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| 1 | Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure显示文摘Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(ALF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and death.In ALF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical care.The rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and coma.Cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic mechanism.Astrocyte swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain oedema.The mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte hypothesis.Current evidence also supports an alternate‘Trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte swelling.Although a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight junctions.At present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown. | Teresa R Scott Victoria T Kronsten Robin D Hughes Debbie L Shawcross | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 8 |
| 2 | 'Lnc'-ing enhancers to MYC regulation显示文摘 | Scott T Youner | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，6： | 6 |
| 3 | Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria are structured by geography in biological soil crusts across North American arid lands显示文摘Introduction:Biological soil crusts(BSCs)can dominate surface cover in dry lands worldwide,playing an integral role in arid land biogeochemistry,particularly in N fertilization through fixation and cycling.Nitrification is a characteristic and universal N transformation in BSCs that becomes important for the export of N beyond the microscopic bounds of the crust itself.The contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)in BSCs has been shown,but the role and extent of the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)have not.Methods:We sampled various types of crusts in four desert regions across the western United States and characterized the composition and size of ammonia-oxidizing communities using clone libraries and quantitative PCR targeting the amoA gene,which codes for the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme,universally present in ammonia-oxidizing microbes.Results:All archaeal amoA sequences retrieved from BSCs belonged to the Thaumarchaeota(Nitrososphaera associated Group I.1b).Sequences from the Sonoran Desert,Colorado Plateau,and Great Basin were indistinguishable from each other but distinct from those of the Chihuahuan Desert.Based on amoA gene abundances,archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers were ubiquitous in our survey,but the ratios of archaeal to bacterial ammonia oxidizers shifted from bacterially dominated in northern,cooler deserts to archaeally dominated in southern,warmer deserts.Conclusions:Archaea are shown to be potentially important biogeochemical agents of biological soil crust N cycling.Conditions associated with different types of BSCs and biogeographical factors reveal a niche differentiation between AOA and AOB,possibly driven by temperature. | Yevgeniy Marusenko Scott T Bates Ian Anderson Shannon L Johnson Tanya Soule Ferran Garcia-Pichel | 2013 | Ecological Processes2013，2，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Effect of amphetamine precursors and by products on soil enzymes of two urban soils显示文摘 | Scott T L Janusz A Perkins M V | 2003 | Bull Environ Contam Toxical2003，70，： | 1 |
| 5 | Enteric coated HPMC capsules designed to achieve intestinal targeting显示文摘 | Ewart T Cole Robert A Scott Alyson L Connor Ian R Wilding Hans-U Petereit Carsten Schminke Thomas Beckert Dominique Cadé | 2002 | International Journal of Pharmaceutics2002，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Role of Thalamic Projection in NMDA Receptor-Induced Disruption of Cortical Slow Oscillation and Short-Term Plasticity显示文摘 | Kiss T Hoffmann WE Scott L | 2011 | Front Psychiatry2011，2，： | 1 |
| 7 | Electron affinities of benzo-, naphtho-, and anthraquinones determined from gas-phase equilibria measurements显示文摘 | Heinis T Chowdhury S Scott S L | 1988 | J Am Chem Soc1988，110，2： | 1 |
| 8 | The effect of multiple host contacts on the infectivity of dengue-2 virus-infeoted Aedes aegypti 显示文摘 | Putnam J L Scott T W | 1995 | J Parasitol Apr1995，81，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Treatment with interferon-a2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques 显示文摘 | Falzarano D de Wit E Rasmussen AL Feldmann F Oku- mura A Scott DP Brining D Bushmaker T Martellaro C Baseler L Benecke AG Katze MG Munster VJ Feldma- nn H | 2013 | Nat Med2013，19，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Organic chemistry on the solid phase, site -site Interactions on Functionalized Polystyrene显示文摘 | SCOTT L T REBEK J | 1977 | J Am Chem Soc1977，69，： | 1 |
| 11 | Acute partial transverse myelitis with normal cerebral magnetic resonance imaging:transition rate to clinically definite multiple selerosis显示文摘 | Scott T F Kassab S L Singh S | 2005 | Mult Scler2005，11，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Dynamics and availability of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of a temperate silvopastoral system显示文摘 | Scott J T Condron L M | 2003 | Biology Fertility of Soils2003，39，： | 1 |
| 13 | Cleaning up clostridium difficile infection显示文摘 | Matthew R T Scott C L Douglas R | 2002 | Mayo Clin Proc2002，76，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Vitamins C and E improve regrowth and reduce lipid peroxidation of blackberry shoot tips following cryopreservation 显示文摘 | Esther E U Scott W L Maret G T | 2010 | Plant Cell Reports2010，29，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Revealing the vulnerabil- ity of people and places: a case study of georgetown county, south carolina 显示文摘 | Cutter S L Mitchell J T Scott M S | 2000 | Annals of the Association of American Ge- ographers2000，90，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Revealing the vulnerability of people and places: a case study of Georgetown County, South Carolina 显示文摘 | Cutter S L Mitchell J T Scott M S | 2000 | Annals of the Association of American Geographers2000，90，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Simulation, fabrication and testing of Bulk Micromachined 6H-SiC High-g Piezoresistive Accelerometer 显示文摘 | Andrew R Atwelll Robert S Okojie Kevin T Kornegay Scott L Roberson Alain Beliveau | 2003 | Sensors and Actuators A: Physics (S0924-4247)2003，104，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Mineralogy,geochemistry and mineral chemistry of siliceous ore and altered footwall rock in the Uwamuki 2 and 4 deposits,Kosaka mine,Hokuroko district,Japan显示文摘 | Bryndzia L T Scott S D Farr J E | 1983 | Economic Geology(Monograph)1983，，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Energy exchange and evapotranspiration over two temperate semi-arid grasslands in North America显示文摘 | KRISHNAN P MEYERS T P SCOTT R L | 2012 | Agricultural and Forest Meteorology2012，153，： | 1 |
| 20 | Seasonal and size patterns, trophic structure, and richness of Coleoptera in the tropical arboreal ecosys- tem : the fauna of the tree Luehea seemannii Triana and Planch in the Canal Zone 显示文摘 | Erwin T L Scott J C | 1980 | Coleopterists B ulletin1980，34，： | 1 |
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