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| 1 | Reconstruction of precipitation variation from tree rings in recent 1000 years in Delingha, Qinghai显示文摘Using seven well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) ring-width chronologies developed at Zongwulong and Shalike Mts. in the northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin annual precipitation from previous July to current June in the recent 1000 years was re- constructed for Delingha. The reconstruction can capture 63.1% of precipitation variance and the equation was stable over time. For the reconstructed precipitation, wet periods occurred in AD1520—1633 and 1933—2001, whereas dry intervals in 1429—1519 and 1634—1741. In ad- dition, the magnitude in precipitation variation was lower before 1430 with about 15 mm, but it increased to 30 mm during the period of 1430 to 1850. After 1850, the precipitation variance de- creased again. In contrast to the increase in temperature, a decrease in annual precipitation was evident since the 1990s. The agreement in low-frequency variation between the reconstruction and the glacier accumulation and particulate content in Dunde ice cores during the recent several hundred years suggested that the precipitation reconstructed in this study was rather reliable, and represented a regional signal. This 1000-year reconstruction could benefit our understanding of climatic variation in decadal to century-scale in this region, and provide basic data to climate models and to prediction of future climate in the 21st century. | SHAO Xuemei1, HUANG Lei1, LIU Hongbin2, LIANG Eryuan1, FANG Xiuqi3 & WANG Lili1 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China 3. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，7： | 113 |
| 2 | 2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报显示文摘 | Leading Group of the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China | 2006 | 中国康复理论与实践2006，12，12： | 152 |
| 3 | 尿激酶治疗急性心肌梗塞多中心临床试验1406例总结显示文摘为观察尿激酶天普洛欣(UKTP)经静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞(AMI)的临床有效性及安全性。收集协作组148家医院1994年11月至1996年4月经静脉UKTP溶栓治疗AMI患者1406例,观察临床疗效、副作用及病死率等。其中124例行90分钟冠状动脉造影评价梗塞血管开通情况。结果:梗塞血管临床再灌注率为73.5%,90分钟冠状动脉造影血管开通率为72.6%,5周总病死率为7.8%(109/1406),轻度出血10.2%(143/1406),中重度出血0.43%(6/1406),脑出血0.50%(7/1406)。老年(>65岁)甚至高龄(>75岁)患者溶栓及距发病超过6小时者,其用药仍然安全有效,UKTP合适的用药剂量可能为150万U左右。结果提示UKTP治疗AMI安全有效。 | The collaborative study group for national multicenter clinical trial of urokinase thrombolytic therapy (Correspondence: Hu Dayi, Xu Zhimin. Beijing Red Cross Chao Yao Hospital, Beijing 100020) | 1997 | 中华心血管病杂志1997，25，3： | 139 |
| 4 | 急性病毒性心肌炎的药物治疗观察显示文摘目的 全国十二家大型医院协作观察中西医结合治疗急性病毒性心肌炎疗效。方法 对 10 2 8例临床诊断为急性病毒性心肌炎患者随机各分两组 ,治疗组 60 2例 ,用中西医结合 (黄芪、牛磺酸、泛葵利酮、抗心律失常药等)治疗 ;对照组 4 2 6例 ,用常规 (极化液、抗心律失常药等 )治疗。结果 中西医结合治疗组临床症状改善、外周血肠道病毒阴转、心电图ST T改变及房室传导阻滞、阵发性心房颤动、窦房传导阻滞等恢复均优于对照组(P <0 .0 1、0 .0 5 ) ;对早搏及心功能改善两组间无统计学差异(P <0 .0 5 )。结论 在目前对急性病毒性心肌炎无特效药物治疗的情况下 ,采用中西医结合治疗可作为一种治疗手段。 | Collaborative Group of “Key National Medical Projects for the Ninth Five Year Plan Research” (Correspondence: YANG Yingzhen, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital,Shanghai Medical University,Shanghai 200032) | 1999 | 中华心血管病杂志1999，27，6： | 94 |
| 5 | 2015年全国细菌耐药监测报告显示文摘为贯彻落实《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》,加强医疗机构抗菌药物临床应用的监督和管理,国家卫生计生委合理用药专家委员会和全国细菌耐药监测网日前发布了《2015年全国细菌耐药监测报告》,现予全文刊登,以促进合理用药,提高抗菌药物临床应用水平。 | Committee of Experts on Rational Drug Use, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the P.R.China | 2016 | 中国执业药师2016，0，3： | 206 |
| 6 | 中国病毒性肝炎防治规划(2017-2020年)显示文摘为做好全国病毒性肝炎防治工作,遏制病毒性肝炎流行,保障人民群众身体健康,推动实现全面建成小康社会的奋斗目标,贯彻全国卫生与健康大会精神和《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》部署,落实习近平总书记关于"对艾滋病、结核病、乙肝、血吸虫等传统流行重大疾病,要坚持因病施策、各个击破,巩固当前防控成果,不断降低疫情流行水平"的指示精神,结合《"十三五"卫生与健康规划》和《"十三五"深化医药卫生体制改革规划》要求,制定本规划。 | National Health and Family Planning Commission | 2018 | 中国病毒病杂志2018，8，1： | 92 |
| 7 | 手足口病诊疗指南(2018年版)显示文摘手足口病(hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是由肠道病毒(enterovirus,EV)感染引起的一种儿童常见传染病,5岁以下儿童多发。手足口病是全球性疾病,我国各地全年均有发生,发病率为37.01/10万-205.06/10万,近年报告病死率在6.46/10万-51.00/10万之间。为进一步规范和加强手足口病的临床管理。 | National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China | 2018 | 中国病毒病杂志2018，8，5： | 162 |
| 8 | A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus(Isolate BJ01)显示文摘The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs. We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (BJ01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 2 ORFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS- associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to beinvolved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host. Two amino acid changes have been detected in the Mprotein, which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides noevidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of otherpossible SARS-related pathogen(s). | QIN E'de ZHU Qingyu YU Man FAN Baochang CHANG Guohui SI Bingyin YANG Bao PENG Wenming JIANG Tao LIU Bohua DENG Yongqiang LIU Hong ZHANG Yu WANG Cui LI Yuquan GAN Yonghua LI Xiaoyu L Fushuang TAN Gang CAO Wuchun, YANG Ruifu Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China WANG Jian, LI Wei, XU Zuyuan, LI Yan, WU Qingfa, LIN Wei, CHEN Weijun, TANG Lin, DENG Yajun, HAN Yujun, LI Changfeng, LEI Meng, LI Guoqing, LI Wenjie, L Hong, SHI Jianping, TONG Zongzhong, ZHANG Feng, LI Songgang, LIU Bin, LIU Siqi, DONG Wei, WANG Jun, Gane K-S Wong, YU Jun & YANG Huanming* Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300 National Center for Genome Information, Beijing 101300, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，10： | 121 |
| 9 | Construction of a genetic linkage map for cotton based on SRAP显示文摘A genetic linkage map of cotton was constructed with a newly developed molecular marker-SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) using a population consisting of 129 F2 individuals derived from the interspecific cross of Handan208 Pima90. A total of 136 primer pairs were used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents and 76 primer pairs with better polymorphisms were picked out to analyze the F2 population. 285 polymorphic bands were generated in total with an average of 3.75 polymorphic bands per pair of primers. The primer pair showing most polymorphic bands was the combination of me3 and em2, which produced 13 polymorphic bands. The 285 loci were used to construct linkage map with MAPMAKER/EXP3.0 and 237 loci were mapped at a LOD≥3.0 on 39 linkage groups. The total length of the map is 3030.7 cM, covering 65.4% of the whole cotton genome, and the average distance between adjacent markers is 12.79 cM. All the markers are distributed evenly among the linkage groups without clustering of loci. This is the first linkage map of cotton comprised of SRAP markers. | LIN Zhongxu, ZHANG Xianlong, NIE Yichun, HE Daohua & WU Maoqing National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，19： | 111 |
| 10 | Shock solution for quasilinear singularly perturbed Robin problem显示文摘The shock solution for the quasilinear singularly perturbed Robin problem is considered. Under suitable conditions and using the theory of differential inequalities the existence and asymptotic behavior of the shock solution for the original boundary value problems are studied. | MO Jiaqi and WANG Hui(1. Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China 2. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China) | 2002 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2002，12，12： | 70 |
| 11 | 义务教育均衡发展是实现教育公平的基石显示文摘我国义务教育均衡发展取得了很大成就,但依然面临着诸多问题和挑战。基于问题及其原因分析,相应的政策建议是明确政府是义务教育均衡发展的全部责任方,把地方促发展和中央给补偿有机结合起来;建立以'有质量的公平增长'为导向的义务教育资源配置机制;建立国家义务教育质量标准,发挥义务教育质量监测对教育公平发展的作用,并实行相应的问责制度;建立全国通用的义务教育卡,取消义务教育学校借读费,完善异地接受义务教育的保障机制;资助承担义务教育责任的民办学校。 | Center for Educational Policy Analysis of China National Institute for Educational Research | 2007 | 教育研究2007，28，2： | 75 |
| 12 | 登革热诊疗指南(2014年第2版)显示文摘登革热是由登革病毒引起的急性传染病,主要通过埃及伊蚊或白纹伊蚊叮咬传播。一、病原学登革病毒属黄病毒科黄病毒属。登革病毒颗粒呈球形,直径45~55nm。登革病毒共有4个血清型(DENV-1、DENV-2 DENV-3和DENV-4),4种血清型均可感染人,其中2型重症率及病死率均高于其他型。登革病毒对热敏感,56℃30分钟可灭活,但在4℃条件下其感染性可保持数周之久。 | National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Rupublic of China | 2014 | 传染病信息2014，27，5： | 77 |
| 13 | 青春期多囊卵巢综合征诊治共识显示文摘对于青春期女性的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS),目前国内外尚无公认的统一诊断标准,且治疗方案的选择也不尽相同。为使国内各级妇产科医师更好地诊治和管理青春期PCOS患者,更新知识,并与国际接轨,国内该领域的专家在参考国外相关共识及指南后,结合我国的具体情况,编写了'青春期多囊卵巢综合征诊治共识',以改变临床医生对PCOS的传统认识,达到规范诊断和治疗青春期PCOS患者的目的。 | Reproductive Endocrinology Group,Chinese Maternal & Child Health Industry Association,National Association of Health Industry & Enterprise Management | 2016 | 生殖医学杂志2016，25，9： | 62 |
| 14 | Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone in northeastern South China Sea inferred from geophysical interpretations显示文摘A segment of Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone was inferred across the northeastern South China Sea at approximately NE45° orientation. Basic evidence includes the following: A belt of peek gross horizontal Bouguer gravity gradient (PGHGBA) is comparable in size and intensity to that of the Manila subduction-accretion zone. A belt of high positive magnetic anomalies appears to the north and sub-parallel to the PGHGBA, representing the volcanic arc associated to the subduction zone. The PGHGBA crosses obliquely both Cenozoic structures and present seafloor topography, indicating a pre-Cenozoic age. The segment is offset left-laterally by NW-running strike-slip faults, in concord with the Mesozoic stress field of South China. In addition, the existence of the subduction zone is supported by wide-angle seismic data obtained in different years by different institutions. At approximate localities, a north-dipping ramp of Moho surface is indicated by records of ocean-bottom seismometers, and a strong reflector about 8 km beneath the Moho reflector is indicated by both OBS and long-cable seismic records. The identification of a segment of Mesozoic subduction zone in NE South China Sea fills nicely the gap of the Great Late Mesozoic Circum SE Asia Subduction-acrretion Zone, which extended from Sumatra, Java, SE Kalimantan to N Palawan, and from Taiwan, Ryukyu to SW Japan. | ZHOU Di1, WANG Wanyin2, WANG Jialin3, PANG Xiong4, CAI Dongsheng5 & SUN Zhen1 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guang- zhou 510301, China 2. College of Geological and Topographical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China 3. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 4. China National Offshore Oil Co. Limited – Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen 518067, China 5. China National Offshore Oil Co. Limited – Research Center, Beijing 100027, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，5： | 52 |
| 15 | 极低出生体质量早产儿院内营养现状多中心调查显示文摘目的了解不同地区出生体质量<1 500 g早产儿院内营养状况以及出生后生长发育迟缓(EUGR)的相关影响因素。方法采用回顾性调查方法,收集2012年1月1日至2012年12月31日在全国15所医院新生儿科住院时间>2周、出生体质量<1 500 g的早产儿临床资料,包括住院期间的喂养方式、营养状况、并发症及诊断和治疗,并对早产儿住院期间的肠内外营养、体质量增长情况进行描述性分析,并分析EUGR的相关因素。结果入选572例早产儿,出生胎龄(30.6±2.0)周,出生体质量(1 255.7±164.8)g;开始肠道喂养的时间为(68.2±85.4)h,口服能量达到100 kcal/(kg·d)(1cal=418.68J)的日龄为(29.9±14.1)d;住院期间在恢复至出生体质量后其体质量增长速度为(11.8±5.5)g/(kg·d)。住院时间(42.2±20.8)d,出院时校正胎龄(36.6±2.7)周。出生时,出生体质量小于第十百分位(P1 0)者占5 2.6%、 | The National Cooperation Group on Nutrition,The Chinese Neonatologist Association, China | 2015 | 临床儿科杂志2015，33，1： | 51 |
| 16 | Control of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations by 2050: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries显示文摘This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. That a system rooted in 'cumulative emissions per capita,' the best conception of the 'common but differentiated responsibilities' principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2005, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2006―2050), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2050, actual emissions from 1900 to 2005, emissions levels in 2005, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2005―all countries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2005 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2005 had already expended their 2050 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (20 dollars per ton of CO2). Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2006 to 2050 would still be much higher than those of developing countries; under such circumstance, these future emissions would create more than 6.3 trillion US dollars in emissions deficits. Because of their low cumulative emissions per capita, most developing countries fall within one of the latter two groups, which means that they have leeway for making emissions decisions in the future. Although China accounts for more than 30% of the total global emissions allowance from 2006 to 2050, its total emissions can be controlled within that allow-ance by no other way than reducing its future emissions growth rates. In the end, nine key issues related to international climate negotiations were briefly addressed. | DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2, GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China 3 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，10： | 50 |
| 17 | Dynamic changes of typeⅠ,Ⅲand N collagen synthesis and distribution of collagen-producing cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis显示文摘AIM To find out the relationship between the gene transcription of different types ofprocollagen and the deposition of the relevant collagens in the liver tissue and to confirm the types of collagen producing cells in liverfibrogenesis.METHODS Dynamic changes of the expression of α1(Ⅰ ), α1 (Ⅲ ) and α1 (Ⅳ) procollagen mRNAand relevant collagens and the distribution ofcollagen producing cells during liver fibrogenesis of rat induced by CCl4 (20 weeks)were investigated with Northern blot analysis,in situ hybridization and immunohistochemicaltechniques.RESULTS The increased expression of α1 (Ⅲ)procollagen mRNA by Northern blot analysis was the most predominant one among the threemRNAs during fibrogenesis. However, theenhanced expression of al (Ⅳ) procollagenmRNA occurred very early while the expressionof α1 (Ⅰ) mRNA was not enhanced much until themiddle stage of the exPeriment. D6smin (Dm)positive hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and fewmyofibroblasts (MFs) in and around the necrotic areas expressed α1 (Ⅰ), α1 (Ⅲ) and α1 (Ⅳ)procollagen mRNA signals detected by in situhybridization at the early stage of theexperiment. All the three procollagen mRNAsignals thereafter mainly localized in fibroblasts (Fbs) and MFs in fibrotic septa during the middle and late stages of fibrosis, which distributedparallel to the corresponding collagens detected by immunohistochemical study. ln addition, the endothelial cells of sinusoids and the small blood vessels within the septa also showed α1(Ⅳ) procollagen mRNA and type Ⅳ collagen expressionCONCLUSION It is considered that 'HSC-MF-Fb' effect cell system is the major cellularsource of collagen production in liver fibrosis, in which HSCs are collagen producing precursor cells in the early liver fibrogenesis, thereafter the synthesis of type Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens (Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅲ and Col Ⅳ) mainly derives fromMFs and Fbs, which play a very important role in the progress of liver fibrosis. The endothelialcells along sinusoids, as another source of Col Ⅳ production, might participate in the capillization of liver sinusoids. | DU Wei-Dong ZHANG Yue-E ZHAl Wei-Rong and ZHOU Xiao-Mei(Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai200032, China)(National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, ShanghaiCencer Institute)See invited commentary on page 388 | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，5： | 47 |
| 18 | 急性心肌梗死尿激酶溶栓治疗开始时间对疗效的影响显示文摘目的:为探讨治疗在急性心肌梗死(AMI)发病后各不同时间开始用尿激酶(静脉法)对疗效的影响。方法:37所协作医院收治的AMI患者1138例按统一的治疗方案应用尿激酶,血管再通采用统一的临床间接指标标准判定。比较发病后不同时间开始用药患者的血管再通率和4周病死率。结果:发病后2小时内、2~4小时内、4~6小时内和6~12小时开始用尿激酶的患者分别为128例、461例、434例和115例。其血管再通率分别为71.9%、70.1%、63.6%和40.0%;4周病死率分别为7.0%、6.5%、12.2%和13.9%。发病后2小时内和2~4小时内组血管再通率与4周病死率均无统计学差异,故合并为4小时内组,与4~6小时内组和6~12小时组比较,血管再通率(70.5%)都显著高于后两组,P均<0.001;4周病死率(6.6%)都明显低于后两组,P均<0.01。4~6小时内组与6~12小时组比较:血管再通率前者显著高于后者,P<0.001;4周病死率无显著性差异。 | Collaborative Research Group of National“Eighth Five year”Project(85 915 02 01) (Fu Wai Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100037) | 1996 | 中国循环杂志1996，11，7： | 47 |
| 19 | 酒精性肝病诊疗指南显示文摘酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)是长期大量饮酒所致的一种肝脏疾病,初期常表现为脂肪肝,可进展为酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化和酒精性肝硬化,严重酗酒者可诱发广泛肝细胞坏死甚或肝功能衰竭.本病在我国常见,严重危害人民健康.为进一步规范ALD的诊疗流程.中华医学会肝病学分会脂肪肝和酒精性肝病学组组织国内相关专家,在参考国内外最新研究成果和相关诊疗共识的基础上,对2006年制订的〈酒精性肝病诊疗指南〉进行了修改和补充. | The Chinese National Workshop on Fatty Liver and Alcoholic Liver Disease for the Chinese Liver Disease Association. | 2010 | 胃肠病学2010，15，10： | 42 |
| 20 | Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer2018(English version)显示文摘Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and is a major threat to women's health. Currently, with comprehensive treatment modalities, the outcomes of breast cancer are among the best of solid tumors. A set of Chinese guidelines and recommendations are developed to standardize the clinical practice, to ensure the quality and safety of medical service, and to ultimately improve the survival of breast cancer patients. | National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2019，31，2： | 50 |
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