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| 1 | Ultrasound curriculum taught by first-year medical students: A four-year experience in Tanzania显示文摘BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging is an integral aspect of care that is often insufficient, if not altogether absent, in rural and remote regions of low to middle income countries(LMICs) such as Tanzania. The introduction of ultrasound can significantly impact treatment in these countries due to its portability, low cost, safety, and usefulness in various medical assessments. This study reviews the implementation of a four-week ultrasound course administered annually from 2013–2016 in a healthcare professional school in Mwanza, Tanzania by first-year allopathic US medical students.METHODS: Participants(n=582, over 4 years) were recruited from the Tandabui Institute of Health Sciences and Technology to take the ultrasound course. Subjects were predominantly clinical officer students, but other participants included other healthcare professional students, practicing healthcare professionals, and school employees. Data collected includes pre-course examination scores, post-course examination scores, course quiz scores, demographic surveys, and postcourse feedback surveys. Data was analyzed using two-tailed t-tests and the single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA).RESULTS: For all participants who completed both the pre-and post-course examinations(n=229, 39.1% of the total recruited), there was a significant mean improvement in their ultrasound knowledge of 42.5%, P<0.01.CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that trained first-year medical students can effectively teach a point of care ultrasound course to healthcare professional students within four weeks in Tanzania. Future investigation into the level of long-term knowledge retention, impact of ultrasound training on knowledge of human anatomy and diagnostic capabilities, and how expansion of an ultrasound curriculum has impacted access to care in rural Tanzania is warranted. | Scan P. Denny William B. Mintccr Rcccc T.H. Fcnning Sahil Aggarwal Dcbora H. Lee Shclla K. Raja Kaavya R. Raman Allison O. Farfcl Priya A. Patcl MarkLicbcr Mcgan E. Bcrnstcin Shadi Lahham John C. Fox | 2018 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2018，9，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Cancer of the esophagus:esophagogastric anastomotic leak-a restrospective study of predisposing factors显示文摘 | Patil PK Patcl SG Mistry RC | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 3 | The posterior transpcdicular approach for circumfcrcntial decompression and instrumcntcd stahilization with titanium cage vcrtchrcetomy reconstruction for spinal tumors; consecutivc case serics of 50 patients显示文摘 | Mctcalfc S Ghejuade H Patcl NR | 2012 | Spine ( Phila Pa 1976 )2012，37，16： | 1 |
| 4 | Protein nitration with aging in the rat semlmembranosus and soleus museles 显示文摘 | Patcl H Li X Karan H I | 2003 | Biosens Bioclectron2003，18，10： | 1 |
| 5 | Schcuermann's kyphosis显示文摘 | Ali RM Green DW Patcl TC | 1999 | Curt Opin Pediatr1999，11，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Effectiveness of cataract pha- coemulsification with toric intraocular lenses in addressing astigma- tism after keratoplasty 显示文摘 | Lockington D Wang EF Patcl DV | 2014 | J Cataract Refract Surg2014，40，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Extra cellular pH influ ences uptake and photodynamic action of pyropheophorbide-a entrapped in folate receptor targeted organically n,odified silica nanoparticle显示文摘 | Singh SP Sharma M Patcl H | 2014 | Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther2014，11，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Phytochrome E influences internode elongation and flowering time in Arabdiopsis显示文摘 | Devlin P F Patcl s Whitclam G C | 1998 | Plant Cell1998，10，： | 1 |
| 9 | Purification and characterization of C-Phycocyanin from cyanobacterial species of marine and freshwater habitat 显示文摘 | Anamika Patcl Sandhya Mishra Rieha Pawar | 2005 | Protein Expression and Purification2005，40，： | 1 |
| 10 | High velocity oxy-fuel and plasma deposition of BaTiC3 and (Ba,Sr) TiO3显示文摘 | Dent A H Patcl A Uutlcbcr J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Schcuermann's kyphosis显示文摘 | Ali RM Green DW Patcl TC | 1999 | Curr Opin Pediatr1999，11，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Overeapression of hepato cyte growth factor/scatter (HGF/SF) any the HGF/SF receptor are associated with a high risk of metastasis anyrec : for diily any young adults with papillary thyroid carcinoma 显示文摘 | Ramirez R Hsn D Patcl A | 2002 | Clin Eny Ocrinol2002，，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Biomechanical evaluation of current patella fracture fixation techniques 显示文摘 | Carpenter JE Kasman RA Patcl N | 1997 | J Orthop Trauma1997，11，： | 1 |
| 14 | Nephrolithiasis asso ciated with renal insufficiency:Factors predicting out- come显示文摘 | Kukreja R Desai M Patcl SH | 2003 | Endourol2003，17，： | 1 |
| 15 | Sarcoidosis显示文摘 | English JC 3rd Patcl PJ Grccr KE | 2001 | Am Acad Dcrmatol2001，44，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Efficacy, Safety, and Outcome of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Septuagenarians 显示文摘 | Con'ado A Patcl D Riedlbauchova L | 2008 | J Cardiovasc Eleetrophysiol2008，19，8： | 1 |
| 17 | CD8Atlantic halibut,Hippoglossus hippoglossus:cloning,char-acterization and gene expression during viral and bacterial infection显示文摘 | Patcl S OvergArd A C Nerland A H | 2008 | Fish & Shellfish Immunology2008，25，： | 1 |
| 18 | Systematic review of levodo- pa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease 显示文摘 | Tomlinson CL Stowe R Patcl S | 2010 | Movement Disorders2010，25，15： | 1 |
| 19 | Analysis of a Simple Successive In- terference Cancellation Scheme in a DS/CDMA System 显示文摘 | Patcl P Holtzman J | 1994 | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communica- tions1994，12，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Strategics to decrease the risk of ventricular catheter infections a review of the evi- dence 显示文摘 | Babu MA Patcl R Marsh WR | 2012 | Ncurocrit Care2012，16，1： | 1 |
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