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| 1 | Improving the knowledge of plant potential biodiversity-ecosystem services links using maps at the regional level in Southern Patagonia显示文摘Background:Biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem services,whereas species loss endangers the provision of many services and affects ecosystem resilience and resistance capacity.The increase of remote sensing techniques allows to estimate biodiversity and ecosystem services supply at the landscape level in areas with low available data(e.g.Southern Patagonia).This paper evaluates the potential biodiversity and how it links with ecosystem services,based on vascular plant species across eight ecological areas.We also evaluated the habitat plant requirements and their relation with natural gradients.A total of 977 plots were used to develop habitat suitability maps based on an environmental niche factor analysis of 15 more important indicator species for each ecological area(n=53 species)using 40 explanatory variables.Finally,these maps were combined into a single potential biodiversity map,which was linked with environmental variables and ecosystem services supply.For comparisons,data were extracted and compared through analyses of variance.Results:The plant habitat requirements varied greatly among the different ecological areas,and it was possible to define groups according to its specialization and marginality indexes.The potential biodiversity map allowed us to detect coldspots in the western mountains and hotspots in southern and eastern areas.Higher biodiversity was associated to higher temperatures and normalized difference vegetation index,while lower biodiversity was related to elevation and rainfall.Potential biodiversity was closely associated with supporting and provisioning ecosystem services in shrublands and grasslands in the humid steppe,while the lowest values were related to cultural ecosystem services in Nothofagus forests.Conclusions:The present study showed that plant species present remarkable differences in spatial distributions and ecological requirements,being a useful proxy for potential biodiversity modelling.Potential biodiversity values change across ecological areas allowing to identify hotspots and coldspots,a useful tool for landscape management and conservation strategies.In addition,links with ecosystem services detect potential synergies and trade-offs,where areas with the lowest potential biodiversity are related to cultural ecosystem services(e.g.aesthetic values)and areas with the greatest potential biodiversity showed threats related to productive activities(e.g.livestock). | Yamina Micaela Rosas Pablo L.Peri María Vanessa Lencinas Romina Lasagno Guillermo J.Martínez Pastur | 2021 | Ecological Processes2021，10，1： | 1 |
| 2 | Suitable conditions for natural regeneration in variable retention harvesting of southern Patagonian Nothofagus pumilio forests显示文摘Background:Variable retention(aggregated and dispersed retention)harvesting proposed for Nothofagus pumilio was designed for timber purposes and biodiversity conservation.Harvesting by opening canopy generates different microenvironments and creates contrasting conditions for seedling establishment,growth,and eco-physiology performance due to synergies(positives or negatives)with biotic and abiotic factors.This study evaluated the regeneration in different microenvironment conditions within managed stands during 5 years after harvesting.Remnant forest structure after harvesting and different microenvironments were characterized in managed stands,where 105 regeneration plots were measured(3 stands×7 microenvironments×5 replicas).We characterized the seedling bank,as well as growth and ecophysiology performance of the regeneration.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for the comparisons.Results:Microenvironments offered different environmental conditions for natural regeneration(soil moisture and light availability).Seedling under debris and dicot plants showed better eco-physiological performance,establishment,and growth than plants growing under monocots or located in the dispersed retention without the protection of other understory plants.The most unfavorable microenvironment conditions were high canopy cover of remnant trees(inside the aggregates or close to trees in the dispersed retention)and heavily impacted areas(skidder extraction roads).Conclusions:Favorable microenvironments in the harvested areas will improve the natural recruitment,growth,and eco-physiology performance of the natural regeneration after harvesting.It is necessary to develop new silvicultural practices that decrease the unfavorable microenvironments(e.g.,road density or excessive woody accumulation),to assure the success of the proposed silvicultural method. | Mónica D.R.Toro Manríquez Juan M.Cellini María V.Lencinas Pablo L.Peri Karen A.Peña Rojas Guillermo J.Martínez Pastur | 2019 | Ecological Processes2019，8，1： | 0 |
| 3 | Knowledge arising from long-term research of variable retention harvesting in Tierra del Fuego: where do we go from here?显示文摘Nothofagus pumilio forests in Tierra del Fuego are the southernmost forests in the world,where extreme climate conditions represent a challenge to attain sustainable forest management.Retention forestry was proposed as an alternative to increase the species conservation in managed stands.Here,we synthetized results related to the implementation of a variable retention harvesting based on a combination of aggregate patches and dispersed retention during the last 18 years comparing with other silviculture proposals(e.g.,shelterwood cuts)and control treatments(primary unmanaged forests).We summarized the results for(i)sawmill operations,(ii)timber yield,(iii)overstory stability,(iv)forest structure,(v)microclimate and natural cycles,(vi)natural regeneration dynamics(flowering,seeding,foraging,recruitment,growth,and mortality),and(vii)biodiversity(mammals,understory plants,mistletoes,birds,arthropods,mosses,lichens,and fungi).In general,aggregate patches maintained forest structure and micro-environmental variables,and slightly increased biodiversity and forest reproduction variables compared to unmanaged primary forests.On the contrary,dispersed retention decreased forest structure variables and greatly increased biodiversity(richness and abundance)when it was compared to unmanaged primary forests.Ecological conditions are influenced by variable retention harvesting,but direction and magnitude of the effect depend and differ according to retention types.Besides this,biodiversity taxa greatly differed among groups depending on retention types.In general,the species assemblages in aggregate patches were similar to those found in primary unmanaged forests,while they were significantly modified in the dispersed retention.This occurred due to(i)local extinction of some original species,(ii)the introduction of native species from the surrounding environments,or(iii)the invasion of exotic species.This silvicultural method has been a useful tool to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions,approaching to the balance between economy,ecology,and social requirements in the managed areas. | Guillermo J.Martínez Pastur Yamina M.Rosas Mónica Toro Manríquez Alejandro Huertas Herrera Juan A.Miller Juan M.Cellini Marcelo D.Barrera Pablo L.Peri María V.Lencinas | 2019 | Ecological Processes2019，8，1： | 0 |
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