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| 1 | Review of nanofluids for heat transfer applications显示文摘Research on nanofluids has progressed rapidly since its enhanced thermal conductivity was first reported about a decade ago,though much controversy and inconsistency have been reported,and insufficient understanding of the formulation and mechanism of nanofluids further limits their applications.This work presents a critical review of research on heat transfer applications of nanofluids with the aim of identifying the limiting factors so as to push forward their further development. | Dongsheng Wen Guiping Lin Saeid Vafaei Kai Zhang | 2009 | Particuology2009，7，2： | 30 |
| 2 | Relationship Between Degree of Starch Gelatinization and Quality Attributes of Parboiled Rice During Steaming显示文摘Paddy rice samples were parboiled by soaking at 65 °C for 180 min and steaming at 96 °C for 2–10 min, and then dried to achieve the final moisture content of 11% ± 1%. The degree of starch gelatinization(DSG) and several quality attributes(head rice yield(HRY), color value and hardness) of parboiled rice were measured. Results showed that DSG(46.8%–77.9%), color value(18.08–19.04) and hardness(118.6–219.2 N) all increased following steaming. In contrast, the HRY increased(64.8%–67.1%) for steaming times between 2–4 min but decreased(67.1%–65.0%) for steaming times between 4–10 min. Linear relations between DSG and color value(R^2 = 0.87), and DSG and hardness(R^2 = 0.88) were observed. The suitable DSG of parboiled rice leading to the highest HRY was found to be 62.5%, obtained following 4 min of steaming. | Ebrahim TAGHINEZHAD Mohammad Hadi KHOSHTAGHAZA Saeid MINAEI Toru SUZUKI Tom BRENNER | 2016 | Rice science2016，23，6： | 15 |
| 3 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 4 | S100A8/A9 induces autophagy and apoptosis via ROS-mediated cross-talk between mitochondria and lysosomes that involves BNIP3显示文摘建筑群由 S100 钙绑定蛋白质家庭,的二个成员形成了 S100A8/A9,在不同起源的各种各样的房间施加导致 apoptosis 活动。这里,我们内在的分子的机制包含的现在的证据两个都规划了房间死亡我(PCD 我, apoptosis ) 并且象死亡一样的 PCD II (autophagy ) 。有 S100A8/A9 的房间的处理引起了 Beclin-1 表示以及 Atg12-Atg5 形成的增加。S100A8/A9-induced 房间死亡被特定的 PI3-kinase 班 III 禁止者部分禁止, 3-methyladenine (3 麻省) ,并且由液泡 H+-ATPase 禁止者, bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1 ) 。S100A8/A9 挑起了 BNIP3 的 translocation, BH3 仅仅 pro-apoptotic Bcl2 家庭成员,到线粒体。与这发现一致,螖 T M-BNIP3 overexpression 部分禁止了 S100A8/A9-induced 细胞死亡,减少的反应的氧种(ROS ) 产生,并且部分在 S100A8/A9-treated 细胞在 mitochondrial transmembrane 潜力免于减少。另外,任何一个螖 T M-BNIP3 overexpression 或 N-acetyl-L-cysteine 合作处理减少了在与 S100A8/A9 对待的房间的 lysosomal 激活。我们的数据显示 S100A8/A9-promoted 房间死亡通过线粒体的串音发生,经由 ROS 和这个过程的 lysosomes 包含 BNIP3。 | Saeid Ghavami Mehdi Eshragi Sudharsana R Ande Walter J Chazin Thomas Klonisch Andrew J Halayko Karol D Mcneill Mohammad Hashemi Claus Kerkhoff Marek Los | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，3： | 13 |
| 5 | Privacy at home: Analysis of behavioral patterns in the spatial confisuration of traditional and modern houses in the city of Hamedan based on the notion of space syntax显示文摘 | Saeid Alitajer Ghazaleh Molavi Nojoumi | 2016 | Frontiers of Architectural Research2016，5，3： | 9 |
| 6 | Machine leaming for internet of things data analysis: a survey显示文摘 | Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad Mohammadreza Rezvan Mohammadamin Barekatain Peyman Adibi Payam Barnaghi Amit P. Sheth | 2018 | Digital Communications and Networks2018，4，3： | 9 |
| 7 | An intelligent system for egg quality classification based on visible-infrared transmittance spectroscopy显示文摘The potential of the visible infrared(Vis–IR)(400–1100 nm)transmittance method to assess the internal quality(freshness)of intact chicken egg during storage at a temperature of 30±7C and 25±4%relative humidity was investigated.Two hundred chicken egg samples were used for measuring freshness and spectra collection during egg storage(up to 25 days).Two correlation models,firstly between Haugh unit(HU)and storage time,and secondly between the yolk coefficient(YC)and storage time,were developed and yielded correlation coefficients(R^2)of 0.86 and 0.96,respectively.These models spanned the period for which egg quality decreased dramatically and are statistically significant(P<0.05).In addition,to reduce the dimensionality of the spectra and extract effective wavelengths,two methods were developed based on principal component analysis(PCA)and a genetic algorithm(GA).The output of PCA and GA were also used comparatively to design an egg quality intelligent system.The result of the analyses indicated that identification ratio of GAwith fast Fourier transform(FFT)preprocessing was superior to other methods,and that the quality classification rates of this method for one-day-old eggs are 100%.This study shows that identification of an egg’s freshness using NIR spectroscopy with GA and artificial neural network(ANN)is reliable. | Saman Abdanan Mehdizadeh Saeid Minaei Nigel H.Hancock Mohamad Amir Karimi Torshizi | 2014 | Information Processing in Agriculture2014，1，2： | 8 |
| 8 | Rapidly Estimating Natural Gas Compressibility Factor显示文摘包含酸的部件的天然气比做香甜的气体展出不同煤气的压缩的可能性因素(Z) 行为。因此,一个新精确方法应该被开发说明这些差别。几个方法今天为从状态的一个方程计算 Z 因素是可得到的。然而,这些方程比前述的关联更复杂,包含很多参数,它要求更复杂、更长的计算。这研究的目的是为像 90% 全部的酸一样包含的酸的天然气为快速的估计 Z 因素开发一个简化计算方法煤气的。在这篇文章,二新关联首先为作为煤气的比重的功能计算煤气的混合的假批评压力和温度被介绍。然后,简单关联作为减少的压力和温度的功能为香甜的 gase 的压缩的可能性因素的一个快评价根据标准煤气的压缩的可能性因素图表被介绍。最后,与二氧化碳和氢硫化物的鼹鼠部分有关的一个新校正术语被开发。 | Alireza Bahadori Saeid Mokhatab Brian F.Towler | 2007 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2007，16，4： | 8 |
| 9 | A state-of-the-art review of the fabrication and characteristics of titanium and its alloys for biomedical applications显示文摘Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys have been among the most commonly used materials for biomedical applications since the 1950 s.Due to the excellent mechanical tribological properties,corrosion resistance,biocompatibility,and antibacterial properties of titanium,it is getting much attention as a biomaterial for implants.Furthermore,titanium promotes osseointegration without any additional adhesives by physically bonding with the living bone at the implant site.These properties are crucial for producing high-strength metallic alloys for biomedical applications.Titanium alloys are manufactured into the three types ofα,β,andα+β.The scientific and clinical understanding of titanium and its potential applications,especially in the biomedical field,are still in the early stages.This review aims to establish a credible platform for the current and future roles of titanium in biomedicine.We first explore the developmental history of titanium.Then,we review the recent advancement of the utility of titanium in diverse biomedical areas,its functional properties,mechanisms of biocompatibility,host tissue responses,and various relevant antimicrobial strategies.Future research will be directed toward advanced manufacturing technologies,such as powder-based additive manufacturing,electron beam melting and laser melting deposition,as well as analyzing the effects of alloying elements on the biocompatibility,corrosion resistance,and mechanical properties of titanium.Moreover,the role of titania nanotubes in regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications,such as localized drug delivery system,immunomodulatory agents,antibacterial agents,and hemocompatibility,is investigated,and the paper concludes with the future outlook of titanium alloys as biomaterials. | Masoud Sarraf Erfan Rezvani Ghomi Saeid Alipour Seeram Ramakrishna Nazatul Liana Sukiman | 2022 | Bio-Design and Manufacturing2022，5，2： | 8 |
| 10 | Crystalline texture evolution, control of the tribocorrosion behavior, and significant enhancement of the abrasion properties of a Ni-P nanocomposite coating enhanced by zirconia nanoparticles显示文摘This paper describes an investigation of the effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the abrasive properties,crystalline texture developments,and tribocorrosion behavior of Ni-P nanostructured coatings.In the investigation,Ni-P and Ni-P-ZrO2 nanostructured coatings are deposited on St52 steel via the electroless method.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),cyclic-static polarization tests in 3.5wt%NaCl solution,the tribocorrosion test(by back-and-forth wear in electrochemical cell),and the microhardness test using the Vickers method were performed to characterize and analyze the deposited coatings.The results of this study showed that the addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles to the Ni-P electroless bath produced the following:a sharp increase in wear and hardness resistance,the change of the wear mechanism from sheet to adhesive mode,the reduction of pitting corrosion resistance,significant reduction in the tribocorrosion protective properties,change in the preferred orientation of the crystalline texture coating from(111)to(200),increase in the sedimentation rate during the deposit process,and a sharp increase in the thickness of the Ni-P nanostructured coatings. | Masoud Sabzi Saeid Mersagh Dezfuli Zohre Balak | 2019 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2019，26，8： | 7 |
| 11 | Hepatitis B and liver transplantation: Molecular and clinical features that influence recurrence and outcome显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that about 350 million people throughout the world are chronically infected with HBV. Some of these people will develop hepatic cirrhosis with decompensation and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. For such patients, liver transplantation may be the only hope for cure or real improvement in quality and quantity of life. Formerly, due to rapidity of recurrence of HBV infection after liver transplantation, usually rapidly progressive, liver transplantation was considered to be contraindicated. This changed dramatically following the demonstration that hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG), could prevent recurrent HBV infection. HBIG has been the standard of care for the past two decades or so. Recently, with the advent of highly active inhibitors of the ribose nucleic acid polymerase of HBV(entecavir, tenofovir), there has been growing evidence that HBIG needs to be given for shorter lengths of time; indeed, it may no longer be necessary at all. In this review, we describe genetic variants of HBV and past, present, and future prophylaxis of HBV infection during and after liver transplantation. We have reviewed the extant medical literature on the subject of infection with the HBV, placing particular emphasis upon the prevention and treatment of recurrent HBV during and after liver transplantation. For the review, we searched PubMed for all papers on the subject of 'hepatitis B virus AND liver transplantation'. We describe some of the more clinically relevant and important genetic variations in the HBV. We also describe current practices at our medical centers, provide a summary and analysis of comparative costs for alternative strategies for prevention of recurrent HBV, and pose important still unanswered questions that are in need of answers during the next decade or two. We conclude that it is now rational and cost-effective to decrease and, perhaps, cease altogether, the routine use of HBIG during and following liver transplantation for HBV infection. Here we propose an individualized prophylaxis regimen, based on an integrated approach and risk-assessment. | Tahereh Ghaziani Hossein Sendi Saeid Shahraz Philippe Zamor Herbert L Bonkovsky | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 7 |
| 12 | Correlation between process parameters,grain size and hardness of friction-stir-welded Cu-Zn alloys显示文摘In this study, the effects of tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, and Zn content on the grain size and hardness of the friction-stir-welded(FSWed) Cu-Zn alloy joints were investigated. The microstructures of the joints were examined using optical microscope(OM) and scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM).Vickers hardness test was conducted to evaluate the hardness of the joints. In addition, the relationships between the process parameters, grain size, and hardness of the joints were established. The results show that the developed relationships predict the grain size and hardness of the joints accurately. The Zn content of the alloys is the most effective parameter on the grain size and hardness, where the tool traverse speed has the minimum effect. The relationship between the hardness and grain size of the joints has a deviation from the Hall-Petch equation due to formation of high dislocation density inside the grains. At higher Zn amounts, the dislocation tangles with high density form instead of dislocation cells, and hence, lower conformity with the Hall-Petch relationship is observed. | Akbar Heidarzadeh Tohid Saeid | 2018 | Rare Metals2018，37，5： | 6 |
| 13 | Deep Imitation Learning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Convolutional Neural Networks显示文摘Providing autonomous systems with an effective quantity and quality of information from a desired task is challenging. In particular, autonomous vehicles, must have a reliable vision of their workspace to robustly accomplish driving functions. Speaking of machine vision, deep learning techniques, and specifically convolutional neural networks, have been proven to be the state of the art technology in the field. As these networks typically involve millions of parameters and elements, designing an optimal architecture for deep learning structures is a difficult task which is globally under investigation by researchers. This study experimentally evaluates the impact of three major architectural properties of convolutional networks, including the number of layers, filters, and filter size on their performance. In this study, several models with different properties are developed,equally trained, and then applied to an autonomous car in a realistic simulation environment. A new ensemble approach is also proposed to calculate and update weights for the models regarding their mean squared error values. Based on design properties,performance results are reported and compared for further investigations. Surprisingly, the number of filters itself does not largely affect the performance efficiency. As a result, proper allocation of filters with different kernel sizes through the layers introduces a considerable improvement in the performance.Achievements of this study will provide the researchers with a clear clue and direction in designing optimal network architectures for deep learning purposes. | Parham M.Kebria Abbas Khosravi Syed Moshfeq Salaken Saeid Nahavandi | 2020 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2020，7，1： | 6 |
| 14 | Comparison of fatty acid composition in total lipid of diapause and non-diapause larvae of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)显示文摘在从 Cydia pomonella L 的整个身体提取的全部的类脂化合物的脂肪酸作文的季节的变化。幼虫被气体色层法决定。在 non-diapause 和幼鳕蛾的滞育幼虫的六很丰富的脂肪酸是油的(35%-39%) ,十六酸(23%-33%) ,罂酸(16%-30%) , palmitoleic (5%-10%) ,硬脂(1.5%—3.0%) 并且亚麻酸(1.0%-2.5%) 。这代表鳞翅类的脂肪酸的典型补充。C 的全部的类脂化合物的脂肪酸作文。pomonella 幼虫与滞育有关。在到大多数另外的报告的类似,不饱和脂肪酸的比例处于滞育开始状态增加了。滞育幼虫的 Thetotal 类脂化合物包含了更多的亚油酸(25.8% 对 16.1%) 和更少的棕榈酸(24.7% 对 33.4%) ,比 non-diapause 幼虫的。亚油酸(C18:2 ) 的重量百分比从 16% ~ 26% 增加了从早 --8 月通过早 --9 月在转变 todiapause 期间,当棕榈酸(C16:0 ) 同时从 33% ~ 25% 减少了时。这些变化导致了比率的增加对在滞育幼虫的到 2.63 的从 1.72 innon-diapause 幼虫的饱和脂肪酸(UFA/SFA ) 不饱和。 | ABBAS KHANI SAEID MOHARRAMIPOUR MOHSEN BARZEGAR HOSSEIN NADERI-MANESH | 2007 | Insect Science2007，14，2： | 6 |
| 15 | Comparative life table analysis of Tetranychus urticae (Acari Tetranychidae) on 14 soybean genotypes显示文摘two-spotted 的生活表格参数搜寻螨(TSSM ) , Tetranychus urticae Koch,在 14 大豆遗传型上(莎丽服, Sahar, Tellar, Zane, Ks3494, L17, Dpx, 032, 033,克拉克,希尔, I27, Tms 和威廉斯) 在 28 点被评估 ?楬 吗? | Amin Sedaratian Yaghoub Fathipour Saeid Moharramipour | 2011 | Insect Science2011，18，5： | 5 |
| 16 | Design,development and evaluation of an online grading system for peeled pistachios equipped with machine vision technology and support vector machine显示文摘In this study,an intelligent system based on combined machine vision(MV)and Support Vector Machine(SVM)was developed for sorting of peeled pistachio kernels and shells.The system was composed of conveyor belt,lighting box,camera,processing unit and sorting unit.A color CCD camera was used to capture images.The images were digitalized by a capture card and transferred to a personal computer for further analysis.Initially,images were converted from RGB color space to HSV color ones.For segmentation of the acquired images,H-component in the HSV color space and Otsu thresholding method were applied.A feature vector containing 30 color features was extracted from the captured images.A feature selection method based on sensitivity analysis was carried out to select superior features.The selected features were presented to SVM classifier.Various SVM models having a different kernel function were developed and tested.The SVM model having cubic polynomial kernel function and 38 support vectors achieved the best accuracy(99.17%)and then was selected to use in online decision-making unit of the system.By launching the online system,it was found that limiting factors of the system capacity were related to the hardware parts of the system(conveyor belt and pneumatic valves used in the sorting unit).The limiting factors led to a distance of 8 mm between the samples.The overall accuracy and capacity of the sorter were obtained 94.33% and 22.74 kg/h,respectively. | Hosein Nouri-Ahmadabadi Mahmoud Omid Seyed Saeid Mohtasebi Mahmoud Soltani Firouz | 2017 | Information Processing in Agriculture2017，4，4： | 5 |
| 17 | Effect of melting temperature on microstructural evolutions, behavior and corrosion morphology of Hadfield austenitic manganese steel in the casting process显示文摘In this study, the effect of melting temperature on the microstructural evolutions, behavior, and corrosion morphology of Hadfield steel in the casting process is investigated. The mold was prepared by the sodium silicate/CO_2 method, using a blind riser, and then the desired molten steel was obtained using a coreless induction furnace. The casting was performed at melting temperatures of 1350, 1400, 1450, and 1500°C, and the cast blocks were immediately quenched in water. Optical microscopy was used to analyze the microstructure, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractrometry(XRD) were used to analyze the corrosion morphology and phase formation in the microstructure, respectively. The corrosion behavior of the samples was analyzed using a potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) in 3.5 wt% NaCl. The optical microscopy observations and XRD patterns show that the increase in melting temperature led to a decrease of carbides and an increase in the austenite grain size in the Hadfield steel microstructure. The corrosion tests results show that with increasing melting temperature in the casting process, Hadfield steel shows a higher corrosion resistance. The SEM images of the corrosion morphologies show that the reduction of melting temperature in the Hadfield steel casting process induced micro-galvanic corrosion conditions. | Masoud Sabzi Sadegh Moeini Far Saeid Mersagh Dezfuli | 2018 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2018，25，12： | 5 |
| 18 | An overview of carbon nanotubes role in heavy metals removal from wastewater显示文摘The scarcity of water, mainly in arid and semiarid areas of the world is exerting exceptional pressure on sources and necessitates offering satisfactory water for human and different uses. Water recycle/reuse has confirmed to be successful and promising in reliable water delivery. For that reason, attention is being paid to the effective treatment of alternative resources of water (other than fresh water) which includes seawater, storm water, wastewater (e.g., dealt with sewage water), and industrial wastewater. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are called the technology of 21st century. Nowadays CNTs have been widely used for adsorption of heavy metals from water/ wastewater due to their unique physical and chemical properties. This paper reviews some recent progress (from 2013 to 2018) in the application of CNTs for the adsorption of heavy metals in order to remove toxic pollutants from contaminated water. CNTs are expected to be a promising adsorbent in the future because of its high adsorption potential in comparison to many traditional adsorbents. | Leila Ouni Ali Ramazani Saeid Taghavi Fardood | 2019 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2019，13，2： | 5 |
| 19 | Multi-criteria technique for mapping of debris-covered and clean-ice glaciers in the Shaksgam valley using Landsat TM and ASTER GDEM显示文摘Glaciers in the Shaksgam valley provide important fresh water resources to neighbourhood livelihood. Repeated creation of the glacier inventories is important to assess glacier–climate interactions and to predict future runoff from glacierized catchments. For this study, we applied a multi-criteria technique to map the glaciers of the Shaksgam valley of China, using Landsat Thematic Mapper(Landsat TM)(2009) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model version two(ASTER GDEM V2) data. The geomorphometric parameters slope, plan, and profile curvature were generated from ASTER GDEM. Then they were organized in similar surface groups using cluster analysis. For accurate mapping of supraglacial debris area, clustering results were combined with a thermal mask generated from the Landsat TM thermal band. The debris-free glaciers were identified using the band ratio(TM band 4/TM band 5) technique. Final vector maps of the glaciers were created using overlay tools in a geographic information system(GIS).Accuracy of the generated glacier outlines was assessed through comparison with glacier outlines based on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory(SCGI) data and glacier outlines created from high-resolution Google Earth? images of 2009. Glacier areas derived using the proposed approach were 3% less than in the reference datasets. Furthermore, final glacier maps show satisfactory mapping results, but identification of the debris-cover glacier terminus(covered by thick debris layer) is still problematic. Therefore, manual editing was necessary to improve the final glacier maps. | Alifu HAIRETI Ryutaro TATEISHI Bayan ALSAAIDEH Saeid GHARECHELOU | 2016 | Journal of Mountain Science2016，13，4： | 5 |
| 20 | Reciprocal impact of host factors and Helicobacter pylori genotypes on gastric diseases显示文摘AIM: To assess the impact of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) genotypes and patient age and sex on the development of gastric diseases.METHODS: H. pylori-infected patients(n = 233) referred to the endoscopy unit at Tehran University of Medical Sciences(Tehran,Iran) were diagnosed with chronic gastritis(CG),gastric ulcer(GU),or duodenal ulcer(DU). Brucella blood agar was used for biopsy cultures and H. pylori isolation under microaerobic conditions. H. pylori isolates were confirmed with biochemical tests and through amplification of the 16 S r RNA gene. DNA was extracted from fresh cultures of the H. pylori isolates and used for amplification of vac A alleles and the cag A gene. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the association between H. pylori genotypes,age(< 40 years vs > 40 years) and sex of the patient,and gastric diseases.RESULTS: CG was the most prevalent gastric disease(113/233; 48.5%),compared to GU(64/233; 27.5%)and DU(56/233; 24%). More patients were male,and gastric diseases were more frequent in patients > 40 years(P < 0.05). The percentage of CG and GU patients that were male and female did not show a significant difference; however DU was more common in males(P < 0.05). Interestingly,a diagnosis of CG in patients > 40 years was more common in females(18.5%) than males(11.6%)(P = 0.05),whereas a diagnosis of GU or DU in patients > 40 years was more frequent in males(14.6% vs 10.7% and 12.4% vs 4.3%,respectively). Overall,genotyping of the H. pylori isolates revealed that the vac A s1(82%),vac A m2(70%),and cag A+(72.5%) alleles were more frequent than vac A s2(18%),vac A m1(29.2%),and cag A-(all P < 0.05). The vac A s1m2 cag A+ genotype was the most prevalent within the three disease groups. vac A s1m2 frequency was 56.2% with a similar occurrence in all diagnoses,while vac A s1m1 appeared more often in DU patients(33.9%). A genotype of vac A s2m2 occurred in 15% of isolates and was more common in CG patients(21.2%); vac A s2m1 was the least common genotype(3%). The vac A s1 allele was found to be a risk factor for DU,vac A s2 for CG,and vac A s1 and vac A s2 for GU(all P < 0.05). The vac A s2m2 genotype was associated with the development of CG and GU compared to DU(P < 0.05). No correlation was found between vac A m or cag A and gastric diseases.CONCLUSION: The outcome of H. pylori infection is the result of interaction between bacterial genotypes and the age and sex of infected individuals. | Sahar Honarmand-Jahromy Farideh Siavoshi Reza Malekzadeh Taher Nejad Sattari Saeid Latifi-Navid | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，31： | 5 |
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