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| 1 | Non invasive blood flow measurement in cerebellum detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy earlier than psychometric tests显示文摘AIM: To assess whether non invasive blood flow measurement by arterial spin labeling in several brain regions detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS: Blood flow(BF) was analyzed by arterial spin labeling(ASL) in different brain areas of 14 controls, 24 cirrhotic patients without and 16 cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE). Images were collected using a 3 Tesla MR scanner(Achieva 3T-TX, Philips, Netherlands). Pulsed ASL was performed. Patients showing MHE were detected using the battery Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score(PHES) consisting of five tests. Different cognitive and motor functions were also assessed: alterations in selective attention were evaluated using the Stroop test. Patients and controls also performed visuo-motor and bimanual coordination tests. Several biochemical parameters were measured: serum pro-inflammatory interleukins(IL-6 and IL-18), 3-nitrotyrosine, cGMP and nitrates+nitrites in plasma, and blood ammonia. Bivariate correlations were evaluated.RESULTS: In patients with MHE, BF was increased in cerebellar hemisphere(P = 0.03) and vermis(P = 0.012) and reduced in occipital lobe(P = 0.017). BF in cerebellar hemisphere was also increased in patients without MHE(P = 0.02). Bimanual coordination was impaired in patients without MHE(P = 0.05) and much more in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Visuo-motor coordination was impaired only in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Attention was slightly affected in patients without MHE and more strongly in patients with MHE(P< 0.0001). BF in cerebellar hemisphere and vermis correlated with performance in most tests of PHES [(number connection tests A(NCT-A), B(NCT-B)and line tracing test] and in the congruent task of Stroop test. BF in frontal lobe correlated with NCT-A. Performance in bimanual and visuomotor coordination tests correlated only with BF in cerebellar hemisphere. BF in occipital lobe correlates with performance in the PHES battery and with CFF. BF in cerebellar hemisphere correlates with plasma cGMP and nitric oxide(NO) metabolites. BF in vermis cerebellar also correlates with NO metabolites and with 3-nitrotyrosine. IL-18 in plasma correlates with BF in thalamus and occipital lobe.CONCLUSION: Non invasive BF determination in cerebellum using ASL may detect MHE earlier than the PHES. Altered NO-cGMP pathway seems to be associated to altered BF in cerebellum. | Vicente Felipo Amparo Urios Carla Giménez-Garzó Omar Cauli Maria-Jesús Andrés-Costa Olga González Miguel A Serra Javier Sánchez-González Roberto Aliaga Remedios Giner-Durán Vicente Belloch Carmina Montoliu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 12 |
| 2 | Liver steatosis in hepatitis C patients显示文摘There is controversy regarding some aspects of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection-associated liver steatosis,and their relationship with body fat stores. It has classically been found that HCV,especially genotype 3,exerts direct metabolic effects which lead to liver steatosis. This supports the existence of a so called viral steatosis and a metabolic steatosis,whichwould affect HCV patients who are also obese or diabetics. In fact,several genotypes exert metabolic effects which overlap with some of those observed in the metabolic syndrome. In this review we will analyse the pathogenic pathways involved in the development of steatosis in HCV patients. Several cytokines and adipokines also become activated and are involved in 'pure' steatosic effects,in addition to inflammation. They are probably responsible for the evolution of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis,making it difficult to explain why such alterations only affect a proportion of steatosic patients. | Emilio González-Reimers Geraldine Quintero-Platt Melchor Rodríguez-Gaspar Remedios Alemán-Valls Onán Pérez-Hernández Francisco Santolaria-Fernández | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，10： | 3 |
| 3 | Factors associated with early virological response to peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic/clinical factors on early virological response (EVR) to pegin-terferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study in Hepatology Units of 91 Spanish hospitals. CHC patients treated with peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin were included. EVR was defined as undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-ribonucleic acid (RNA) or ≥ 2 log HCV-RNA decrease after 12 wk of treatment. A bivariate analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with EVR was carried out. Independent factors associated with an EVR were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis that included the following baseline demographic and clinical variables: age (≤ 40 years vs > 40 years), gender, race, educational level, marital status and family status, weight, alcohol and tobacco consumption, source of HCV infection, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (≤ 85 IU/mL vs > 85 IU/mL), serum ferritin, serum HCV-RNA concentration (< 400 000 vs ≥ 400 000), genotype (1/4 vs 3/4), cirrhotic status and ribavirin dose (800/1000/1200 mg/d).RESULTS: A total of 1014 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 44.3 ± 9.8 years, 70% were male, and 97% were Caucasian. The main sources of HCV infection were intravenous drug abuse (25%) and blood transfusion (23%). Seventyeight percent were infected with HCV genotype 1/4 (68% had genotype 1) and 22% with genotypes 2/3. The HCV-RNA level was > 400 000 IU/mL in 74% of patients. The mean ALT and AST levels were 88.4 ± 69.7 IU/mL and 73.9 ± 64.4 IU/mL, respectively, and mean GGT level was 82 ± 91.6 IU/mL. The mean ferritin level was 266 ± 284.8 μg/L. Only 6.2% of patients presented with cirrhosis. All patients received 180 mg of peginterferon α-2a. The most frequently used ribavirin doses were 1000 mg/d (41%) and 1200 mg/d (41%). The planned treatment duration was 48 wk for 92% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 24 wk for 97% of those with genotype 1/4 (P < 0.001). Seven percent of patients experienced at least one reduction in ribavirin or peginterferon α-2a dose, respectively. Only 2% of patients required a dose reduction of both drugs. Treatment was continued until week 12 in 99% of patients. Treatment compliance was ≥ 80% in 98% of patients. EVR was achieved in 87% of cases (96% vs 83% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 1/4, respectively; P < 0.001). The bivariate analysis showed that patients who failed to achieve EVR were older (P < 0.005), had higher ALT (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.05), GGT (P < 0.001) and ferritin levels (P < 0.001), a diagnosis of cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and a higher baseline viral load (P < 0.05) than patients reaching an EVR. Age < 40 years [odds ratios (OR): 0.543, 95%CI: 0.373-0.790, P < 0.01], GGT < 85 IU/mL (OR: 3.301, 95%CI: 0.192-0.471, P < 0.001), low ferritin levels (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P < 0.01) and genotype other than 1/4 (OR: 4.716, 95%CI: 2.010-11.063, P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors for EVR in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: CHC patients treated with peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in clinical practice show high EVR. Older age, genotype 1/4, and high GGT were associated with lack of EVR. | Javier García-Samaniego Miriam Romero Rafael Granados Remedios Alemán Miguel Jorge Juan Dolores Suárez Ramón Pérez Gregorio Castellano Carlos González-Portela | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，12： | 2 |
| 4 | Adipokines,cytokines and body fat stores in hepatitis Cvirus liver steatosis显示文摘AIM: To identify patients with or without liver steatosis and its severity in treatment-na?ve patients affected by hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection.METHODS: We included 56 HCV infected patients, and assessed the amount of liver fat by histomorphometry, and its relationships with fat and lean mass at different parts of the body(by densitometry), hormones [insulin, homeostatic model assessment(HOMA)], adipokines(resistin, adiponectin, leptin), and cytokines(tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6).RESULTS: Although the intensity of liver steatosis is related to trunk fat mass and HOMA, 33% of patients showed no liver steatosis, and this finding was not related to body mass index or genotype. Besides trunkfat mass, no other factor was related to the presence or not of liver steatosis, or to the intensity of it, by multivariate analysis. Lean mass was not related to liver steatosis. Adiponectin levels were lower among patients. No differences were observed in leptin and resistin.CONCLUSION: Steatosis in HCV infection is common(67.2%), and closely related to trunk fat, and insulin resistance, but not with leg fat mass or adipokines. | emilio gonzález-reimers javier lópez-prieto geraldine quintero-platt ricardo pelazas-gonzález m remedios alemán-valls onán pérez-hernández m joséde-la-vega-prieto m angeles gómez-rodríguez candelaria martín-gonzález francisco santolaria-fernández | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Wound care and diabetic foot显示文摘 | Armstrong D Dos Remedios E Andersen C | 2009 | Foot Ankle Spec2009，2，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Antibody arrays: an embryonic but rapidly growing technology 显示文摘 | Lal SP Christopherson Rl dos Remedios CG | 2002 | Drug Discov Today2002，7，18： | 1 |
| 7 | Osteometry of the Chinese proximat femur 显示文摘 | Fang D Chiu KY Remedios ID | 1996 | J Orthop Surg1996，4，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Double-antibody radioimmunoassay of thyroid microsomal antibody in serum显示文摘 | Weber P M Remedios L V | 1981 | Clin Chem1981，27，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Myocardial and systemic iron depletion in heart failure implications for anemia accompanying heart failure显示文摘 | Maeder MT Khammy O dos Remedios C | 2011 | J Am Coil Cardiol2011，58，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Actin binding proteins: regulation of cytoskeletal microfilaments显示文摘 | Dos Remedios CG Chhabra D Kekic M | 2003 | Physiol Rev2003，83，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Bone and bone healing 显示文摘 | Remedios A | 1999 | Vet Clin North Am Small Anita Pract1999，29，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Actin binding proteins:regulation of cytoskeletal microfilaments显示文摘 | Dos Remedios CG Chhabra D Kekic M | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 13 | Development of a stir bar sorptive extraction method coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile compounds in Sherry brandy显示文摘 | Raúl Delgado Enrique Durán Remedios Castro Ramón Natera Carmelo G. Barroso | 2010 | Analytica Chimica Acta2010，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Orogenital ulceration with overlapping tubereulosis: epiphenomenon or expanding spectrum of Behcet disease显示文摘 | Hamill M Remedios D Kapembwa M | 2006 | J Low Genit Tract Dis2006，10，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Clinical significance of colorectal cancer: Metastases in lymph nodes <5 mm in size显示文摘 | Dr. Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas MD Sherif Maamoun MD Thomas K. Weber MBBS Remedios B. Penetrante MD Leslie E. Blumenson PhD Nicholas J. Petrelli MD | 1996 | Annals of Surgical Oncology1996，，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of rice lines transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes on the brown planthopper and its predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis显示文摘 | Carmencita C. Bernal Remedios M. Aguda Michael B. Cohen | 2002 | Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata2002，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Actin binding proteins:regulation of cytoskeletal microfilaments显示文摘 | Remedios DCG Chhabra D Kekic M | 2003 | Physiol Rev2003，83，： | 1 |
| 18 | The N-terminal fragment of GSN inhibits the interaction of DNase I with isolated actin, but not with the cofilin-actin complex 显示文摘 | Chhabra D Nosworthy N J dos Remedios CG | 2005 | Proteomics2005，5，： | 1 |
| 19 | Influence of metallic content of fino sherry wine on its susceptibility to browning 显示文摘 | Patricia Bemteza Remedios Castroa Jose Antonio Sanchez Pazob | 2002 | Food Research Intemational2002，35，： | 1 |
| 20 | Effects of cadmium exposure on the ultrastructure of hepatopancreatic cells of Thais haemastoma (gastropoda, prosobranchia) 显示文摘 | Remedios Rubio M Pedro Tineo Javier Diaz | 1993 | Marine Environmental Research1993，35，12： | 1 |
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