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| 1 | Proton pump inhibitor resistance, the real challenge in gastro-esophageal reflux disease显示文摘Gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD)is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases.Although proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)represent the mainstay of treatment both for healing erosive esophagitis and for symptom relief,several studies have shown that up to 40%of GERD patients reported either partial or complete lack of response of their symptoms to a standard PPI dose once daily.Several mechanisms have been proposed as involved in PPIs resistance,including ineffective control of gastric acid secretion,esophageal hypersensitivity,ultrastructural and functional changes in the esophageal epithelium.The diagnostic evaluation of a refractory GERD patients should include an accurate clinical evaluation,upper endoscopy,esophageal manometry and ambulatory pH-impedance monitoring,which allows to discriminate non-erosive reflux disease patients from those presenting esophageal hypersensitivity or functional heartburn.Treatment has been primarily based on doubling the PPI dose or switching to another PPI.Patients with proven disease,not responding to PPI twice daily,are eligible for anti-reflux surgery. | Michele Cicala Sara Emerenziani Michele Pier Luca Guarino Mentore Ribolsi | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，39： | 38 |
| 2 | Virus against virus:a potential treatment for 2019-nCov(SARS-CoV-2)and other RNA viruses显示文摘The novel coronavirus,2019-nCov(named as SARS-CoV-2 by ICTV Coronaviridae Study Group on February 12,2020),causes severe respiratory illness1 and has been spreading around the world rapidly.2 As of February 14,2020,there are over 64,000 confirmed cases with 1,384 deaths.This raises an urgent need for an effective treatment of the deadly disease.However,current antiviral drugs have limited effects on 2019-nCov(SARS-CoV-2). | Tuan M.Nguyen Yang Zhang Pier Paolo Pandolfi | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，3： | 30 |
| 3 | Acute recurrent pancreatitis:Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment显示文摘Acute recurrent pancreatitis(ARP)refers to a clinical entity characterized by episodes of acute pancreatitis which occurs on more than one occasion.Recurrence of pancreatitis generally occurs in a setting of normal morpho-functional gland,however,an established chronic disease may be found either on the occasion of the first episode of pancreatitis or during the follow-up.The aetiology of ARP can be identified in the majority of patients.Most common causes include common bile duct stones or sludge and bile crystals;sphincter of oddi dysfunction;anatomical ductal variants interfering with pancreatic juice outflow;obstruction of the main pancreatic duct or pancreatico-biliary junction;genetic mutations;alcohol consumption.However,despite diagnostic technologies,the aetiology of ARP still remains unknown in up to 30%of cases:in these cases the term'idiopathic'is used.Because occult bile stone disease and sphincter of oddi dysfunction account for the majority of cases,cholecystectomy,and eventually the endoscopic biliary and/or pancreatic sphincterotomy are curative in most of cases.Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy appeared to be a curative procedure per se in about 80%of patients.Ursodeoxycholic acid oral treatment alone has also been reported effective for treatment of biliary sludge.In uncertain cases toxinbotulin injection may help in identifying some sphincter of oddi dysfunction,but this treatment is not widely used.In the last twenty years,pancreatic endotherapy has been proven effective in cases of recurrent pancreatitis depending on pancreatic ductal obstruction,independently from the cause of obstruction,and has been widely used instead of more aggressive approaches. | Pier Alberto Testoni | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，45： | 27 |
| 4 | Clinical features and management of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),which is characterised by progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts,is not a rare disease since both prevalence and incidence are increasing during the last years mainly due to the improvement of case finding strategies.The prognosis of the disease has improved due to both the recognition of earlier and indolent cases,and to the wide use of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA).New indicators of prog-nosis are available that will be useful especially for the growing number of patients with less severe disease.Most patients are asymptomatic at presentation.Pruri-tus may represent the most distressing symptom and,when UDCA is ineffective,cholestyramine represents the mainstay of treatment.Complications of long-standing cholestasis may be clinically relevant only in very ad-vanced stages.Available data on the effects of UDCA on clinically relevant end points clearly indicate that the drug is able to slow but not to halt the progression of the disease while,in advanced stages,the only thera-peutic option remains liver transplantation. | Andrea Crosignani Pier Maria Battezzati Pietro Invernizzi Carlo Selmi Elena Prina Mauro Podda | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 23 |
| 5 | Optical coherence tomography in detection of dysplasia and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and bilio-pancreatic ductal system显示文摘Optical coherence tomography(OCT) is an optical imaging modality that performs high-resolution,cross-sectional,subsurface tomographic imaging of the microstructure of tissues.The physical principle of OCT is similar to that of B-mode ultrasound imaging,except that it uses infrared light waves rather than acoustic waves.The in vivo resolution is 10-25 times better(about 10 μm) than with high-frequency ultrasound imaging,but the depth of penetration is limited to 1-3 mm,depending upon tissue structure,depth of focus of the probe used,and pressure applied to the tissue surface.In the last decade,OCT technology has evolved from an experimental laboratory tool to a new diagnostic imaging modality with a wide spectrum of clinical applications in medical practice,including the gastrointestinal(GI) tract and pancreatic-biliary ductal system.OCT imaging from the GI tract can be done in humans by using narrow-diameter,catheter-based probes that can be inserted through the accessory channel of either a conventional front-view endoscope,for investigating the epithelial structure of the GI tract,or a side-view endoscope,inside a standard transparent ERCP catheter,for investigating the pancreatico-biliary ductal system.Esophagus and the esophago-gastric junction has been the most widely investigated organ so far;more recently,also duodenum,colon and pancreatico-biliary ductal system have been extensively investigated.OCT imaging of the gastro-intestinal wall structure is characterized by a multiple-layer architecture that permits an accurate evaluation of the mucosa,lamina propria,muscularis mucosae,andpart of the submucosa.The technique may be,therefore,used to identify pre-neoplastic conditions of the GI tract,such as Barrett's epithelium and dysplasia,and evaluate the depth of penetration of early-stage neoplastic lesions.OCT imaging of the pancreatic and biliary ductal system could improve the diagnostic accuracy for ductal epithelial changes and the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. | Pier Alberto Testoni Benedetto Mangiavillano | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，42： | 18 |
| 6 | Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Update on inflammation and symptom perception显示文摘Although gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a common disorder in Western countries,with a significant impact on quality of life and healthcare costs,the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of symptoms remain to be fully elucidated.GERD symptoms and complications may result from a multifactorial mechanism,in which acid and acid-pepsin are the important noxious factors involved.Prolonged contact of the esophageal mucosa with the refluxed content,probably caused by a defective anti-reflux barrier and luminal clearance mechanisms,would appear to be responsible for macroscopically detectable injury to the esophageal squamous epithelium.Receptors on acid-sensitive nerve endings may play a role in nociception and esophageal sensitivity,as suggested in animal models of chronic acid exposure.Meanwhile,specific cytokine and chemokine profiles would appear to underlie the various esophageal phenotypes of GERD,explaining,in part,the genesis of esophagitis in a subset of patients.Despite these findings,which show a significant production of inflammatory mediators and neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of GERD,the relationship between the hypersensitivity and esophageal inflammation is not clear.Moreover,the large majority of GERD patients(up to 70%)do not develop esophageal erosions,a variant of the condition called non-erosive reflux disease.This summary aims to explore the inflammatory pathway involved in GERD pathogenesis,to better understand the possible distinction between erosive and non-erosive reflux disease patients and to provide new therapeutic approaches. | Annamaria Altomare Michele Pier Luca Guarino Silvia Cocca Sara Emerenziani Michele Cicala | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，39： | 16 |
| 7 | Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in gallbladder disease,a story not yet completed显示文摘Gallstone disease represents an important issue in the healthcare system.The principal non-invasive nonsurgical medical treatment for cholesterol gallstones is still represented by oral litholysis with bile acids.The first successful and documented dissolution of cholesterol gallstones was achieved in 1972.Since then a large number of investigators all over the world,have been dedicated in biochemical and clinical studies on ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA),demonstrating its extreme versatility.This editorial is aimed to provide a brief review of recent developments in UDCA use,current indications for its use and,the more recent advances in understanding its effects in terms of an antiinflammatory drug. | Michele Pier Luca Guarino Silvia Cocca Annamaria Altomare Sara Emerenziani Michele Cicala | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，31： | 16 |
| 8 | Intragenic antagonistic roles of protein and circRNA in tumorigenesis显示文摘circRNAs arise from back splicing events during mRNA processing, and when deregulated can play an active role in cancer. Here we characterize a new circRNA (circPOK) encoded by the Zbtb7a gene (also kown as POKEMON, LRF) in the context of mesenchymal tumor progression. circPOK functions as a non-coding proto-oncogenic RNA independently and antithetically to its linear transcript counterpart, which acts as a tumor suppressor by encoding the Pokemon transcription factor. We find that circPOK regulates pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic factors by co-activation of the ILF2/3 complex. Importantly, the expression of Pokemon protein and circRNA is aberrantly uncoupled in cancer through differential post-transcriptional regulation. Thus, we identify a novel type of genetic unit, the iRegulon, that yields biochemically distinct RNA products, circular and linear, with diverse and antithetical functions. Our findings further expand the cellular repertoire towards the control of normal biological outputs, while aberrant expression of such components may underlie disease pathogenesis including cancer. | Jlenia Guarnerio Yang Zhang Giulia Cheloni Riccardo Panella Jesse Mae Katon Mark Simpson Akinobu Matsumoto Antonella Papa Cristian Loretelli Andreas Petri Sakari Kauppinen Cassandra Garbutt Gunnlaugur Petur Nielsen Vikram Deshpande Mireia Castillo-Martin Carlos Cordon-Cardo Spentzos Dimitrios John G. Clohessy Mona Batish Pier Paolo Pandolfi | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，8： | 15 |
| 9 | Non-invasive diagnostic imaging of colorectal liver metastases显示文摘Colorectal cancer is one of the few malignant tumors in which synchronous or metachronous liver metastases [colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs)] may be treated with surgery. It has been demonstrated that resection of CRLMs improves the long-term prognosis. On the other hand, patients with un-resectable CRLMs may benefit from chemotherapy alone or in addition to liverdirected therapies. The choice of the most appropriate therapeutic management of CRLMs depends mostly on the diagnostic imaging. Nowadays, multiple non-invasive imaging modalities are available and those have a pivotal role in the workup of patients with CRLMs. Although extensive research has been performed with regards to the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance for the detection of CRLMs, the optimal imaging strategies for staging and follow up are still to be established. This largely due to the progressive technological and pharmacological advances which are constantly improving the accuracy of each imaging modality. This review describes the non-invasive imaging approaches of CRLMs reporting the technical features, the clinical indications, the advantages and the potential limitations of each modality, as well as including some information on the development of new imaging modalities, the role of new contrast media and the feasibility of using parametric image analysis as diagnostic marker of presence of CRLMs. | Pier Paolo Mainenti Federica Romano Laura Pizzuti Sabrina Segreto Giovanni Storto Lorenzo Mannelli Massimo Imbriaco Luigi Camera Simone Maurea | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，7： | 13 |
| 10 | Sedation and analgesia in gastrointestinal endoscopy: What’s new?显示文摘Various types of sedation and analgesia technique have been used during gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures.The best methods for analgesia and sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy are still debated.Providing an adequate regimen of sedation/analgesia might be considered an art,influencing several aspects of endoscopic procedures: the quality of the examination,the patient’s cooperation and the patient’s and physician’s satisfaction with the sedation.The properties of a model sedative agent for endoscopy would include rapid onset and offset of action,analgesic and anxiolytic effects,ease of titration to desired level of sedation,rapid recovery and an excellent safety prof ile.Therefore there is an impulse for development of new approaches to endoscopic sedation.This article provides an update on the methods of sedation today available and future directions in endoscopic sedation. | Lorella Fanti Pier Alberto Testoni | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，20： | 12 |
| 11 | High-definition colonoscopy with i-Scan:Better diagnosis for small polyps and flat adenomas显示文摘AIM:To investigate if high-definition (HD) colonoscope with i-Scan gave a higher detection rate of mucosal lesions vs standard white-light instruments. METHODS:Data were collected from the computerized database of the endoscopy unit of our tertiary referral center. We retrospectively analyzed 1101 consecutive colonoscopies that were performed over 1 year with standard white-light (n = 849) or HD+ with i-Scan (n = 252) instruments by four endoscopists, in an outpatient setting. Colonoscopy records included patients' main details and family history for colorectal cancer, indication for colonoscopy (screening, diagnostic or surveillance), type of instrument used (standard white-light or HD+ plus i-Scan), name of endoscopist and bowel preparation. Records for each procedure included whether the cecum was reached or not and the reason for failure, complications during or immediately after the procedure, and number, size, location and characteristics of the lesions. Polyps or protrudinglesions were defined as sessile or pedunculated, and nonprotruding lesions were defined according to Paris classification. For each lesion, histological diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS:Eight hundred and forty-nine colonoscopies were carried with the standard white-light video colonoscope and 252 with the HD+ plus i-Scan video colonoscope. The four endoscopists did 264, 300, 276 and 261 procedures, respectively; 21.6%, 24.0%, 21.7% and 24.1% of them with the HD+ plus i-Scan technique. There were no significant differences between the four endoscopists in either the number of procedures done or the proportions of each imaging technique used. Both techniques detected one or more mucosal lesions in 522/1101 procedures (47.4%). The overall number of lesions recognized was 1266; 645 in the right colon and 621 in the left. A significantly higher number of colonoscopies recognized lesions in the HD+ plus i-Scan mode (171/252 = 67.9%) than with the standard white-light technique (408/849 = 48.1%) (P < 0.0001). HD+ with i-Scan colonoscopies identified more lesions than standard white-light imaging (459/252 and 807/849, P < 0.0001), in the right or left colon (mean ± SD, 1.62 ± 1.36 vs 1.33 ± 0.73, P < 0.003 and 1.55 ± 0.98 vs 1.17 ± 0.93, P = 0.033), more lesions < 10 mm (P < 0.0001) or nonprotruding (P < 0.022), and flat polyps (P = 0.04). The cumulative mean number of lesions per procedure detected by the four endoscopists was significantly higher with HD+ with i-Scan than with standard white-light imaging (1.82 ± 2.89vs 0.95 ± 1.35,P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION:HD imaging with i-Scan during the withdrawal phase of colonoscopy significantly increased the detection of colonic mucosal lesions, particularly small and nonprotruding polyps. | Pier Alberto Testoni Chiara Notaristefano Cristian Vailati Milena Di Leo Edi Viale | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，37： | 12 |
| 12 | Radiomics and machine learning applications in rectal cancer:Current update and future perspectives显示文摘The high incidence of rectal cancer in both sexes makes it one of the most common tumors,with significant morbidity and mortality rates.To define the best treatment option and optimize patient outcome,several rectal cancer biological variables must be evaluated.Currently,medical imaging plays a crucial role in the characterization of this disease,and it often requires a multimodal approach.Magnetic resonance imaging is the first-choice imaging modality for local staging and restaging and can be used to detect high-risk prognostic factors.Computed tomography is widely adopted for the detection of distant metastases.However,conventional imaging has recognized limitations,and many rectal cancer characteristics remain assessable only after surgery and histopathology evaluation.There is a growing interest in artificial intelligence applications in medicine,and imaging is by no means an exception.The introduction of radiomics,which allows the extraction of quantitative features that reflect tumor heterogeneity,allows the mining of data in medical images and paved the way for the identification of potential new imaging biomarkers.To manage such a huge amount of data,the use of machine learning algorithms has been proposed.Indeed,without prior explicit programming,they can be employed to build prediction models to support clinical decision making.In this review,current applications and future perspectives of artificial intelligence in medical imaging of rectal cancer are presented,with an imaging modality-based approach and a keen eye on unsolved issues.The results are promising,but the road ahead for translation in clinical practice is rather long. | Arnaldo Stanzione Francesco Verde Valeria Romeo Francesca Boccadifuoco Pier Paolo Mainenti Simone Maurea | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，32： | 10 |
| 13 | Use of biological meshes for abdominal wall reconstruction in highly contaminated fields显示文摘Abdominal wall defects and incisional hernias represent a challenging problem. In particular, when a synthetic mesh is applied to contaminated wounds, its removal is required in 50%-90% of cases. Biosynthetic meshes are the newest tool available to surgeons and they could have a role in ventral hernia repair in a potential-ly contaminated field. We describe the use of a sheet of bovine pericardium graft in the reconstruction of abdominal wall defect in two patients. Bovine pericardium graft was placed in the retrorectus space and secured to the anterior abdominal wall using polypropylene sutures in a tension-free manner. We experienced no evidence of recurrence at 4 and 5 years follow-up. | Andrea Cavallaro Emanuele Lo Menzo Maria Di Vita Antonio Zanghì Vincenzo Cavallaro Pier Francesco Veroux Alessandro Cappellani | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，15： | 9 |
| 14 | Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for re-staging rectal cancer after radiotherapy显示文摘AIM:To compare the sensitivity and specificity of two imaging techniques,endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. And we compared EUS and MRI data with histological fi ndings from surgical specimens. METHODS:Thirty-nine consecutive patients (51.3% Male; mean age:68.2 ± 8.9 years) with histologically confirmed distal rectal cancer were examined for staging. All patients underwent EUS and MRI imaging before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. RESULTS:After neoadjuvant chemoradiation,EUS and MRI correctly classified 46% (18/39) and 44% (17/39) of patients,respectively,in line with their histological T stage (P > 0.05). These proportions were higher for both techniques when nodal involvement was considered:69% (27/39) and 62% (24/39). When patients were sorted into T and N subgroups,the diagnostic accuracy of EUS was better than MRI for patients withT0-T2 (44% vs 33%,P > 0.05) and N0 disease (87% vs 52%,P = 0.013). However,MRI was more accurate than EUS in T and N staging for patients with more advanced disease after radiotherapy,though these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION:EUS and MRI are accurate imaging techniques for staging rectal cancer. However,after neoadjuvant RT-CT,the role of both methods in the assessment of residual rectal tumors remains uncertain. | Gianni Mezzi Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono Silvia Carrara Francesco Perri Maria Chiara Petrone Francesco De Cobelli Simone Gusmini Carlo Staudacher Alessandro Del Maschio Pier Alberto Testoni | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，44： | 9 |
| 15 | Gastrointestinal neuromuscular apparatus: An underestimated target of gut microbiota显示文摘Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influence gastrointestinal motility. The current working hypothesis is that dysbiosis-driven mucosal alterations induce the production of several inflammatory/immune mediators which affect gut neuro-muscular functions. Besides these indirect mucosal-mediated effects, the present review highlights that recent evidence suggests that microbiota can directly affect enteric nerves and smooth muscle cells functions through its metabolic products or bacterial molecular components translocated from the intestinal lumen. Tolllike receptors, the bacterial recognition receptors, are expressed both on enteric nerves and smooth muscle and are emerging as potential mediators between microbiota and the enteric neuromuscular apparatus. Furthermore, the ongoing studies on probiotics support the hypothesis that the neuromuscular apparatus may represent a target of intervention, thus opening new physiopathological and therapeutic scenarios. | Michele Pier Luca Guarino Michele Cicala Lorenza Putignani Carola Severi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，45： | 8 |
| 16 | Graphene for energy harvesting/storage devices and printed electronics显示文摘Graphene-based materials are intriguing from the perspective of fundamental science and technology because they are non-toxic, chemically and thermally tolerant, and mechanically robust. Graphene exhibits superior electrical conductivity, high surface area and a broad electrochemical window that may be particularly advantageous for their applications in energy storage devices. In addition, graphene can be prepared in the form of a colloidal suspension with adjustable solubility and thus is suitable for printing applications and offers both transparency and good conductivity at the same time. In this review, applications of graphene in solar cells, batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells are summarized with the latest developments. Furthermore, graphene as a conductive ink for printed electronics is also discussed. | Lorenzo Grande Vishnu Teja Chundi Di Wei Chris Bower Piers Andrew TapaniRyhanen | 2012 | Particuology2012，10，1： | 8 |
| 17 | Starring role of toll-like receptor-4 activation in the gutliver axis显示文摘Since the introduction of the term 'gut-liver axis', many studies have focused on the functional links of intestinal microbiota, barrier function and immune responses to liver physiology. Intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases alter microbiota composition and lead to dysbiosis, which aggravates impaired intestinal barrier function via increased lipopolysaccharide translocation. The subsequent increased passage of gut-derived product from the intestinal lumen to the organ wall and bloodstream affects gut motility and liver biology. The activation of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4) likely plays a key role in both cases. This review analyzed the most recent literature on the gut-liver axis, with a particular focus on the role of TLR-4 activation. Findings that linked liver disease with dysbiosis are evaluated, and links between dysbiosis and alterations of intestinal permeability and motility are discussed. We also examine the mechanisms of translocated gut bacteria and/or the bacterial product activation of liver inflammation and fibrogenesis via activity on different hepatic cell types. | Simone Carotti Michele Pier Luca Guarino Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci Sergio Morini | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2015，6，4： | 8 |
| 18 | Gastro-esophageal reflux disease and obesity, where is the link?显示文摘The confluence between the increased prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD)and of obesity has generated great interest in the association between these two conditions.Several studies have addressed the potential relationship between GERD and obesity,but the exact mechanism by which obesity causes reflux disease still remains to be clearly defined.A commonly suggested pathogenetic pathway is the increased abdominal pressure which relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter,thus exposing the esophageal mucosal to gastric content.Apart from the mechanical pressure,visceral fat is metabolically active and it has been strongly associated with serum levels of adipocytokines including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factorα,which may play a role in GERD or consequent carcinogenesis.This summary is aimed to explore the potential mechanisms responsible for the association between GERD and obesity,and to better understand the possible role of weight loss as a therapeutic approach for GERD. | Sara Emerenziani Maria Paola Rescio Michele Pier Luca Guarino Michele Cicala | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，39： | 7 |
| 19 | Endoscopic ultrasonography for evaluating patients with recurrent pancreatitis显示文摘Acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) is still a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. In up to 30% of cases of ARP, it is not possible to establish the etiology of the disease. In the other 70%, many factors play an etiological role in ARP: microlithiasis, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), pancreas divisum, hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, a choledochocele, annular pancreas, an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction, pancreatic tumors or chronic pancreatitis are diagnosed. EUS should be useful in ARP as it is sensitive for diagnosing bile duct stones, gallbladder sludge, pancreatic lesions, ductal abnormalities and chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) appears to be diagnostic in the majority of patients with previously unexplained pancreatitis, and offers an alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as the initial diagnostic test in patients with ARP. | Maria Chiara Petrone Paolo G Arcidiacono Pier Alberto Testoni | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 7 |
| 20 | Transoral incisionless fundoplication for gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Techniques and outcomes显示文摘Gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a verycommon disorder that results primarily from the loss of an effective antireflux barrier,which forms a mechanical obstacle to the retrograde movement of gastric content.GERD can be currently treated by medical therapy,surgical or endoscopic transoral intervention.Medical therapy is the most common approach,though concerns have been increasingly raised in recent years about the potential side effects of continuous longterm medication,drug intolerance or unresponsiveness,and the need for high dosages for long periods to treat symptoms or prevent recurrences.Surgery too may in some cases have consequences such as longlasting dysphagia,flatulence,inability to belch or vomit,diarrhea,or functional dyspepsia related to delayed gastric emptying.In the last few years,transoral incisionless fundoplication(TIF)has proved an effective and promising therapeutic option as an alternative to medical and surgical therapy.This review describes the steps of the TIF technique,using the Esophy X®device and the MUSETM system.Complications and their management are described in detail,and the recent literature regarding the outcomes is reviewed.TIF reconfigures the tissue to obtain a full-thickness gastroesophageal valve from inside the stomach,by serosato-serosa plications which include the muscle layers.To date the procedure has achieved lasting improvement of GERD symptoms(up to six years),cessation or reduction of proton pump inhibitor medication in about 75%of patients,and improvement of functional findings,measured by either p H or impedance monitoring. | Pier Alberto Testoni Giorgia Mazzoleni Sabrina Gloria Giulia Testoni | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2016，7，2： | 7 |
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