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| 1 | Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials for human health applications显示文摘Stimuli-responsive polymers have the extraordinary ability to change their physical and/or chemical state after they‘‘detect’’a change in their environment;their response depends dramatically on their chemical composition.This property has been used for a plethora of applications;this review highlights their utility for human health.Specifically,this review will highlight efforts in the areas of sensing and biosensing,antimicrobial/antifouling coatings,tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,and drug delivery.Specific examples are given in each of these areas,with some focus on our work engineering poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)-based microgels and other responsive systems. | Molla R.Islam Yongfeng Gao Xue Li Qiang Matthew Zhang Menglian Wei Michael J.Serpe | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，32： | 3 |
| 2 | Reduced tillage with residue retention improves soil labile carbon pools and carbon lability and management indices in a seven-year trial with wheat-mung bean-rice rotation显示文摘Soil total organic carbon(TOC)is a composite indicator of soil quality with implications for crop production and the regulation of soil ecosystem services.Research reports on the dynamics of TOC as a consequence of soil management practices in subtropical climatic conditions,where microbial carbon(C)loss is high,are very limited.The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of seven years of continuous tillage and residue management on soil TOC dynamics(quantitative and qualitative)with respect to lability and stratification under an annual wheat-mung bean-rice cropping sequence.Composite soil samples were collected at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths from a three-replicate split-plot experiment with tillage treatment as the main plots and crop residue levels as the sub-plots.The tillage treatments included conventional tillage(CT)and strip tillage(ST).Residue levels were high residue level(HR),30%of the plant height,and low residue level(LR),15%.In addition to TOC,soil samples were analyzed for particulate organic C(POC),permanganate oxidizable C(POXC),basal respiration(BR),specific maintenance respiration rate(qCO_(2)),microbial biomass C(MBC),potentially mineralizable C(PMC),and TOC lability and management indices.The ST treatment significantly increased the TOC and labile C pools at both depths compared with the CT treatment,with the effect being more pronounced in the surface layer.The HR treatment increased TOC and labile C pools compared with the LR treatment.The ST+HR treatment showed significant increases in MBC,metabolic quotient(qR),C pool index(CPI),C lability index(CL_(I)),and C management index(CMI),indicating improved and efficient soil biological activities in such systems compared with the CT treatment.Similarly,the stratification values,a measure of soil quality improvement,for POC and MBC were>2,indicating improved soil quality in the ST+HR treatment compared with the CT treatment.The ST+HR treatment not only significantly increased the contents of TOC pools,but also their stocks.The CMI was correlated with qCO_(2),BR,and MBC,suggesting that these are sensitive indicators of early changes in TOC.The qCO_(2) was significantly higher in the CT+LR treatment and negatively correlated with MBC and CMI,indicating a biologically stressed soil condition in this treatment.Our findings highlight that medium-term reduced tillage with HR management has profound consequences on soil TOC quality and dynamics as mediated by alterations in labile C pools. | Rafeza BEGUM Mohammad M.R.JAHANGIR Mohammad JAHIRUDDIN Mohammad Rafiqul ISLAM Shaikh M.BOKHTIAR Khandakar R.ISLAM | 2022 | Pedosphere2022，32，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Arsenic mineral dissolution and possible mobilization in mineral-microbe-groundwater environment显示文摘 | A.B.M R.Islam Jyoti Prakash Maity | | 0，，14： | 1 |
| 4 | No-till and conservation agriculture in the United States:An example from the David Brandt farm,Carroll,Ohio显示文摘No-till(NT)farming(conservation agriculture)began in the US in the 1960s.The state of Ohio has a university research location that began no-till research in 1962.A few innovative Ohio farmers,including NT pioneers David Brandt and Bill Richards,were early adopters of the new conservation practice.Initially,no-till was most successful on sloping,well drained soils,then with improvements to the system,including cover crops,it became more widely adopted on all soil types.David Brandt was an enthusiastic learner and teacher of no-till practices,working with chemical company representatives and Cooperative Extension Specialists to demonstrate the system.David Brandt’s cooperation with Ohio State University researchers continues to provide a valuable site for studying the long term changes in soil health and ecosystem services.Results showed that total microbial biomass as one of the soil biological health indicators significantly increased with an associated decrease in carbon(C)loss under NT compared with conventional tilled soil(CT).Under NT,there was significantly higher total C and total N compared to CT.Active C,as a composite measure of soil health,significantly increased with NT.When cover crops,especially cover crop cocktail mixes,were used,NT substantially improved soil health.Long-term NT with cover crop cocktail mixes significantly increased the soil aggregate stability,compared with CT.The overall rate of C sequestration by NT suggested that the soils on the Brandt farm act as a consistent sink of atmospheric CO2 although this tends to level off after about 20 years.The Brandt farm showed that crop yields are increased under long-term NT with cover crops mixes.Results suggested that starting with a cover crop when switching from CT to NT,is more likely to ensure success and to maintain economic crop yields.Another early adopter,Bill Richards,from Circleville,Ohio,also became a national leader and promoter of no-till farming.He served as head of the United States Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service in the early 1990s and instituted a program that led to rapid expansion of no-till.He advises that farmers who follow conservation agriculture principles need to be more proactive,from local level to national levels,to influence policy decisions that can lead to robust improvement in soil health. | R.Islam R.Reeder | 2014 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2014，2，1： | 0 |
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