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| 1 | Vitamin D improves inflammatory bowel disease outcomes:Basic science and clinical review显示文摘Vitamin D deficiency is commonly diagnosed among patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Patients with IBD are at risk of low bone density and increased fractures due to low vitamin D levels,long standing disease,and frequent steroid exposures;as a result,it is well established that vitamin D supplementation in this population is important.There is increasing support for the role of vitamin D in strengthening the innate immune system by acting as an immunomodulator and reducing inflammation in experimental and human IBD.The active form of vitamin D,1,25(OH)D3,acts on T cells to promote T helper(Th)2/regulatory T responses over Th1/Th17 responses;suppresses dendritic cell inflammatory activity;induces antibacterial activity;and regulates cytokine production in favor of an antiinflammatory response.Murine and human IBD studies support a therapeutic role of vitamin D in IBD.Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in this population include decreased sunlight exposure,disease duration,smoking,and genetics.Vitamin D normalization is associated with reduced risk of relapse,reduced risk of IBD-related surgeries,and improvement in quality of life.Vitamin D is an inexpensive supplement which has been shown to improve IBD outcomes.However,further research is required to determine optimal serum vitamin D levels which will achieve beneficial immune effects,and stronger evidence is needed to support the role of vitamin D in inducing disease response and remission,as well as maintaining this improvement in patients’disease states. | Krista M Reich Richard N Fedorak Karen Madsen Karen I Kroeker | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，17： | 34 |
| 2 | Distance management of inflammatory bowel disease:Systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM:To review the effectiveness of distance management methods in the management of adult inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients.METHODS:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing distance management and standard clinic follow-up in the management of adult IBD patients.Distance management intervention was defined as any remote management method in which there is a patient self-management component whereby the patient interacts remotely via a self-guided management program,electronic interface,or self-directs open access to clinic follow up.The search strategy included electronic databases(Medline,PubMed,CINAHL,The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,EMBASE,KTPlus,Web of Science,and SCOPUS),conference proceedings,and internet search for web publications.The primary outcome was the mean difference in quality of life,and the secondary outcomes included mean difference in relapse rate,clinic visit rate,and hospital admission rate.Study selection,data extraction,and risk of bias assessment were completed by two independent reviewers.RESULTS:The search strategy identified a total of4061 articles,but only 6 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis.Three trials involved telemanagement,and three trials involved directed patient self-management and open access clinics.The total sample size was 1463 patients.There was a trend towards improved quality of life in distance management patients with an end IBDQ quality of life score being 7.28(95%CI:-3.25-17.81)points higher than standard clinic follow-up.There was a significant decrease in the clinic visit rate among distance management patients mean difference-1.08(95%CI:-1.60--0.55),but no significant change in relapse rate or hospital admission rate.CONCLUSION:Distance management of IBD significantly decreases clinic visit utilization,but does not significantly affect relapse rates or hospital admission rates. | Vivian W Huang Krista M Reich Richard N Fedorak | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，3： | 9 |
| 3 | Relation-ship of leaf dark respiration to leaf-nitrogen specific leaf area andleaf life span:a test across biomes and functional groups显示文摘 | REICH P B WALTERS M B ELLSWORTH D S | 1998 | Oecologia1998，114，： | 1 |
| 4 | Obesity and blood pressure:results from the examination of 2365 schoolchildren in Germany显示文摘 | Reich A Müller G Gelbrich G | 2003 | Int J Obes Relat Mecab Disord2003，27，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Leaf structure ( specific leaf area ) modulates photosynthesis-nltmg, en relations: evidences from with and across species and functional groups显示文摘 | Reich P B Ellsworth P S Waiters M B | 1998 | Functional Ecology1998，12，： | 1 |
| 6 | Renewable energy policy in Germany : pioneering and exemplary regulations 显示文摘 | BEEHBERGER M REICHE D | 2004 | Energy for Sustainable Development2004，7，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Generality of leaf train relationships : a test across six biomass 显示文摘 | Reich P B Ellsworth D S Waiters M B | 1999 | Ecology1999，80，： | 1 |
| 8 | Graft-versus-host disease like immunophenotype and apoptotic keratinocyte death in paraneoplastic pemphigus 显示文摘 | Reich K Brinck U Letschert M | 1999 | Br J Dermatol1999，141，4： | 1 |
| 9 | The worldwide leaf economics spectrum显示文摘 | WRIGHT I J REICH P B WESTOB Y M | 2004 | Nature2004，428，： | 1 |
| 10 | Anti-periodic solutions to nonmonotone evolution equations with discontinuous nonlinearities 显示文摘 | AIZICOVICI S MCKIBBEN M REICH S | 2001 | Nonlinea Analysis2001，43，： | 1 |
| 11 | A Theory of Labor Market Segmentation显示文摘 | Gordon D Edwards R Reich M | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 12 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Mlynek A Reich M Giannone L Treutterer W Behler K Blank H Buhler A Cole R Eixenberger H Fischer R Lohs A Lüddecke K Merkel R Neu G Ryter F Zasche D the ASDEX Upgrade Team | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Ischemia after carotid endarterectomy:comparison between transcranial Doppler sonography and diffusion -weighted MR im-aging显示文摘 | Reiche W Langenscheidt P | 2000 | AJNR Am J Neuroradiol2000，21，： | 1 |
| 14 | The world- wide leaf economies spectrum显示文摘 | Wright I J Reich P B Westoby M | 2004 | Nature2004，428，： | 1 |
| 15 | Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area and leaf lifespan: a test across biomes and functional groups显示文摘 | Reich P B Waiters M B Ellsworth D S | 1998 | Oecologia1998，114，： | 1 |
| 16 | Renewable energy policy in Germany : Pioneering And exemplary regulations 显示文摘 | Bechberger M Reiche D | 2004 | En- ergy for Sustainable Development2004，7，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Comparisons of structure and life span in roots and leaves among temperate trees显示文摘 | WITHINGTON J M REICH P B OLEKSYN J | 2006 | Ecological Monographs2006，76，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Neuropsychologic outcome after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in adults 显示文摘 | Reich DL Uysal S Sliwinski M | 1999 | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg1999，117，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Strategy shifts in leaf physiology, structure and nutrient content between species of high- and low-rainfall and high- and low-nutrient habitats 显示文摘 | WRIGHT I J REICH P B WESTOBY M | 2001 | Functional Ecology2001，15，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Experiments and obser- vations on seed dispersal by running water in Alpine flood- plain 显示文摘 | Bill H C Poschlod P Reich M | 1999 | Bull Geobot Inst ETH1999，65，： | 1 |
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