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| 1 | Orchestration between ILC2s and Th2 cells in shaping type 2 immune responses显示文摘The type 2 immune response is critical for host defense against large parasites such as helminths.On the other hand,dysregulation of the type 2 immune response may cause immunopathological conditions,including asthma,atopic dermatitis,rhinitis,and anaphylaxis.Thus,a balanced type 2 immune response must be achieved to mount effective protection against invading pathogens while avoiding immunopathology.The classical model of type 2 immunity mainly involves the differentiation of type 2 T helper(Th2)cells and the production of distinct type 2 cytokines,including interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-5,and IL-13.Group 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2s)were recently recognized as another important source of type 2 cytokines.Although eosinophils,mast cells,and basophils can also express type 2 cytokines and participate in type 2 immune responses to various degrees,the production of type 2 cytokines by the lymphoid lineages,Th2 cells,and ILC2s in particular is the central event during the type 2 immune response.In this review,we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how ILC2s and Th2 cells orchestrate type 2 immune responses through direct and indirect interactions. | Rama Krishna Gurram Jinfang Zhu | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，3： | 19 |
| 2 | Application of wireless sensor networks to aircraft control and health management systems显示文摘Use of fly-by-wire technology for aircraft flight controls have resulted in an improved performance and reliability along with achieving reduction in control system weight. Implementation of full authority digital engine control has also resulted in more intelligent, reliable, light-weight aircraft engine control systems. Greater reduction in weight can be achieved by replacing the wire harness with a wireless communication network. The first step towards fly-by-wireless control systems is likely to be the introduction of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs are already finding a variety of applications for both safety-critical and nonsafety critical distributed systems. Some of the many potential benefits of using WSN for aircraft systems include weight reduction, ease of maintenance and an increased monitoring capability. This paper discusses the application of WSN for several aircraft systems such as distributed aircraft engine control, aircraft flight control, aircraft engine and structural health monitoring systems. A brief description of each system is presented along with a discussion on the technological challenges. Future research directions for application of WSN in aircraft systems are also discussed. | Rama K. YEDAVALLI Rohit K. BELAPURKAR | 2011 | 控制理论与应用(英文版)2011，9，1： | 15 |
| 3 | Biliary strictures complicating living donor liver transplantation:Problems,novel insights and solutions显示文摘Biliary stricture complicating living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) is a relatively common complication, occurring in most transplant centres across the world. Cases of biliary strictures are more common in LDLT than in deceased donor liver transplantation. Endoscopic management is the mainstay for biliary strictures complicating LDLT and includes endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, sphincterotomy and stent placement(with or without balloon dilatation). The efficacy and safety profiles as well as outcomes of endoscopic management of biliary strictures complicating LDLT is an area that needs to be viewed in isolation, owing to its unique set of problems and attending complications; as such, it merits a tailored approach, which is yet to be well established. The diagnostic criteria applied to these strictures are not uniform and are over-reliant on imaging studies showing an anastomotic narrowing. It has to be kept in mind that in the setting of LDLT, a subjective anastomotic narrowing is present in most cases due to a mismatch in ductal diameters. However, whether this narrowing results in a functionally significant narrowing is a question that needs further study. In addition, wide variation in the endotherapy protocols practised in most centres makes it difficult to interpret the results and hampers our understanding of this topic. The outcome definition for endotherapy is also heterogenous and needs to be standardised to allow for comparison of data in this regard and establish a clinical practice guideline. There have been multiple studies in this area in the last 2 years, with novel findings that have provided solutions to some of these issues. This review endeavours to incorporate these new findings into the wider understanding of endotherapy for biliary strictures complicating LDLT, with specific emphasis on diagnosis of strictures in the LDLT setting, endotherapy protocols and outcome definitions. An attempt is made to present the best management options currently available as well as directions for future research in the area. | Harshavardhan B Rao Arjun Prakash Surendran Sudhindran Rama P Venu | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，19： | 14 |
| 4 | Epidural anesthesia is effective for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of pancreatic and biliary calculi显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of thoracic epidural analgesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). METHODS: ESWL is an effective, non-invasive technique for the treatment of difficult pancreatic and large bile duct calculi. The procedure is often painful and requires large doses of analgesics. Many different anesthetic techniques have been used. Patients with either large bile duct calculi or pancreatic duct calculi which could not be extracted by routine endoscopic methods were selected. Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) was routinely used in all the subjects unless contraindicated. Bupivacaine 0.25% with or without clonidine was used to block the segments D6 to D12. The dose was calculated depending on the age, height and weight of the patient. It was usually 1-2 mL per segment blocked.RESULTS: Ninety eight percent of the 1509 patients underwent ESWL under TEA. The subjects selected were within American Society of Anesthesiologists grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ. ESWL using EA permitted successful elimination of bile duct or pancreatic calculi with minimal morbidity. The procedure time was shorter in patients with TEA than in those who underwent ESWL under total intravenous anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Almost all patients undergoing ESWL with EA had effective blocks with a single catheter insertion and local anesthetic injection. | Santosh Darisetty Manu Tandan Duvvuru Nageshwar Reddy Rama Kotla Rajesh Gupta Mohan Ramchandani Sandeep Lakhtakia Guduru Venkat Rao Rupa Banerjee | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2010，2，5： | 13 |
| 5 | Deep learning analysis of defect and phase evolution during electron beam-induced transformations in WS_(2)显示文摘Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)allow the real-time visualization of solid-state transformations in materials,including those induced by an electron beam and temperature,with atomic resolution.However,despite the ever-expanding capabilities for high-resolution data acquisition,the inferred information about kinetics and thermodynamics of the process,and single defect dynamics and interactions is minimal.This is due to the inherent limitations of manual ex situ analysis of the collected volumes of data.To circumvent this problem,we developed a deep-learning framework for dynamic STEM imaging that is trained to find the lattice defects and apply it for mapping solid state reactions and transformations in layered WS_(2).The trained deep-learning model allows extracting thousands of lattice defects from raw STEM data in a matter of seconds,which are then classified into different categories using unsupervised clustering methods.We further expanded our framework to extract parameters of diffusion for sulfur vacancies and analyzed transition probabilities associated with switching between different configurations of defect complexes consisting of Mo dopant and sulfur vacancy,providing insight into pointdefect dynamics and reactions.This approach is universal and its application to beam-induced reactions allows mapping chemical transformation pathways in solids at the atomic level. | Artem Maksov Ondrej Dyck Kai Wang Kai Xiao David B.Geohegan Bobby G.Sumpter Rama K.Vasudevan Stephen Jesse Sergei V.Kalinin Maxim Ziatdinov | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 11 |
| 6 | Regulation of inflammasomes by ubiquitination显示文摘Inflammasomes 是由响应病原体暴露或细胞的损坏便于煽动性的 cytokines 的版本调整天生的有免疫力的反应的多蛋白质建筑群。支持 inflammatory inflammasome 发信号是重要的招待防卫,帮助开始跟随侮辱到主机,而是罐头的织物修理的进程有害,当过多或长期时。因此, inflammasome 活动紧被调整。这里,我们讨论 inflammasome 规定的一批评机制, ubiquitination,那作为蛋白质稳定性和 trafficking 的一个通用调节的人工作。最近的研究由蛋白质 ubiquitination 提供了重要卓见进 inflammasome 激活的规定。明确地,当它联系到 ubiquitination,我们考察 inflammasome 功能的分子的规定,并且讨论含意让治疗学的发展明确地指向异常 inflammasome 发信号。 | Joseph S Bednash Rama K Mallampalli | 2016 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2016，13，6： | 10 |
| 7 | 印度小圆胸小蠹的一种新寄主植物(英文)显示文摘自然条件下印度小圆胸小蠹Euwallacea fornicatus(Eichhoff,1868)在茶树枝条虫瘿内取食,是茶的重要害虫之一,以茶蛀虫著称。2010年5-8月,在印度MugaEri研究中心3号农场(Lahdoigarh,Jorhat-Assam)的黄心树Persea bombycina Kost.(樟科)种植园中发现该虫有自然分布,且已对黄心树造成了明显的危害。黄心树为小圆胸小蠹一种新纪录的寄主植物。本文对小圆胸小蠹的寄主范围、分布、生物学和生活史等进行了讨论。 | Rajesh KUMAR Girin RAJKHOWA Mattipalli SANKAR Rama Krishnan RAJAN | 2011 | 昆虫学报2011，54，6： | 7 |
| 8 | Differences in Tree Species Diversity and Soil Nutrient Status in a Tropical Sacred Forest Ecosystem on Niyamgiri Hill Range,Eastern Ghats,India显示文摘We have quantitatively analyzed the tree species diversity with respect to soil nutrient status in three sites of a sacred forest ecosystem of Niyamgiri hill range,Eastern Ghats,India.Extensive field surveys and sampling were conducted in 3 sites of the hill range:Site 1 Pterocarpus dominated forest(PTF)(19°40'02.2' N and 83°21'23.1' E),Site 2 Mangifera dominated forest(MAF)(19°40'02.8' N and 83°21'40.8' E) and Site 3 Mixed forest(MIF)(19°36'47.1' N and 83°21'02.7' E).A total of 28 families,42 genera,46 tree species,and 286 individual trees were recorded on an area of 0.6 ha.Tree density varied between 470 and 490 individuals ha-1 and average basal area between 3.16 and 10.04 m2 ha-1.Shannon Index(H') ranged from 2.34 to 4.53,Simpson's Index ranged from 0.07 to 0.09,and equitability Index ranged from 0.7 to 1.34.The number of individuals was highest in the girth at breast height(GBH) class of 50-70 cm.The soil nutrient status of the three forest types was related to tree species diversity.The soil pH value of the three sites reflected the slightly acidic nature of the area.Species diversity was positively correlated with organic carbon and phosphorus and negatively with nitrogen,EC and pH.The results of the current study may be helpful to further develop a conservation planfor tree species in tropical sacred forest ecosystems. | Sudam Charan SAHU Nabin Kumar DHAL Brij LAL Rama Chandra MOHANTY | 2012 | Journal of Mountain Science2012，9，4： | 5 |
| 9 | Improved simultaneous quantitation of candesartan and hydrochlorthiazide in human plasma by UPLC–MS/MS and its application in bioequivalence studies显示文摘A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method(UPLC–MS/MS) was used for the simultaneous quantitation of candesartan(CN) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCT) in human plasma. The analysis was performed on UPLC–MS/MS system using turbo ion spray interface.Negative ions were measured in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. The analytes were extracted using a liquid–liquid extraction(LLE) method by using 0.1 mL of plasma volume. The lower limit of quantitation for CN and HCT was 1.00 ng/mL whereas the upper limit of quantitation was 499.15 ng/mL and601.61 ng/mL for CN and HCT respectively. CN d4 and HCT-13Cd2 were used as the internal standards for CN and HCT respectively. The chromatography was achieved within 2.0 min run time using a C18 Phenomenex, Gemini NX(100 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column with organic mixture:buffer solution(80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.800 mL/min. The method has been successfully applied to establish the bioequivalence of candesartan cilexetil(CNC) and HCT immediate release tablets with reference product in human subjects. | Bhupinder Singh Rama S.Lokhandae Ashish Dwivedi Sandeep Sharma Naveen Dubey | 2014 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2014，4，2： | 5 |
| 10 | Mapping mesoscopic phase evolution during E-beam induced transformations via deep learning of atomically resolved images显示文摘Understanding transformations under electron beam irradiation requires mapping the structural phases and their evolution in real time.To date,this has mostly been a manual endeavor comprising difficult frame-by-frame analysis that is simultaneously tedious and prone to error.Here,we turn toward the use of deep convolutional neural networks(DCNN)to automatically determine the Bravais lattice symmetry present in atomically resolved images.A DCNN is trained to identify the Bravais lattice class given a 2D fast Fourier transform of the input image.Monte-Carlo dropout is used for determining the prediction probability,and results are shown for both simulated and real atomically resolved images from scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy.A reduced representation of the final layer output allows to visualize the separation of classes in the DCNN and agrees with physical intuition.We then apply the trained network to electron beam-induced transformations in WS2,which allows tracking and determination of growth rate of voids.We highlight two key aspects of these results:(1)it shows that DCNNs can be trained to recognize diffraction patterns,which is markedly different from the typical“real image”cases and(2)it provides a method with inbuilt uncertainty quantification,allowing the real-time analysis of phases present in atomically resolved images. | Rama K.Vasudevan Nouamane Laanait Erik M.Ferragut Kai Wang David B.Geohegan Kai Xiao Maxim Ziatdinov Stephen Jesse Ondrej Dyck Sergei V.Kalinin | 2018 | npj Computational Materials2018，，1： | 5 |
| 11 | Evaluation of anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant potential of an drographolide and echiodinin isolated from callus culture of Andrographis paniculata Nees显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity of and rographolide(AND)and echiodinin(ECH)of Andrographis paniculata.Methods:In this study,an attempt has been made to demonstrate the anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activity of isolated AND and ECH by broth micro-dilution method and 2,2-dipheny l-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)assay,respectively.Structure elucidation was determined by electro-spray ionization-MSD,NMR(1H and13C)and IR spectra.Results:AND was effective against most of the strains tested including Mycobacterium smegmatis,showing broad spectrum of growth inhibition activity with Minimum inhibitory concentration values againstStaphylococcus aureus(100μg/mL),Streptococcus thermophilus(350μg/mL)Bacillus subtilis(100μg/mL),Escherichia coli(50μg/mL),Mycobacterium smegmatis(200μg/mL),Klebsiella pneumonia(100μg/mL),andPseudomonas aeruginosa(200μg/mL).ECH showed specific anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosaat a concentration higher than 225μg/mL.Both AND and ECH were not effective against the two yeast strains,Candida albicansand Saccharomyces cerevisiae tested in this study.Conclusion:This preliminary study showed promising anti-bacterial activity and moderate free radical scavenging activity of AND and ECH,and it may provide the scientific rationale for its popular folklore medicines. | Mohammed Arifullah Nima Dandu Namsa Manabendra Mandal Kishore Kumar Chiruvella Paritala Vikrama Ghanta Rama Gopal | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，8： | 4 |
| 12 | 功能化多壁碳纳米管海绵状微球制备(英文)显示文摘通过催化化学气相沉积法合成了多壁碳纳米管(MW CNTs)。在相转移催化剂甲基三辛基氯化铵存在下,以高锰酸钾(KM nO4)为氧化剂在室温下对MW CNTs进行功能化处理。采用傅立叶变化红外光谱、热失重分析分析法对功能化MW CNTs进行表征。借助超声波降解法将功能化MW CNTs分散在二氯甲烷中形成悬浮液,然后将其悬浮液逐滴加至搅拌的聚乙烯醇溶液中形成海绵状微球。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示:形成的海绵状微球由松散缠结的MW CNTs构成,直径为50μm~150μm。该微球可望应用于轻型吸能涂料,催化剂以及电子学领域。 | Dhiraj Dutta Rama Dubey Jitendra Yadav T.C.Shami K.U.Bhasker Rao | 2011 | 新型炭材料2011，26，2： | 4 |
| 13 | Use of the liquisolid compact technique for improvement of the dissolution rate of valsartan显示文摘The aim of this study was to improve the dissolution rate of the poorly soluble drug valsartan by delivering the drug as a liquisolid compact.Liquisolid compacts were prepared using propylene glycol as solvent,Avicel PH102 as carrier,and Aerosil 200 as the coating material.The crystallinity of the newly formulated drug and the interaction between excipients was examined by X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,respectively.The dissolution studies for the liquisolid formula-tion and the marketed product were carried out at different pH values.The results showed no change in the crystallinity of the drug and no interaction between excipients.The dissolution efficiency of valsartan at 15 min was increased from 4.02% for plain drug and 13.58% for marketed product to 29.47% for the liquisolid formulation.The increase in the dissolution rate was also found to be significant compared to the marketed product at lower pH values,simulating the gastric environment where valsartan is largely absorbed.The liquisolid technique appears to be a promising approach for improving the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs like valsartan. | Chella Naveen Nalini Shastri Rama Rao Tadikonda | 2012 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2012，2，5： | 4 |
| 14 | Hepatitis B virus subgenotypes and basal core promoter mutations in Indonesia显示文摘AIM:To identify the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotype and basal core promoter (BCP) mutations among patients with HBV-associated liver disease in Indonesia.METHODS: Patients with chronic hepatitis (CH, n=61), liver cirrhosis (LC, n=62), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC,n=48) were included in this study. HBV subgenotype was identified based on S or preS gene sequence, and mutations in the HBx gene including the overlapping BCP region were examined by direct sequencing.RESULTS: HBV genotype B (subgenotypes B2, B3, B4, B5 and B7) the major genotype in the samples, accounted for 75.4%, 71.0% and 75.0% of CH, LC and HCC patients, respectively, while the genotype C (subgenotypes C1, C2 and C3) was detected in 24.6%, 29.0%, and 25.0% of CH, LC, and HCC patients, respectively. Subgenotypes B3 (84.9%) and C1 (82.2%) were the main subgenotype in HBV genotype B and C, respectively. Serotype adw2 (84.9%) and adrq+ (89.4%) were the most prevalent in HBV genotype B and C, respectively. Double mutation (A1762T/G1764A) in the BCP was significantly higher in LC (59.7%) and HCC (54.2%) than in CH (19.7%), suggesting that this mutation was associated with severity of liver disease. The T1753V was also higher in LC (46.8%), but lower in HCC (22.9%) and CH (18.0%), suggesting that this mutation may be an indicator of cirrhosis.CONCLUSION: HBV genotype B/B3 and C/C1 are the major genotypes in Indonesia. Mutations in BCP, such as A1762T/G1764A and T1753V, might have an association with manifestations of liver disease. | Andi Utama Sigit Purwantomo Marlinang Diarta Siburian Rama Dhenni Rino Alvani Gani Irsan Hasan Andri Sanityoso Upik Anderiani Miskad Fardah Akil Irawan Yusuf Wenny Astuti Achwan Soewignjo Soemohardjo Syafruddin AR Lelosutan Ruswhandi Martamala Benyamin Lukito Unggul Budihusodo Laurentius Adrianus Lesmana Ali Sulaiman Susan Tai | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，32： | 4 |
| 15 | Physical and degradation properties of PLGA scaffolds fabricated by salt fusion technique显示文摘Tissue engineering scaffolds require a controlled pore size and interconnected pore structures to support the host tissue growth. In the present study, three dimensional (3D) hybrid scaffolds of poly lactic acid (PLA) and poly glycolic acid (PGA) were fabricated using solvent casting/particulate leaching. In this case, partially fused NaCl particles were used as porogen (200-300μ) to improve the overall porosity (≥90%) and internal texture of scaffolds. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis of these porous scaffolds revealed a gradual reduction in glass transition temperature (Tg) (from 48°C to 42.5°C) with increase in hydrophilic PGA content. The potential applications of these scaffolds as implants were further tested for their biocompatibility and biodegradability in four simulated body fluid (SBF) types in vitro. Whereas, simulated body fluid (SBF) Type1 with the optimal amount of HCO 3 ions was found to be more appropriate and sensible for testing the bioactivity of scaffolds. Among three combinations of polymer scaffolds, sample B with a ratio of 75:25 of PLA: PGA showed greater stability in body fluids (pH 7.2) with an optimum degradation rate (9% to 12% approx). X-ray diffractogram also confirmed a thin layer of hydroxyapatite deposition over sample B with all SBF types in vitro. | Naveen Kumar Mekala Rama Raju Baadhe Sreenivasa Rao Parcha Prameela Devi Yalavarthy | 2013 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2013，27，4： | 3 |
| 16 | A numerical modelling approach to assess the behaviour of underground cavern subjected to blast loads显示文摘The paper gives an insight into the behaviour of large underground caverns which are subjected to blast loads. Caverns are generally constructed in hard rock formation which compels us to use blasting methods for the excavation works. Comparative study was done between models with intact rock mass and discontinuities to assess the stability of cavern as a result of blast loads. Numerical modelling was performed with 3 dimensional distinct element code(3 DEC) to analyse the performance of cavern walls in terms of displacement and to compute peak particle velocities(PPV) both around the cavern periphery and at surface of models. Results showed that the velocity wave with higher frequency exhibited large displacements around the periphery of cavern. Computation of PPV showed that model with horizontal joint sets showed lower PPV in comparison to model with intact rock mass. PPV values were also analysed on the surface for model consisting vertical joints spaced at 4 m intervals. Comparative study of PPV on surface vertically above the blast location between models with horizontal joints spaced at 4 m and vertical joints at 4 m intervals were conducted. Results depicted higher magnitudes of PPV for model with vertical joints in comparison to model with horizontal joints. | Saikat Kuili Vedala Rama Sastry | 2018 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2018，28，6： | 3 |
| 17 | Fabrication and Characterisation of Rutile-TiO_2 Coatings on Metallic Alloy Substrates显示文摘In the present work, attempts have been made to extend the use of the tribological and chemical properties of rutile-TiO2 to metallic alloy systems, by forming a rutile coating on the metallic substrates. Two metallic alloys were selected in this study, including AISI316L austenitic stainless steel and aluminium alloy. The rutile-based coatings were fabricated by magnetron sputter deposition of a pure titanium coating first, and then thermal oxidation of the coated specimens to partially convert the titanium coating to rutile oxide and to promote interfacial reactions which can significantly enhance the coating-substrate adhesion strength. The structures and properties of the coating-substrate systems were characterized by a variety of analytical and experimental techniques, including X-ray diffraction, glow discharge spectrometry, high resolution SEM, nanoindentation, microscratch, friction and wear testing, as well as electrochemical testing. The results show that the friction and wear properties, as well as the corrosion resistance of the metallic alloys can be significant enhanced by surface engineering with rutile-TiO2. | D. Siva Rama Krishna | 2004 | 材料热处理学报2004，25，05B： | 3 |
| 18 | RANKL/RANK control Brca1 mutation-driven mammary tumors显示文摘 | Verena Sig Kwadwo Owusu-Boaitey Puma A Joshi Anoop Kavirayani Gerald Wimsberger Maria Novatchkova Ivona Kozieradzki Daniel Schramek Nnamdi Edokobi Jerome Hersl Aishia Sampson Ashley Odai-Afotey Conxi Lazaro Eva Gonzalez-Suarez Miguel A Pujaaa for CIMBA Holger Heyn Enrique Vidal Jennifer Cru. ickshank Hal Berman Renu Sarao Melita Tieevic Iris Uribesalgo Luigi Tortola Shuan Rao Yen Tan Georg Pfeiler Eva YHP Lee Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath Lukas Kenner Helmuth Popper Christian Singer Rama Khokha LaundeRe P Jones Josef M Penninger | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，7： | 3 |
| 19 | Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (C-863A) Polymorphism in Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Northern India显示文摘 | Dinesh Ahirwar Pravin Kesarwani Ranjana Singh Uday Ghoshal Rama Mittal | 2012 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer2012，，2： | 3 |
| 20 | Deep neural networks for understanding noisy data applied to physical property extraction in scanning probe microscopy显示文摘The rapid development of spectral-imaging methods in scanning probe,electron,and optical microscopy in the last decade have given rise for large multidimensional datasets.In many cases,the reduction of hyperspectral data to the lower-dimension materialsspecific parameters is based on functional fitting,where an approximate form of the fitting function is known,but the parameters of the function need to be determined.However,functional fits of noisy data realized via iterative methods,such as least-square gradient descent,often yield spurious results and are very sensitive to initial guesses.Here,we demonstrate an approach for the reduction of the hyperspectral data using a deep neural network approach.A combined deep neural network/least-square approach is shown to improve the effective signal-to-noise ratio of band-excitation piezoresponse force microscopy by more than an order of magnitude,allowing characterization when very small driving signals are used or when a material’s response is weak. | Nikolay Borodinov Sabine Neumayer Sergei V.Kalinin Olga S.Ovchinnikova Rama K.Vasudevan Stephen Jesse | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 3 |
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