|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Nosocomial infections:Epidemiology,prevention,control and surveillance显示文摘Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections occur in patients under medical care.These infections occur worldwide both in developed and developing countries.Nosocomial infections accounts for 7% in developed and 10% in developing countries.As these infections occur during hospital stay,they cause prolonged stay,disability,and economic burden.Frequently prevalent infections include central line-associated bloodstream infections,catheter-associated urinary tract infections,surgical site infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia.Nosocomial pathogens include bacteria,viruses and fungal parasites.According to WHO estimates,approximately 15% of all hospitalized patients suffer from these infections.During hospitalization,patient is exposed to pathogens through different sources environment,healthcare staff,and other infected patients.Transmission of these infections should be restricted for prevention.Hospital waste serves as potential source of pathogens and about 20%–25% of hospital waste is termed as hazardous.Nosocomial infections can be controlled by practicing infection control programs,keep check on antimicrobial use and its resistance,adopting antibiotic control policy.Efficient surveillance system can play its part at national and international level.Efforts are required by all stakeholders to prevent and control nosocomial infections. | Hassan Ahmed Khan Fatima Kanwal Baig Riffat Mehboob | 2017 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2017，7，5： | 22 |
| 2 | 体育馆运动人体热舒适性的改进模型与实验调查显示文摘体育馆空调环境不仅会影响人体的运动效果、运动成绩,对于体育馆空调节能也有重要意义。相比于运动人员的热舒适性,传统的空调设计往往更多地关注观众的热舒适性。运动人体具有新陈代谢率大,衣着少,排汗量大以及呼吸急促的特点,传统的基于Fanger模型的人体热舒适性评价指标难以准确预测运动人体的热舒适性。本文针对运动人体提出了衣着覆盖率的概念,对Fanger模型中的辐射、体表扩散的模型进行适当的修正,并探讨了修正模型与Fanger模型计算结果差异。同时,采用环境测试仪和问卷调查对某高校体育馆内篮球训练类、健美操训练类和羽毛球健身类运动人体进行了大量实验调查,并将实验结果与两种模型计算结果进行对比和偏差分析,研究结果表明,修改模型PMV计算结果低于Fanger模型且更接近实测结果,这表明对于运动人体,适宜的场馆环境温度可以比采用Fanger模型得到的传统的空调温度更高,对于空调节能具有重要意义。 | 季泰 袁伟琪 杨剑 季浏 Yuehong Su Saffa Riffat | 2017 | 建筑热能通风空调2017，36，5： | 6 |
| 3 | Nosocomial infections and their control strategies显示文摘Nosocomial infections are also known as hospital-acquired/associated infections. National Healthcare Safety Network along with Centers for Disease Control for surveillance has classified nosocomial infection sites into 13 types with 50 infection sites, which are specific on the basis of biological and clinical criteria. The agents that are usually involved in hospitalacquired infections include Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Legionella and Enterobacteriaceae family members, namely, Proteus mirablis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens. Nosocomial pathogens can be transmitted through person to person, environment or contaminated water and food, infected individuals, contaminated healthcare personnel's skin or contact via shared items and surfaces. Mainly, multi-drug-resistant nosocomial organisms include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, whereas Clostridium difficile shows natural resistance. Excessive and improper use of broadspectrum antibiotics, especially in healthcare settings, is elevating nosocomial infections, which not only becomes a big health care problem but also causes great economic and production loss in the community. Nosocomial infections can be controlled by measuring and comparing the infection rates within healthcare settings and sticking to the best healthcare practices. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides the methodology for surveillance of nosocomial infections along with investigation of major outbreaks. By means of this surveillance, hospitals can devise a strategy comprising of infection control practices. | Hassan Ahmed Khan Aftab Ahmad Riffat Mehboob | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2015，5，7： | 4 |
| 4 | An estimation of stress intensity factor in a clamped SE(T) specimen through numerical simulation and experimental verification:case of FCGR of AISI H11 tool steel显示文摘A finite element analysis of stress intensity factors(K I) in clamped SE(T)C specimens(dog bone profile) is presented.A J-integral approach is used to calculate the values of stress intensity factors valid for 0.125≤a/W ≤0.625.A detailed comparison is made with the work of other researchers on rectangular specimens.Different boundary conditions are explored to best describe the real conditions in the laboratory.A sensitivity study is also presented to explore the effects of variation in specimen position in the grips of the testing machine.Finally the numerically calculated SIF is used to determine an FCGR curve for AISI H11 tool steel on SE(T)C specimens and compared with C(T) specimen of the same material. | Masood Shah Catherine Mabru Farhad Rezai-Aria Ines Souki Riffat Asim Pasha | 2012 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2012，25，4： | 4 |
| 5 | Inhibitory activities of extracts of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa, Ziziphus mauritiana as well as their compounds of gallic acid and emodin against dengue virus显示文摘Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) by five different fractions(extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as their constituents(gallic acid, emodin, and isovanillic acid). Methods: All the samples were tested for cytotoxicity on baby hamster kidney cells by MTT assay and for anti-DENV-2 activity by plaque reduction neutralization assay using two DENV-2 doses(45 and 90 plaqueforming units or PFU). Results: All the samples except isovanillic acid exhibited significant prophylactic effects against DENV-2 infectivity(without cytotoxicity) when administered to cells before infection, but were not effective when given 6 h post-infection. The methanol extract of Rumex dentatus demonstrated the highest antiviral efficacy by inhibiting DENV-2 replication, with IC_(50) of 0.154 μg/mL and 0.234 μg/mL, when added before infection with 45 and 90 PFU of virus, respectively. Gallic acid also exhibited significant antiviral effects by prophylactic treatment prior to virus adsorption on cells, with IC_(50) of 0.191 μg/mL and 0.522 μg/mL at 45 and 90 PFU of DENV-2 infection, respectively. Conclusions: The highly potent activities of the extracts and constituent compounds of these plants against DENV-2 infectivity highlight their potential as targets for further research to identify novel antiviral agents against dengue. | Riffat Batool Ejaz Aziz Tariq Mahmood Benny KH Tan Vincent TK Chow | 2018 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2018，11，4： | 3 |
| 6 | Antibiotics in two municipal sewage treatment plants in Sri Lanka:Occurrence,consumption and removal efficiency显示文摘Most of the monitoring data on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants(STPs)have been reported from Europe,North America and some countries in Northeast Asia,while very limited data can be found in Southeast Asian countries.As a pioneering research in Sri Lanka,we collected 24 h composite wastewater samples at the influent and effluent of two municipal STPs for consecutive 7 days to investigate occurrence,consumption and removal efficiency of seventeen antibiotics.The STP was located in Colombo and Hikkaduwa,respectively,representing two kinds of communities(i.e.local and tourists)in Sri Lanka.The targeted antibiotics were extracted by solid-phase extraction method and detected on an Agilent HPLCMSMS(1290/6470QQQ).Results illustrated that the majority of the antibiotics can be always detected from both STPs,except for chlorotetracycine(CTC),doxycycline(DOX)and florfenicol(FF).Fluoroquinolones(FQs)were detected at highest concentrations with ciprofloxacin(CIP)being the dominant compound.Concentrations of CIP in the influent samples were in the range of 433 e6010 ng/L.The consumption of antibiotics was estimated on the basis of influent mass load and catchment population data.We found difference in consumption patterns between the two served areas.Compared to local people in Colombo,tourists in Hikkaduwa appeared to take more antibiotics during the study period with the estimated daily dose of 0.25 g per 1000 persons.Moreover,macrolides accounted for a larger portion than FQs in Hikkaduwa,with azithromycin(AZM)being the most prevalent antibacterial agent.After comparison with an official report by Medical Supplies Division of Sri Lanka,we conjected that AZM was not commonly used among local people and it was mainly introduced by foreign arrivals.As for the removal efficiency,the activated sludge system of Colombo exhibited better elimination and more stable performance than the constructed wetland process of Hikkaduwa. | Dilanka N.D.Samaraweera Xin Liu Guangcai Zhong Tilak Priyadarshana Riffat Naseem Malik Gan Zhang Mahdi Safaei Khorram Zewen Zhu Xianzhi Peng | 2019 | Emerging Contaminants2019，5，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin—In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides显示文摘Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan(EN) and Lambda-cyhalothrin(LC); individually and in combination. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide(MTT) assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains(TA98, TA100) were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant(p < 0.05) increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity. | Umber Saleem Sohail Ejaz Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Ovais Omer Imran Iltaf Zainab Batool Riffat Fatima Msbah Afzal | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，7： | 3 |
| 8 | Ensuring water security by utilizing roof-harvested rainwater and lake water treated with a low-cost integrated adsorption-filtration system显示文摘Drinking water is supplied through a centralized water supply system and may not be accessed by communities in rural areas of Malaysia.This study investigated the performance of a low-cost, self-prepared combined activated carbon and sand filtration(CACSF) system for roofharvested rainwater and lake water for potable use. Activated carbon was self-prepared using locally sourced coconut shell and was activated using commonly available salt rather than a high-tech procedure that requires a chemical reagent. The filtration chamber was comprised of local,readily available sand. The experiments were conducted with varying antecedent dry intervals(ADIs) of up to 15 d and lake water with varying initial chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentration. The CACSF system managed to produce effluents complying with the drinking water standards for the parameters p H, dissolved oxygen(DO), biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), COD, total suspended solids(TSS), and ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N). The CACSF system successfully decreased the population of Escherichia coli(E. coli) in the influents to less than 30 CFU/m L. Samples with a higher population of E. coli(that is, greater than 30 CFU/m L) did not show 100% removal. The system also showed high potential as an alternative for treated drinking water for roof-harvested rainwater and class II lake water. | Riffat Shaheed Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar Ahmed El-Shafie | 2017 | Water Science and Engineering2017，10，2： | 2 |
| 9 | Development of multi-physics numerical simulation model to investigate thermo-mechanical fatigue crack propagation in an autofrettaged gun barrel显示文摘In this research,a detailed multi-physics study has been carried out by numerically simulating a solid fractured gun barrel for 20 thermo-mechanical cycles.The numerical model is based on thermal effects,mechanical stress fields and fatigue crack mechanics.Elastic-plastic material data of modified AISI 4340 at temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200℃and at strain rates of 4,16,32 and 48 s^(-1) was acquired from high-temperature compression tests.This was used as material property data in the simulation model.The boundary conditions applied are kept similar to the working gun barrel during continuous firing.A methodology has been provided to define thermo-mechanically active surface-to-surface type interface between the crack faces for a better approximation of stresses at the crack tip.Comparison of results from non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged simulation models provide useful information about the evolution of strains and stresses in the barrel at different points under combined thermo-mechanical loading cycles in both cases.The effect of thermal fatigue under already induced compressive yield due to autofrettage and the progressive degradation of the accumulated stresses due to thermo-mechanical cyclic loads on the internal surface of the gun barrel(mimicking the continuous firing scenario)has been analyzed.Comparison between energy release rate at tips of varying crack lengths due to cyclic thermo-mechanical loading in the non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged gun has been carried out. | Naveed Hussain Faisal Qayyum Riffat Asim Pasha Masood Shah | 2021 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2021，17，5： | 2 |
| 10 | A Numerical Study of Solar Chimney for Natural Ventilation of Building with Heat Recovery 显示文摘 | Gan G Riffat S B | 1998 | Applied Thermal Engineering1998，18，： | 1 |
| 11 | Thermoelectrics:a Review of Present and Potential Applications显示文摘 | RIFFAT S B MA Xiao-li | 2003 | Applied Thermal Engineering2003，23，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Thermoelectrics: A review of present and potential applications 显示文摘 | RIFFAT S B Ma Xiaoli | 2003 | Applied Thermal Engineering2003，23，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Aerosol deposition in ventilation ducts显示文摘 | Adam N Everitt P Riffat S B | 1996 | International Journal of Energy Research1996，20，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Application of CFD to Closed-wet Cooling Towers显示文摘 | G Gan S Riffat L Shao | 2001 | Applied Thermal Engineering2001，，21： | 1 |
| 15 | Pressure drop of HFC refrigerants inside evaporator and condenser coils as determined by CFD显示文摘 | Smith S J Shao L Riffat S B | 2001 | Applied Energy2001，70，： | 1 |
| 16 | Anaerobic processes 显示文摘 | RIFFAT R SAJJAD W DARARAT S | 1998 | Water Environment Research1998，70，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Experimental Investigation of a Thermoelectric Refrigeration System Employing a Phase Change Material Integrated with Thermal Diode显示文摘 | OMER S A RIFFAT MA Xiao-li | 2001 | Applied Thermal Engineering2001，21，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Development of a solar-powered passive ejector cooling system显示文摘 | Nguyen V M Riffat S B Doherty P S | 2001 | Applied Thermal Engineering2001，21，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Numerical determination of energy losses atduct junctions显示文摘 | Gan G Riffat S B | 2000 | Applied energy2000，67，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Comparative study of heat and mass Exchanging materials for indirect evaporative cooling systems显示文摘 | Zhao X Liu S Riffat SB | 2008 | Building and Environment2008，43，11： | 1 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员