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| 1 | Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility,nitrogen balance,rumen fermentation,microbiota and methane emissions in goats显示文摘Background: Urea pretreatment is an efficient strategy to improve fiber digestibility of low quality roughages for ruminants. Nitrate and oil are usually used to inhibit enteric methane(CH4) emissions from ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation to the diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen(N) balance, CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbiota in goats. Nine female goats were used in a triple 3 × 3 Latin Square design(27 d periods). The treatments were: control(untreated rice straw, no added corn oil), rice straw pretreated with urea and nitrate(34 and 4.7 g/kg of rice straw on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively, UN), and UN diet supplemented with corn oil(15 g/kg soybean and15 g/kg corn were replaced by 30 g/kg corn oil, DM basis, UNCO).Results: Compared with control, UN increased neutral detergent fiber(NDF) digestibility(P < 0.001) and copies of protozoa(P < 0.001) and R. albus(P < 0.05) in the rumen, but decreased N retention(-21.2%, P < 0.001), dissolved hydrogen concentration(-22.8%, P < 0.001), molar proportion of butyrate(-18.2%, P < 0.05),(acetate + butyrate) to propionate ratio(P < 0.05) and enteric CH4 emissions(-10.2%, P < 0.05). In comparison with UN, UNCO increased N retention(+34.9%, P < 0.001) and decreased copies of protozoa(P < 0.001) and methanogens(P < 0.001). Compared with control, UNCO increased NDF digestibility(+8.3%, P < 0.001), reduced ruminal dissolved CH4 concentration(-24.4%, P < 0.001) and enteric CH4 emissions(-12.6%, P < 0.05).Conclusions: A combination of rice straw pretreated with urea plus nitrate and corn oil supplementation of the diet improved fiber digestibility and lowered enteric CH4 emissions without negative effects on N retention. These strategies improved the utilization of rice straw by goats. | Xiumin Zhang Rodolfo F.Medrano Min Wang Karen A.Beauchemin Zhiyuan Ma Rong Wang Jiangnan Wen Lukuyu A.Bernard Zhiliang Tan | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，2： | 10 |
| 2 | What decline in pain intensity is meaningful to patients with acute pain?显示文摘 | Soledad CM Juan MA Rodolfo P | 2003 | Pain2003，105，2003： | 1 |
| 3 | Risk factors for vascular dementia:Hypotension as a key point显示文摘 | Rita M Paola T Rodolfo MA | 2008 | Vascular Health and Risk Management2008，4，2： | 1 |
| 4 | The selective retinoic acid receptor-α agonist AM580 fails to control autoimmune neuroinflammation显示文摘Environmental cues provided by products from the diet,gut microbiota metabolism,and exposure to sunlight are sensed by specific receptors that drive a specific genomic profile in immune cells and influence the outcome of multiple sclerosis(MS),an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system(CNS),1 which affects approximately 2.3 million people worldwide.2 Among these receptors,the ligand-activated transcription factor retinoic acid receptorα(RAR-α)senses retinoic acid and other ligands to promote the transcription of genes that have retinoic acid receptor elements in their promoter region.3 Supplementation with all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA),a metabolite of vitamin A,ameliorates inflammation in MS and the corresponding animal model,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),by shifting the balance between Th17/regulatory T cells(Tregs)and inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells.4,5 To overcome the weaknesses associated with ATRA agonists,e.g.,instability,poor bioavailability and nonselective binding to a broad range of retinoid receptors,a variety of synthetic agonists specifically targeting RAR have been developed.6 One of them,AM80,inhibits Th17 cells and suppress acute neuroinflammation;however,continuous AM80 treatment is ineffective,most likely because AM80 also inhibits Tregs and IL-10 production.6 AM580,a stable benzoic derivative of retinoic acid and a selective RAR-αagonist,has been recently shown to significantly reduce the production of Th1 cytokines but promote Th2 cytokines in human PBMCs7 and to inhibit microglial activation,thus acting beneficially in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.8 In addition,AM580 protects retinal cells against diabetes-induced apoptosis by inducing neurotrophic factors.9 However,whether it has a protective effect on neuroinflammation is unknown. | Qing Wang Rodolfo Thome Abdolmohamad Rostami Cun-Gen Ma Guang-Xian Zhang | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，8： | 0 |
| 5 | New challenges in the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer显示文摘Immunotherapy has represented one of the main medical revolutions of recent decades,and is currently a consolidated treatment for different types of tumors at different stages and scenarios,and is present in a multitude of clinical trials.One of the diseases in which it is most developed is non-small cell lung cancer.The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer in general and lung cancer in particular currently represents one of the main focuses of basic and clinical research in oncology,due to the synergy of this interaction,which can improve tumor response,resulting in improved survival and disease control.In this review we present the biochemical and molecular basis of the interaction between radiotherapy and immunotherapy.We also present the current clinical status of this interaction in each of the stages and cases of non-small cell lung cancer,with the main results obtained in the different studies both in terms of tumor response and survival as well as toxicity.Finally,we mention the main studies underway and the challenges of this interaction in the coming years,including how these treatments should be combined to achieve the greatest efficacy with the fewest possible side effects(dose,type of radiotherapy and drugs,sequence of treatments). | Javier Luna Juan Zafra Ma Carmen Areses Manrique Aurora Rodríguez Amalia Sotoca Jose Luis Fírvida Rodolfo Chicas-Sett Xabier Mielgo Juan Carlos Trujillo Reyes Felipe Couñago | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2021，12，11： | 0 |
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