown that loss of the tyrosine kinase(TK) signaling domain of the Ron receptor leads to marked hepatocyte protection in a model of lipopolysaccharideinduced acute liver failure(ALF) in D-galactosamine(GalN)sensitized mice.The aim of this study was to identify the role of Ron in the regulation of hepatic gene expression.METHODS:Microarray analyses were performed on liver RNA isolated sequentially from wild-type(WT) and TK-/mice during the progression of ALF.Gene array data were validated using Western and immunohistochemistry analyses as well as with ex vivo culture systems.RESULTS:At baseline,101 genes were differentially expressed between WT and TK-/-livers,which regulate processes involved in hypoxia,proliferation,apoptosis and metabolism.One hour after ALF induction,WT livers exhibited increased cytokine expression compared to TK-/-livers,and after 4 hours,an induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling(SOCS) genes as well as JAK-STAT pathway activation were prominent in TK-/livers compared to controls.CONCLUSION:Our studies suggest a novel hepato-protective mechanism in Ron TK-/-mice wherein increased and sustained SOCS production and JAK-STAT activation in the hepatocyte may inhibit the destructive proinflammatory milieu and promote survival factors which blunt hepatic death and the ensuing development of ALF. | Rishikesh M Kulkarni Louis W Kutcher William D Stuart Daniel J Carson Mike A Leonis Susan E Waltz | 2012 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2012，11，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Current endoscopic approach to indeterminate biliary strictures显示文摘Biliary strictures are considered indeterminate when basic work-up, including transabdominal imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with routine cytologic brushing, are non-diagnostic. Indeterminate biliary strictures can easily be mischaracterized which may dramatically affect patient's outcome. Early and accurate diagnosis of malignancy impacts not only a patient's candidacy for surgery, but also potential timely targeted chemotherapies. A significant portion of patients with indeterminate biliary strictures have benign disease and accurate diagnosis is, thus, paramount to avoid unnecessary surgery. Current sampling strategies have suboptimal accuracy for the diagnosis of malignancy. Emerging data on other diagnostic modalities, such as ancillary cytology techniques, single operator cholangioscopy, and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration, revealed promising results with much improved sensitivity. | David W Victor Stuart Sherman Tarkan Karakan Mouen A Khashab | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，43： | 3 |
| 11 | The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy显示文摘 | Leonard A Levin Roy W Beck Michael P Joseph Stuart Seiff Raymond Kraker | 1999 | Ophthalmology1999，，7： | 2 |
| 12 | FeNb在钢液中的溶化行为及在钢包精炼过程中提高Nb收得率的最佳工艺显示文摘阐述了标准铌铁(FeNb)的微观组织特性及其溶入钢液中的研究结果。在实验室的感应炉中进行了不同温度下的非连续试验,分析了固相FeNb与钢液凝固层界面的微观组织,并与原始FeNb粒子的微观组织进行了对比。这些试验研究结果可以阐释FeNb的溶解机制和它在不同炼钢温度下的融入动力学条件。标准FeNb在钢水中溶解的试验结果证实FeNb颗粒的溶解速率高于有关文献中报告的结果,它们认为FeNb粒子的熔化温度高(>1600℃),所以在其模型中假定FeNb的溶解仅是通过固相粒子的扩散实现。本项工作得到的试验证据为标准FeNb的溶解机理提供了一种新的说法:在1500~1510℃受其共晶区的熔化行为控制,在1530~1575℃温度范围内则由初始板条相的熔化行为所主导,也就是说,均低于1600℃左右的炼钢温度。根据这些研究结果和炼钢厂已有的生产经验,对于微合金化钢在二次精炼阶段加入FeNb推荐了最优的工艺。 | Edmundo Burgos Cruz Daniel Pallos Fridman Marcelo C Carboni Rogério Contato Guimares Marcos A Stuart Nogueira Ferdinando Luiz Cavallante 王厚昕 | 2010 | 世界钢铁2010，，6： | 2 |
| 13 | Doped graphene/carbon black hybrid catalyst giving enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity with high resistance to corrosion in proton exchange membrane fuel cells显示文摘Nitrogen doping of the carbon is an important method to improve the performance and durability of catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells by platinum–nitrogen and carbon–nitrogen bonds. This study shows that p-phenyl groups and graphitic N acting bridges linking platinum and the graphene/carbon black(the ratio graphene/carbon black = 2/3) hybrid support materials achieved the average size of platinum nanoparticles with(4.88 ± 1.79) nm. It improved the performance of the lower-temperature hydrogen fuel cell up to 0.934 W cm^(-2) at 0.60 V, which is 1.55 times greater than that of commercial Pt/C. Doping also enhanced the interaction between Pt and the support materials, and the resistance to corrosion, thus improving the durability of the low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell with a much lower decay of 10 mV at 0.80 A cm^(-2) after 30 k cycles of an in-situ accelerated stress test of catalyst degradation than that of 92 mV in Pt/C, which achieves the target of Department of Energy(<30 mV). Meanwhile,Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3) remains 78% of initial power density at 1.5 A cm^(-2) after 5 k cycles of in-situ accelerated stress test of carbon corrosion, which is more stable than the power density of commercial Pt/C, keeping only 54% after accelerated stress test. | Zhaoqi Ji Jianuo Chen María Pérez-Page Zunmin Guo Ziyu Zhao Rongsheng Cai Maxwell T.P.Rigby Sarah J.Haigh Stuart M.Holmes | 2022 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2022，31，5： | 2 |
| 14 | 基于一个大型随机试验预测稳定性心绞痛队列患者死亡、心肌梗死和卒中的危险评分显示文摘目的对需要抗心绞痛治疗并且左心室功能代偿症状稳定的心绞痛患者建立预测全因死亡、心肌梗死和导致致残性卒中的复合危险评分。设计大型多中心临床试验数据的多变量Cox回归分析。背景西欧、以色列、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰的心脏专科门诊患者。入选者7311例具有全部需要资料的患者被入选。主要结局的测量指标平均随访4.9年时间内所有原因的死亡、心肌梗死或者致残性卒中。结果1063例患者发生任何原因死亡或者持久性心肌梗死或者致残性卒中。这些复合终点的5年危险性在危险性最低的十分位患者为4%,而在危险性最高的十分位患者为35%。危险评分结合16项临床常规变量的降序排序是:年龄、左心室射血分数、吸烟、白细胞计数、糖尿病、随机血糖浓度、肌酐浓度、既往卒中病史、1周至少1次心绞痛发作、冠状动脉造影发现(如果能够获得)、降脂治疗、QT间期、收缩期血压≥150mmHg、抗心绞痛药物数量、陈旧性心肌梗死以及性别。把这个模型分别应用于任何原因所致的死亡、心肌梗死和卒中进行预测评估,所得的结果相似。危险评分似乎不能预测事件性质(39%的死亡、46%心肌梗死以及15%致残性卒中)或者冠状动脉造影或血管重建率(占29%的患者)。结论该危险评分对客观地决定稳定性心绞痛患者进一步治疗措施以减少重要预后事件发生是有帮助的。该危险评分同样可以用于将来的计划性试验。 | Tim C Clayton Stuart J Pocock Jacobus Lubsen Zoltán Vokó Bridget-Anne Kirwan Keith A A Fox Philip A Poole-Wilson | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Tensile Testing of EP-823 and HT-9 After Irradiation in STIP Ⅱ 显示文摘 | Maloy Stuart A Romero T James M R | 2006 | Journal of Nuclear Materials2006，356，123： | 1 |
| 16 | NEMO Satellite Sensor Imaging Payload 显示文摘 | Myers W A Smith R D Stuart J L | 1998 | Proceeding of SPIE1998，3437，： | 1 |
| 17 | Regula- tion of leaf and fruit growth in plants growing in drying soil: ex ploitation of the plants' chemical signalling system and hydraulic architecture to increase the efficiency of water use in agriculture 显示文摘 | William J Davies Mark A Bacon D Stuart Thompson | 2000 | Journal of Experimental Botany2000，51，350： | 1 |
| 18 | Emerging ap- plications of stimuli-response polymer materials 显示文摘 | Stuart M A C Huck W T S Genzer J | 2010 | Nat Mater2010，9，： | 1 |
| 19 | Self- consistent field theory of protein adsorption in a non- Gaussian polyelectrolyte brush显示文摘 | Biesheuvel P M Leermakers F A M Stuart M A C | 2006 | Physical Review E2006，73，01： | 1 |
| 20 | Sex-related differences in IBS patients: central processing of visceral stimuli显示文摘 | Bruce D Naliboff Steve Berman Lin Chang Stuart W.G Derbyshire Brandall Suyenobu Brent A Vogt Mark Mandelkern Emeran A Mayer | 2003 | Gastroenterology2003，，7： | 1 |
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