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| 1 | Reduced striatal volumes in Parkinson’s disease:a magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘Background:The presence and extent of structural changes in the brain as a consequence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is still poorly understood.Methods:High-resolution 3-tesla T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images in sixty-five PD and 27 age-matched healthy control participants were examined.Putamen,caudate,and intracranial volumes were manually traced in the axial plane of 3D reconstructed images.Striatal nuclei volumes were normalized to intracranial volume for statistical comparison.Disease status was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale.Cognitive status was assessed using global status tests and detailed neuropsychological testing.Results:Both caudate and putamen volumes were smaller in PD brains compared to controls after adjusting for age and gender.Caudate volumes were reduced by 11%(p=0.001)and putamen volumes by 8.1%(p=0.025).PD striatal volumes were not found to be significantly correlated with cognitive or motor decline.Conclusion:Small,but significant reductions in the volume of both the caudate and putamen occur in PD brains.These reductions are independent of the effects of age and gender,however the relation of these reductions to the functional loss of dopamine,which is characteristic of PD,remains unclear. | Toni L Pitcher Tracy R Melzer Michael R MacAskill Charlotte F Graham Leslie Livingston Ross J Keenan Richard Watts John C Dalrymple-Alford Tim J Anderson | 2012 | Translational Neurodegeneration2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Fire history and age structure in red fir forests of Sequoia National Park, California 显示文摘 | Pitcher D C | 1987 | Canadian Journal of Forest Research1987，17，： | 1 |
| 3 | ,HIV-1-specific CD4^+ T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection,but decline with prolonged viral suppression显示文摘 | Pitcher CJ Quittner C Peterson DM | 1999 | Nat Med1999，5，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Growth and survival of the South African scallop Pecten sulcicostatus in suspended culture 显示文摘 | ARENDSE D C Z PITCHER G C | 2012 | Afr J Mar Sci2012，34，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Short-term variability during an anchor station study in the southern Benguela upwelling system:phytoplankton dynamics显示文摘 | PITCHER G C WALKER D R MITCHELL-INNES B A | 1991 | Progress in Oceanography1991，28，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Further precipitation reactions associated with β'( Al3 Zr) particles in Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys显示文摘 | Tite C N J Gregson P J Pitcher P D | 1988 | Scripta Metallurgica1988，22，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Experimental divertor physics 显示文摘 | PITCHER C S STANGEBY P C | 1997 | Plasma Physics and Con- trolled Fusion1997，39，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Cluster of Differentiation Antigen 4 (CD4) Endocytosis and Adaptor Complex Binding Require Activation of the CD4 Endocytosis Signal by Serine Phosphorylation 显示文摘 | Pitcher C Honing S Fingerhut A | 1999 | Mol Biol Cell1999，10，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Development and homeostasis of T cell memory in rhesus macaque显示文摘 | Pitcher C J Hagen S I Walker J M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Isolation of Helicobacter pylori from feces of patients with dyspepsia in the United Kingdom显示文摘 | Pitcher M C L Farmery S M | 1994 | Gastroenterology1994，107，： | 1 |
| 11 | Recon-structing historical marine ecosystems using food web mod-els:Northern British Columbia from Pre-European contactto present显示文摘 | Ainsworth C H Pitcher T J Heymans J J | 2008 | Ecological Modelling2008，216，： | 1 |
| 12 | Determination of anti gen-specific memory/effector CD4+ T cell frequencies by flow cytometry: evidence for a novel antigen-specific homeostatic mechanism in H1V-associated immunodeficiency显示文摘 | Waldrop SL Pitcher C J Peterson DM | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Ecophysiological studies on Aureococcus anophagefferens blooms in Saldanha Bay, South Mrica 显示文摘 | PROBYN T A BERNARD S PITCHER G C et al | 2010 | Harmful Algae2010，9，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Short-term variability during an anchor station study in the southern Benguela upwelling system: Phytoplankton dynamics 显示文摘 | Pitcher G C Walker D R Mitchell-Innes B A | 1991 | Progress in Oceanograph1991，28，： | 1 |
| 15 | A blind fish can school显示文摘 | Pitcher T J Partridge B L Wardle C S | 1976 | Science1976，194，4268： | 1 |
| 16 | Creep age-forming of 2024A, 8090 and 7449 alloys显示文摘 | PITCHER P D STYLES C M | 2000 | Journal of Materials Science Forum2000，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Creep age forming of 2024A,8090and 7449 alloys显示文摘 | PITCHER P D STYLES C M | 2000 | Material Science Forum2000，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Resilience to change in two coastal communities: using the maximum dexterity fleet 显示文摘 | PITCHER T J AINSWORTH C H | 2010 | Marine Policy2010，34，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Cluster of differentiation antigen 4 (CD4) endocytosis and adaptor complex binding require activation of the CD4 endocytosis signal by serine phosphoryla- tion显示文摘 | Pitcher C H~ning S Fingerhut A | 1999 | Mol Biol Cell1999，10，3： | 1 |
| 20 | The contribution of sulphate reducing bacteria and 5-aminosalicylic acid to faecal sulphide in patients with ulcerative colitis显示文摘 | PITCHER M C BEATTY E R CUMMINGS J H | 2000 | Gut2000，46，： | 1 |
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