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| 1 | Clearcuts and related secondary dieback undermine the ecological effectiveness of FSC certification in a boreal forest显示文摘Background:Over the last 25 years,the prominent forest certification system established by the Forest Stewardship Council(FSC)has used by many companies worldwide for claiming responsible forest management.The objectives of the Russian National FSC standard to decrease the size of clearcuts and the retention of forest elements such as residual seed trees need on-site validation to proof the effectiveness of FSC.To assess the ecological impacts of harvesting practices and benefits of FSC certification,we geospatially compared logging activities with and without FSC certification.Within a sample area covering approximately 3,000 km^(2) in the east of the Russian Arkhangelsk Region,we used available data on tree cover loss and satellite images to assess secondary impacts of clearcuttings on adjacent remnant forests and to quantify the logging intensity.Additionally,the size and structure as well as the density of skidding trails of ten specific clearcuttings located within the sample area were surveyed using satellite images and in the field observation to delineate the boundaries of clearcuts and forested remnants within the clearcuts.Results:We found a significant increase of small-scale tree cover loss in the proximity of the clearcuts.Patchy dieback is possibly linked to the scale and intensity of logging in the surroundings.On the investigated clearcuts,FSC failed to reduce the size,to increase the retention of forest remnants including seed trees on logged areas,and to maintain larger tracts of undisturbed ground and soil compared to clearcuts that were logged before they received FSC-certification.Conclusions:Trees and forest remnants remaining inside an increasingly stressed forest ecosystem matrix may not resist further harvesting-related and climate change-induced stresses and disturbances.Large-scale clearcuttings seem to have negative impacts even in adjacent forests and undermine the ecological effectiveness of FSC certification in the study area.The Russian FSC standard is not clearly setting effective guidelines that induce a change in clearcutting practices in order to reduce ecological risks. | Jeanette Silvin Blumröder Monika T.Hoffmann Olga Ilina Susanne Winter Peter R.Hobson Pierre L.Ibisch | 2020 | Ecological Processes2020，9，1： | 1 |
| 2 | Oesophageal afferent pathway sensitivity in non‐erosive reflux disease显示文摘 | A. R.Hobson P. L.Furlong Q.Aziz | 2008 | Neurogastroenterology & Motility2008，，8： | 1 |
| 3 | Conservation and sustainable development in a VUCA world: the need for a systemic and ecosystem- based approach显示文摘Targeting the maintenance of functional ecosystems that provide the significant basis for human well-being is an integral part of an ecosystem-based sustainable development.Underlying causes of ecosystem degradation such as global climate change and ever-growing human demands that rapidly shift socioeconomic and political baselines are often unmanageable at a local scale and require a new approach to planning and action in ecosystem management.The framework conditions that challenge sustainable development are shaped by increasing Volatility,Uncertainty,Complexity,and Ambiguity(VUCA concept).Using the MARISCO method(adaptive management of vulnerability and risks at conservation sites),we analyzed 22 conservation sites,covering 26 protected areas and six administrative areas on four different continents and involving 524 participants.VUCA conditions were present across cultures and biomes,yet the responses in planning and management varied among conservation sites.The findings of both the qualitative and quantitative analyses confirm that participants understand how far human well-being heavily depends on the functionality of ecosystems that were seen to suffer from a wide range of stresses and threats of varying criticality.Worldwide,local stakeholders and experts rated impacts of global climate change as most critical.In attempts to achieve ecosystem-based sustainable development,most management teams strive for more risk-robust and adaptive strategies by advocating for active risk management.A common factor identified among all case studies was the need for cooperative management between smaller conservation sites in order to address large-scale challenges. | Axel Schick Peter R.Hobson Pierre L.Ibisch | 2017 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2017，3，4： | 0 |
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