|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 森林土壤氮素转换及其对氮沉降的响应显示文摘近几十年人类活动向大气中排放的含氮化合物激增 ,并引起大气氮沉降也成比例增加。目前 ,氮沉降的增加使一些森林生态系统结构和功能发生改变 ,甚至衰退。近 2 0 a欧洲和北美有关氮沉降及其对森林生态系统的影响方面的研究较多 ,而我国少有涉及。森林土壤氮素转换是森林生态系统氮素循环的一个重要的组成部分 ,而矿化、硝化和反硝化作用是其核心过程 ,氮沉降作为驱动因子势必改变森林土壤氮素转换速度、方向和通量。根据国外近 2 0 a有关研究 ,首先介绍了森林土壤氮素转换过程和强度 ,论述森林土壤氮素在生态系统氮素循环中的作用 ,然后在此基础上 ,介绍了氮沉降对森林土壤氮素循环的研究途径 ,探讨了氮沉降对森林土壤氮素矿化。 | 方运霆 莫江明 Per Gundersen 周国逸 李德军 | 2004 | 生态学报2004，24，7： | 114 |
| 2 | 后新公共管理改革——作为一种新趋势的整体政府显示文摘 | Tom Christensen Per Lgreid 张丽娜 袁何俊 | 2006 | 中国行政管理2006，，9： | 248 |
| 3 | 氮沉降对森林植物的影响显示文摘综述了氮沉降对森林植物的影响。氮沉降对森林植物的影响主要表现在以下6个方面:(1)在一定量范围内的氮沉降有利于植物的光合作用,但过量后则会引起植物的光合速率下降;(2)当植物生长受氮限制时,在一定程度上的氮沉降增加植物生产力,但当氮过量后,氮沉降则使植物的生产力下降;(3)过量的氮沉降导致植物体各种营养元素含量的比例失衡;(4)氮沉降会改变植物的形态结构,集中表现为根/冠比减小;(5)氮沉降会增加植物对天然胁迫如干旱、病虫害和风的敏感性,减少其抵御能力;(6)氮沉降会改变植物组成和降低森林植物的多样性。 | 李德军 莫江明 方运霆 彭少麟 Per Gundersen | 2003 | 生态学报2003，23，9： | 161 |
| 4 | 南亚热带森林土壤有效氮含量及其对模拟氮沉降增加的初期响应显示文摘研究了南亚热带主要森林类型 (马尾松林、混交林和季风常绿阔叶林 )土壤有效氮含量对模拟氮沉降的初期响应。结果显示 :(1)马尾松林、混交林和阔叶林 0~ 10 cm和 10~ 2 0 cm两个土层有效氮 (铵态氮 +硝态氮 )含量总平均分别为 6 .2 4、6 .2 2和14 .77m g/kg,其中铵态氮占 4 5 .3%、4 8.7%和 14 .5 %。 (2 )外加氮处理使 3个森林两个土层的有效氮含量都在增加 ,但其影响程度取决于土层、氮处理水平、氮处理时间和森林类型。总体而言 ,0~ 10 cm土层略比 10~ 2 0 cm土层敏感 ;氮处理水平越高土壤有效氮增加越多 ;外加氮处理时间越长 ,处理样方与对照样方的差距越大 ; | 方运霆 莫江明 周国逸 Per Gundersen 李德军 江远清 | 2004 | 生态学报2004，24，11： | 62 |
| 5 | 鼎湖山森林土壤渗透水酸度和无机氮含量对模拟氮沉降增加的早期响应显示文摘在林地分别喷加0、50、100 和150 kg N hm-2 a-1,研究鼎湖山马尾松林、马尾松针阔混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中土壤20 cm深渗透水酸度和无机氮含量在开始9个月的变化。结果表明,3种森林对照样方土壤渗透水pH值为3.82-4.24,外加氮处理使其平均降低了0.08-0.18。3个森林对照样方土壤渗透水无机氮平均含量分别为6.14、6.66和11.64 mg L-1,铵态氮占15.0%、11.9%和3.0%。外加氮处理使3种森林土壤渗透水铵态氮和硝态氮含量均有不同程度的提高,这表明外加氮处理不但增加了无机氮从森林土壤流失的潜力,而且使土壤进一步酸化。 | 方运霆 莫江明 江远清 李德军 PER Gundersen | 2005 | 热带亚热带植物学报2005，13，2： | 23 |
| 6 | 贡嘎山东坡的鸟类多样性和区系显示文摘经过7年5次野外系统调查并综合有关文献,贡嘎山东坡分布有鸟类336种,其中,留鸟204种(60.7%),夏候鸟89种(26.5%),冬候鸟18种(5.4%),旅鸟25种(7.4%);东洋界物种205种(61.0%),古北界物种105种(31.3%),广布种26种(7.7%);雀形目Passeriformes鸟类245种(72.9%);繁殖鸟类293种(87.2%)。本地区有国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类3种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类29种;横断山-喜马拉雅地区特有鸟类53种;CITES附录Ⅰ鸟类3种,附录Ⅱ鸟类25种;世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录濒危鸟类1种,易危鸟类2种。研究发现,东洋界物种的海拔分布下限平均、上限平均、中点平均和海拔跨度平均都低于古北界物种,但仅海拔分布中点平均和上限平均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),体现了东洋界和古北界物种对高海拔环境适应能力的不同可能与其不同的生物地理演化历史有关;东洋界占优势的特有种(51/53)海拔分布下限平均、中点平均和上限平均显著高于非特有物种,体现出东洋界特有种对高山环境的适应也许与其特有化过程有关。贡嘎山东坡鸟类丰富度在中海拔1 800~2 800 m的落叶阔叶混交林和针阔叶混交林中最高,在高海拔和低海拔物种丰富度较低,物种丰富度呈中峰模式,鸟类生态群落随植物群落结构变化而呈现一定的垂直生态替代规律。 | 吴永杰 何兴成 Shane G.DuBay Andrew Hart Reeve Per Alstrom 周华明 和梅香 雍凡 张文文 雷富民 冉江洪 | 2017 | 四川动物2017，36，6： | 22 |
| 7 | Gestational diabetes: A clinical update显示文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is increasing in prevalence in tandem with the dramatic increase inthe prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age.Much controversy surrounds the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes,emphasizing the importance and relevance of clarity and consensus.If newly proposed criteria are adopted universally a significantly growing number of women will be diagnosed as having GDM,implying new therapeutic challenges to avoid foetal and maternal complications related to the hyperglycemia of gestational diabetes.This review provides an overview of clinical issues related to GDM,including the challenges of screening and diagnosis,the pathophysiology behind GDM,the treatment and prevention of GDM and the long and short term consequences of gestational diabetes for both mother and offspring. | Ulla Kampmann Lene Ring Madsen Gitte Oeskov Skajaa Ditte Smed Iversen Niels Moeller Per Ovesen | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，8： | 17 |
| 8 | Role of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in colorectal liver metastases:A review显示文摘Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the Western world. Approximately half of patients will develop liver metastases, which is the most common cause of death. The only potentially curative treatment is surgical resection. However, many patients retain a to small future liver remnant(FLR) to allow for resection directly. There are therefore strategies todecrease the tumor with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to increase the FLR. An accepted strategy to increase the FLR is portal vein occlusion(PVO). A concern with this strategy is that a large proportion of patients will never be operated because of progression during the interval between PVO and resection. ALPPS(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy) is a new procedure with a high resection rate. A concern with this approach is the rather high frequency of complications and high mortality, compared to PVO. In this review, it is shown that with ALPPS the resection rate was 97.1% for CRLM and the mortality rate for all diagnoses was 9.6%. The mortality rate was likely lower for patients with CRLM, but some data were lacking in the reports. Due to the novelty of ALPPS, the indications and technique are not yet established but there are arguments for ALPPS in the context of CRLM and a small FLR. | Kristina Hasselgren Per Sandstrom Bergthor Bjornsson | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，15： | 16 |
| 9 | 杂草种类、叶龄及药后降水时间对烟嘧磺隆药效的影响显示文摘温室盆栽条件下研究了反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus、马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis、稗草Echinochloa crus- galli、牛筋草 Eleusine indica和苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti5种杂草对烟嘧磺隆的敏感性。结果表明 :反枝苋和稗草对该药剂最敏感 ,而苘麻对烟嘧磺隆的耐药性最高。药液中添加2 .5 m L/ L的有机硅助剂 Silwet L- 77提高了对除马唐以外的所有草种的防除效果 ,表明在作用于马唐时 Silwet L- 77与烟嘧磺隆之间存在拮抗作用。杂草叶龄对烟嘧磺隆的药效有明显的影响 ,3~5叶期施药 ,防效高达 89.9%以上 ,而 7叶期的防效只有 75 %。药后 1.5 h和 3.0 h降水 3mm降低了烟嘧磺隆的防效 ,但药后 6 .0 h降雨对药效无显著影响。烟嘧磺隆与 Silwet L- 77混用 ,可提高药剂对反枝苋的抗雨水冲刷能力 ,但对马唐的效果没有提高。 | 武菊英 S.Mathiassen Per Kudsk | 2003 | 农药学学报2003，5，1： | 16 |
| 10 | Liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-diagnostic challenge with prognostic significance显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the mostcommon liver disease in the Western world, with a prevalence of 20%. In a subgroup of patients, inflammation, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes and a varying degree of fibrosis may develop, a condition named non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Advanced liver fibrosis(stage F3) and cirrhosis(stage F4) are histologic features that most accurately predict increased mortality in both liver-related and cardiovascular diseases. Patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis are at risk for complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal varices and should therefore be included in surveillance programs. However, liver disease and fibrosis are often unrecognized in patients with NAFLD, possibly leading to a delayed diagnosis of complications. The early diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD is therefore crucial, and it can be accomplished using serum biomarkers(e.g., the NAFLD Fibrosis Score, Fib-4 Index or BARD) or non-invasive imaging techniques(transient elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse imaging). The screening of risk groups, such as patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus, for NAFLD development with these non-invasive methods may detect advanced fibrosis at an early stage. Additionally, patients with a low risk for advanced fibrosis can be identified, and the need for liver biopsies can be minimized. This review focuses on the diagnostic challenge and prognostic impact of advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD. | Per Stal | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，39： | 15 |
| 11 | Species diversity and regeneration of old-growth seasonally dry Shorea robusta forests following gap formation显示文摘木质的种类的差异和新生在二生态的壁龛 viz 被调查。在旧生长的季节联盟者的差距和未经触动的植被弄干 Shorea 柔韧一(Gaertn。f.) 在尼泊尔的森林。我们也联系了差异措施和新生属性的变化到差距特征。树和灌木部件的茎密度比在未经触动的植被在差距是更高的。S 的幼苗密度。柔韧 and Terminalia alata (B。Heyne 前 Roth ) 比在未经触动的植被在差距是更高的,当矛盾的结果为 T 被观察时。bellirica (Gaertn。前 Roxb ) 并且 Syzigium 枯茗 i (L。Skeels ) 以幼苗密度。在幼苗层的 Simpson 索引,平均索引,和种类个人比率的补充比未经触动的植被在差距是更低的。差距尺寸能解释种类丰富和种类建立率。在不同的年里到多重树下降创造的差距有 S 的更高的幼苗密度。柔韧 a 比单个或多重的树创造的差距掉在一样的年里。在结论,差距由增加柳安森林的幼苗密度,和帮助新生维持种类差异。除了差距尺寸,另外的差距属性也影响种类差异和新生。 | Indra Prasad Sapkota Mulualem Tigabu Per Christer Oden | 2009 | Journal of Forestry Research2009，20，1： | 14 |
| 12 | 基于A位元素置换策略合成新型MAX相材料Ti_3ZnC_2显示文摘MAX相材料是一类兼具金属和陶瓷特性的三元层状材料,在高温导电、耐磨、耐腐蚀和耐辐照损伤等方面性能优异。目前已经合成出的MAX相材料已有70余种,但A位元素一直局限在ⅢA和ⅣA主族元素,如Al、Si、Ga等,而以副族元素占据A位的MAX相鲜有报道。本研究以Ti_3AlC_2为前驱体,利用熔盐中的A位置换反应,制备出了A位为Zn元素的全新MAX相材料Ti_3ZnC_2。结合X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等分析手段对Ti_3ZnC_2的成分和结构进行了确认,并通过密度泛函理论对Ti_3ZnC_2的结构稳定性和晶格参数进行了确定。进一步通过热力学计算对Fe、Co、Ni、Cu等几种元素的A位置换反应进行了预测,发现采用这几种元素的氧化物进行置换反应在热力学上也都具有可行性。本研究所提出的元素置换策略是在保持MAX相六方层状晶体结构的基础上,利用Al、Zn在高温下形成共晶产物实现Zn原子向A层内的迁移,而熔盐介质的存在促进了反应动力学。本方法巧妙地避免了MAX相传统合成过程中竞争相的形成,如M-A合金相,因此可以用于探索更多未知的MAX相材料。 | 李勉 李友兵 罗侃 LU Jun EKLUND Per PERSSON Per ROSEN Johanna HULTMAN Lars 都时禹 黄政仁 黄庆 | 2019 | 无机材料学报2019，34，1： | 14 |
| 13 | Dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen and their responses to nitrogen additions in three subtropical forests, south China显示文摘Three forests with different historical land-use, forest age, and spec ies assemblages in subtropical China were selected to evaluate current soil N st atus and investigate the responses of soil inorganic N dynamics to monthly ammon ium nitrate additions. Results showed that the mature monsoon evergreen broadlea ved forest that has been protected for more than 400 years exhibited an advanced soil N status than the pine (Pinus massoniana) and pine-broadleaf mixed forests , both originated from the 1930’s clear-cut and pine plantation. Mature forests had greater extractable inorganic N pool, lower N retention capacity, higher in organic N leaching, and higher soil C/N ratios. Mineral soil extractable NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations were significantly increased by experimental N additio ns on several sampling dates, but repeated ANOVA showed that the effect was not significant over the whole year except NH4+-N in the mature forest. In contrast, inorganic N (both NH4+-N and NO3--N) in soil 20-cm below the surface was signif icantly elevated by the N additions. From 42% to 74% of N added was retained by the upper 20 cm soils in the pine and mixed forests, while 0%—70% was retained in the mature forest. Our results suggest that land-use history, forest age and species composition were likely to be some of the important factors that determi ne differing forest N retention responses to elevated N deposition in the study region. | FANG Yun-ting ZHU Wei-xing MO Jiang-ming ZHOU Guo-yi GUNDERSEN Per | 2006 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2006，18，4： | 12 |
| 14 | This year's Nobel Prize to gastroenterology:Robin Warren and Barry Marshall awarded for their discovery of Helicobacter pylori as pathogen in the gastrointestinal tract显示文摘 | Per M Hellstr(o|¨)m | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，19： | 12 |
| 15 | 饱水古木材的结构和降解过程显示文摘饱水古木材横切片通常显示两个或更多的不同降解区域。光学显微镜、电子显微镜、配合组织的化学成分分析,证明了木材从内到外的非生命化学降解过程。随着水分的充满,次生壁因糖类的水解开始松动。细胞壁失去荧光性和双折射。最后残存的木质素结构崩塌,只剩粒状残片。第三层细胞壁,特别是薄片状胞间层,有抵抗力,只要一直充满水就会保持原始组织尺寸。 | 马菁毓 Per Ho ffmann Mark A.Jones | 2004 | 东南文化2004，，1： | 12 |
| 16 | 自然保护区、恢复力和动态景观显示文摘在这个日益被人类活动所改变的世界里,保护生物多样性对于维持有恢复力的生态系统和确保生态系统产品的可持续流动以及对社会的服务是至关重要的。但是,现有的自然保护区和国家公园不大可能结合生态系统的长期和大尺度的动态。因此,保护策略必须包括大面积的人类利用经营的土地。为了能使生态系统在大规模的自然和人为干扰之后得以重组,以生态存储形式出现的空间恢复力是必备的前提。生态存储包括那些能使生态系统得以重组的物种、相互作用和结构,它的组成部分可能出现在干扰斑块中,也可能出现在周围的景观中。现有的静态自然保护区应该由动态自然保护区加以补充,例如生态休闲地和动态演替保护区,这些都是在景观尺度上模拟自然干扰状况,进行生态系统经营的组成部分。 | Janne Bengtsson Per Angelstam Thomas Elmqvist Urban Emanuelsson Carl Folke Margareta Ihse Fredrik Moberg Magnus Nystrm 王胜 | 2003 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2003，32，6： | 11 |
| 17 | 超越新公共管理:平衡控制与自主的渐增复杂性显示文摘论文主要探讨两个学术问题:在公共组织中,新公共管理和后新公共管理改革的新复杂性和分层的特征是什么?我们应如何分析这种复杂性的发展?政治和行政领导在其发展过程中的角色是什么,其他因素在何种程度上产生了作用?论文在简要地概述从新公共管理改革到后新公共管理改革的变化之后,再以挪威两次改革过程为例经验地说明不断增长的复杂性,从而回答第一个问题。论文联系转型模型和新公共管理及后新公共管理改革中平衡控制与自主的经验以更具理论讨论的形式回答第二个问题。将依据磋商性的、文化的和环境的因素在设计复杂性和平衡政治控制与自主中对潜在层级控制是起限制作用还是起促进作用来讨论这些因素。最后反思新复杂性的某些结果。 | Tom Christensen Per Lgreid 胡辉华 | 2009 | 公共行政评论2009，2，1： | 11 |
| 18 | Rectal nitric oxide as biomarker in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Responders versus nonresponders显示文摘瞄准:探索直肠的氮的氧化物(没有) 作为处理的简历标记,在 ulcerative (UC ) 和 Crohn 的反应是疾病(CD ) ,并且检验在之间的关系直肠没有,没有 synthases (NOS ) 的粘膜表示,和支持 inflammatory cytokines。方法:有 UC 的 22 个病人并且 24 在类固醇治疗期间与 CD 被监视。直肠没有层次被测量,临床的活动在天被估计 1, 3, 7 和 28。NOS 和支持 inflammatory cytokines 的粘膜存在被免疫组织化学和 RT-PCR 分析。结果:显著地显示的活跃 UC 和 CD 增加了直肠没有层次(10950 +/- 1280 每十亿分开的 7610 和 5040 +/-(ppb ) ,分别地) 作为与控制相比(154 +/- 71 ppb, P <
0.001 ) 。直肠不在 UC 和 CD 与疾病活动微弱地相关(r = 0.34 为 UC 和 r = 0.48 为 CD, P <
0.01 ) 。在 12 个病人,一堂类固醇倔强的功课导致了结肠切除术。仅仅稍微有的这些病人没增加层次(UC:620 +/- 270 ppb;CD:1260 +/- 550 ppb ) 与那些相比与治疗学的回答(UC:18860 +/- 530 ppb, P <
0.001;CD:10060 +/- 3200 ppb, P <
0.05 ) 。结论:直肠没有水平是在是的 IBD 的治疗反应的一个有用简历标记低没有层次预言差的临床的回答到类固醇治疗。 | Tryggve Ljung Sofie Lundberg Mark Varsanyi Catharina Johansson Peter T Schmidt Max Herulf Jon O Lundberg Per M Hellstr(o|¨)m | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，21： | 10 |
| 19 | Response of soil fauna to simulated nitrogen deposition: A nursery experiment in subtropical China显示文摘我们学习了土壤动物志的回答到模仿的氮免职 innursery 在副热带的 China.Dissolved NH4NO3 的试验性的阴谋被 sprayingtwice 每月用于土壤 16 个月,以 0,5,10,15 的处理和30gN/( m2 ·a )在2003年1月开始在在三的处理的 6,9,13 和 16 个月玷污深度以后, .Soil 动物志被取样( 0-5cm,5-10 厘米, 10-15 厘米) N 在与增加的 Ntreatment 的通讯增加了的可得到的 .Soil ,而土壤 pH decreased.Bacterial | XU Guo-liang MO Jiang-ming FU Sheng-lei PER Gundersen ZHOU Guo-yi XUE Jing-Hua | 2007 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2007，19，5： | 10 |
| 20 | Fecal markers of inflammation used as surrogate markers for treatment outcome in relapsing inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM: To evaluate fecal calprotectin (FC) as a surrogate marker of treatment outcome of relapse of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and, to compare FC with fecal myeloperoxidase (MPO) and fecal eosinophil protein X (EPX). METHODS: Thirty eight patients with IBD, comprising of 27 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 11 with Crohn’s disease (CD) were investigated before treatment (inclusion), and after 4 and 8 wk of treatment. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by clinical features of disease activity and endoscopy in UC patients, and disease activity in CD patients. In addition, fecal samples were analyzed for FC by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for MPO and EPX with radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: At inclusion 37 of 38 (97%) patients had elevated FC levels (> 94.7 μg/g). At the end of the study, 31 of 38 (82%) patients fulfilled predefined criteria of a complete response [UC 21/27 (78%); CD 10/11 (91%)]. Overall, a normalised FC level at the end of the study predicted a complete response in 100% patients, whereas elevated FC level predicted incomplete response in 30%. Normalised MPO or EPX levels predicted a complete response in 100% and90% of the patients, respectively. However, elevated MPO or EPX levels predicted incomplete response in 23% and 22%, respectively. CONCLUSION: A normalised FC level has the potential to be used as a surrogate marker for successful treatment outcome in IBD patients. However, patients with persistent elevation of FC levels need further evaluation. FC and MPO provide superior discrimination than EPX in IBD treatment outcome. | Michael Wagner Christer GB Peterson Peter Ridefelt Per Sangfelt Marie Carlson | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，36： | 9 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员