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| 1 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 2 | A new member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor family inhibits T cell receptor-induced apoptosis 显示文摘 | Nocentini G Giunchi L Ronchetti S | 1997 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1997，94，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Antifungal immune reactivity in nasal polyposis显示文摘 | Pitzurra L Bellocchio S Nocentini A | 2004 | Infect Immun2004，72，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Rejoining kinetics of DNA single- and double-strand breaks in normal and DNA ligase-deficient cells after exposure to ultraviolet C and γ-radiation: an evaluation of ligating activities involved in different DNA repair processes显示文摘 | Nocentini S | 1999 | Radiat Res1999，151，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Long-term aerobic cometabolism of a chlorinated solvent mixture by vinyl chloride-, methane- and propane-utilizing biomasses显示文摘 | Frascari D Pinelli D Nocentini M | 2006 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2006，138，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Assessment of a new mathematical model for the computation of numerical parameters related to renal cortical blood flow and fractional blood volume by contrast- enhanced uhrasound显示文摘 | Quaia E Nocentini A Torelli L | 2009 | Ultrasound Med Biol2009，35，： | 1 |
| 7 | A new member of the tumor necrosis factorl nerve growth factor receptor family inhibits T cell receptor-induced apoptosis 显示文摘 | Nocentini G Giunchi L Ronchetti S | 1997 | Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA1997，94，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Patterns of cognitive impairment in secondary progressive stable phase of multiple sclerosis: correlations with MRI findings显示文摘 | Nocentini U Rossini PM Carlesimo GA | 2001 | Eur Neurol2001，45，1： | 1 |
| 9 | A new member of the tumor necrosis factor / nerve growth factor receptor family inhibits T cell receptor induced apoptosis显示文摘 | Nocentini G Giunchi L Ronchetti S | 1997 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1997，94，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Assessment of a new mathematicalmodel for the computation of numerical parameters related to renalcortical blood flow and fractional blood volume by contrast-enhancedultrasound显示文摘 | Quaia E Nocentini A Torelli L | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 11 | GITR: A multifaceted regulator of immunity belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily显示文摘 | Nocentini G Riccardi C | 2005 | Eur J Immunol2005，35，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Oxidative stress and apoptosis in immune diseases显示文摘 | Agostini M Di Marco B Nocentini G | 2002 | Int J Immunopathol2002，15，： | 1 |
| 13 | Glu- cocoriticoid induced TNFR family related gene (GITR) enhances dendritic cell activity 显示文摘 | RONC~tETTI S NocENTINI 'G 'PETRILLO MG | 2011 | Immunol Lett2011，135，12： | 1 |
| 14 | The glucocorticoid- induced TNF receptor family-related protein (GITR) is critical to the development of acute pancreatitis in mice 显示文摘 | LUPPO M NOCENTINI G MAZZON E | 2011 | Br J Pharmacol2011，162，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Video-assisted thoracoscopy in the early diagnosis and management of posttraumatic pneumothorax and hemothorax显示文摘 | Fabbrucci P Nocentini L Secci S | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 16 | Mass transfer in gas-liquid, multiple-impeller stirredvessels: A discussion about experimental techniques for kLa measurement and models comparison显示文摘 | Nocentini M | 1990 | Chemical Engineering Research & Design1990，68，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Proinflammatory role of glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related gene in acute lung inflammation显示文摘 | Cuzzoerea S Nocentini G Di Paola R | 2006 | J Immunol2006，177，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Assessment of a new mathematical model for the computation of numerical parameters related to renal cortical blood flow and fractional blood volume by contrast-enhanced ultrasound显示文摘 | Quaia E Nocentini A Torelli L | 2009 | Ultrasound Med Biol2009，35，4： | 1 |
| 19 | A new member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor family inhibits T cell receptor-induced apoptosis显示文摘 | Nocentini G Giunchi L Ronehetti S | 1997 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1997，94，12： | 1 |
| 20 | GITR: a multifaceted regulator of immunity belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor supeffamily显示文摘 | Nocentini G Riccardi C | 2005 | Eur J Immunol2005，35，4： | 1 |
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