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| 1 | Gastrointestinal neuromuscular apparatus: An underestimated target of gut microbiota显示文摘Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influence gastrointestinal motility. The current working hypothesis is that dysbiosis-driven mucosal alterations induce the production of several inflammatory/immune mediators which affect gut neuro-muscular functions. Besides these indirect mucosal-mediated effects, the present review highlights that recent evidence suggests that microbiota can directly affect enteric nerves and smooth muscle cells functions through its metabolic products or bacterial molecular components translocated from the intestinal lumen. Tolllike receptors, the bacterial recognition receptors, are expressed both on enteric nerves and smooth muscle and are emerging as potential mediators between microbiota and the enteric neuromuscular apparatus. Furthermore, the ongoing studies on probiotics support the hypothesis that the neuromuscular apparatus may represent a target of intervention, thus opening new physiopathological and therapeutic scenarios. | Michele Pier Luca Guarino Michele Cicala Lorenza Putignani Carola Severi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，45： | 8 |
| 2 | Gut Microbiota, Lipopolysaccharides, and Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk显示文摘 | Melania Manco Lorenza Putignani Gian Franco Bottazzo | 2010 | Endocrine Reviews2010，，6： | 3 |
| 3 | Anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy associates to type 17 helper T lymphocytes immunological shift and significant microbial changes in dextran sodium sulphate colitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) represents the best therapeutic option to induce mucosal healing and clinical remission in patients with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis. On the other side gut microbiota plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis but few information exists on how microbiota changes following anti-TNFα therapy and on microbiota role in mucosal healing.AIM To elucidate whether gut microbiota and immune system changes appear following anti TNFα therapy during dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) colitis.METHODS Eighty C57 BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: 'No DSS', 'No DSS + antiTNFα', 'DSS' and 'DSS + anti-TNFα'. 'DSS' and 'DSS + anti-TNFα' were treated for 5 d with 3% DSS. At day 3, mice whithin 'No DSS+anti-TNFα' and'DSS+anti-TNFα' group received 5 mg/kg of an anti-TNFα agent. Forty mice were sacrificed at day 5, forty at day 12, after one week of recovery post DSS. The severity of colitis was assessed by a clinical score(Disease Activity Index), colon length and histology. Bacteria such as Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae, Enterococcaceae and Fecalibacterium prausnitzii(F. prausnitzii) were evaluated by quantitative PCR.Type 1 helper T lymphocytes(Th1), type 17 helper T lymphocytes(Th17) and CD4+ regulatory T lymphocytes(Treg) distributions in the mesenteric lymph node(MLN) were studied by flow cytometry.RESULTS Bacteria associated with a healthy state(i.e., such as Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae and F. prausnitzii) decreased during colitis and increased in course of anti-TNFαtreatment. Conversely, microorganisms belonging to Enterococcaceae genera,which are linked to inflammatory processes, showed an opposite trend.Furthermore, in colitic mice treated with anti-TNFα microbial changes were associated with an initial increase(day 5 of the colitis) in Treg cells and a consequent decrease(day 12 post DSS) in Th1 and Th17 frequency cells. Healthy mice treated with anti-TNFα showed the same histological, microbial and immune features of untreated colitic mice. 'No DSS + anti-TNFα' group showed a lymphomononuclear infiltrate both at 5 th and 12 th d at hematoxylin and eosin staining, an increase of in Th1 and Th17 frequency at day 12, an increase of Enterococcaceae at day 5, a decrease of Bacteroides and Clostridiaceae at day 12.CONCLUSION Anti-TNFα treatment in experimental model of colitis improves disease activity but it is associated to an increase in Th17 pathway together with gut microbiota alteration. | Valentina Petito Cristina Graziani Loris R Lopetuso Marco Fossati Alessandra Battaglia Vincenzo Arena Domenico Scannone Gianluca Quaranta Andrea Quagliariello Federica Del Chierico Lorenza Putignani Luca Masucci Maurizio Sanguinetti Alessandro Sgambato Antonio Gasbarrini Franco Scaldaferri | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，12： | 2 |
| 4 | Gut microbiota,lipopolysaccharides,and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular risk显示文摘 | Manco M Putignani L Bottazzo GF | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 5 | Chromosome mapping in Cryptosporidium parvum and establishment of a long-range restriction map for chromosome VI显示文摘 | Putignani L Sallicandro P Alano P | 1999 | FEMS Microbiol Lett1999，175，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Identification of clinically relevant yeast species by DNA sequence analysis of the D2 variable region of the 25-28S rRNA gene显示文摘 | Putignani L Paglia M Bordi E | 2008 | Mycoses2008，51，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Gut microbiota,lipopo-lysaccharides,and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of obesity andcardiovascular risk显示文摘 | MANCO M PUTIGNANI L BOTTAXXO G F | 2010 | Endocr Rev2010，31，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Cryptosporidium parvum: PCR-RFLP Analysis of the TRAP-C1 (Thrombospondin-Related Adhesive Protein of Cryptosporidium -1) Gene Discriminates between Two Alleles Differentially Associated with Parasite Isolates of Animal and Human Origin显示文摘 | Furio Spano Lorenza Putignani Serena Guida Andrea Crisanti | 1998 | Experimental Parasitology1998，，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Investigation ofToxoplasma gondii presence in farmed shellfish by nested-PCRand real-time PCR fluorescent amplicon generation assay(FLAG)显示文摘 | Putignani L Mancinelli L Del Chierico F | 2011 | Exp Parasitol2011，127，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Cryptosporidium parvum:PCR-RFLP anslysis of the TRAP-C1(Thrombospondium-Related Adhensive Protein of Cryptosporidium-C1) gene discriminates between two alleles differentically associated with parasite isolates of animal and human origin显示文摘 | Spano F Putignani L Guida S | 1998 | Exp Parasitol1998，90，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Cryptosporidium parvum:PCR-RFLP analysis of the TRAP-C1 (thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of Cryptosporidiurn-1) gene discriminates between two alleles differentially associated with parasite isolates of animal and human origin显示文摘 | Spano F Putignani L Guida S et at | 1988 | Exp Parasitol1988，90，： | 1 |
| 12 | The thrombospon- din - related protein CpMIC1 (Cp~PSP8) belongs to the repertoire of micronemal proteins of Cryptosporidium parvum 显示文摘 | PUTIGNANI L POSSENTI A CHERCHI S | 2008 | Mol Biochem Parasitol2008，157，1： | 1 |
| 13 | The unusual architecture and predicted function of the mitochondrion organelle in Cryptosporidium parvum and hominis species: the strong paradigm of the structure-function relationship 显示文摘 | Putignani L | 2005 | Parassitologia2005，47，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Pseud-obactin biogenesis in the plant growth-promoting rhi-zobacterium Pseudomonas strain B10: identificationand functional analysis of the L-omithine N (5) -oxy-genase (psbA ) gene 显示文摘 | AMBROSI C LEONI L PUTIGNANI L | 2000 | Journal of Bacteriology2000，82，21： | 1 |
| 15 | MALDI-TOF mass spec- trometry proteomic phenotyping of clinically relevant fungi 显示文摘 | Putignani L Del Chierico F Onori M | 2011 | Mol Biosyst2011，7，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Characterization of a mitochondrion-like organelle in Cryptosporidium parvum 显示文摘 | Putignani L Tait A Smith HV | 2004 | Parasitology2004，129，： | 1 |
| 17 | Characterization of a mitochondrion-like organelle in Cryptosporidium parvum 显示文摘 | Putignani L Tait A Smith H V | 2004 | Parasitology2004，129，： | 1 |
| 18 | Gut microbiota,lipopolysaccharides,and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular risk显示文摘 | Manco M Putignani L Bottazzo GF | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii presence in farmed shellfish by nested-PCR and real-time PCR fluorescent amplicon generation assay (FLAG)显示文摘 | L. Putignani L. Mancinelli F. Del Chierico D. Menichella D. Adlerstein M.C. Angelici M. Marangi F. Berrilli M. Caffara D.A. Frangipane di Regalbono A. Giangaspero | 2010 | Experimental Parasitology2010，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a Cryptosporidium parvum gene encoding a new member of the thrombospondin family 显示文摘 | SPANO F PUTIGNANI L NAITZA S | 1998 | Mol Biochem Parasitol1998，92，： | 1 |
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