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| 1 | African origins and chronic kidney disease susceptibility in the human immunodeficiency virus era显示文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide with the estimated incidence growing by approximately 6% annually. There are striking ethnic differences in the prevalence of CKD such that, in the United States, African Americans have the highest prevalence of CKD, four times the incidence of end stage renal disease when compared to Americans of European ancestry suggestive of genetic predisposition. Diabetes mel itus, hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection are the major causes of CKD. HIV-associated nephropathy(HIVAN) is an irreversible form of CKD with considerable morbidity and mortality and is present predominantly in people of African ancestry. The APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles were more strongly associated with the risk for CKD than the previously examined MYH9 E1 risk haplotype in individuals of African ancestry. A strong association was reported in HIVAN, suggesting that 50% of African Americans with two APOL1 risk alleles, if untreated, would develop HIVAN. However these two variants are not enough to cause disease. The prevailing belief is that modifying factors or second hits(including genetic hits) underlie the pathogenesis of kidney disease. This work reviews the history of genetic susceptibility of CKD and outlines current theories regarding the role for APOL1 in CKD in the HIV era. | Alex N Kasembeli Raquel Duarte Michèle Ramsay Saraladevi Naicker | 2015 | World Journal of Nephrology2015，4，2： | 3 |
| 2 | Acid mine drainage arising from gold mining activity in Johannesburg,South Africa and environs显示文摘 | Naicker N Cukrowska E Mccarthy T S | 2003 | Environmental Pollution2003，122，： | 1 |
| 3 | Acid mine drainage arising from gold mining activity in Johannesburg,South Africa and environs显示文摘 | Naicker N Cukrowska E Mccarthy T S | 2003 | Environmental Pollution2003，122，： | 1 |
| 4 | Heavy metal contamination in a school vegetable garden in Johannesbrug 显示文摘 | Kootbodien T Mathee A Naicker N | 2012 | S Afr Med J2012，102，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Heavy metal contamination in a school vegetable garden in Johannesbrug显示文摘 | Kootbodien T Mathee A Naicker N | 2012 | S Aft Med J2012，102，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Retrospective investigation of a lead poisoning outbreak from the consumption of an ayurvedic medicine:Durban,South Africa显示文摘 | MATHEE A NAICKER N TEARE J | 2015 | Int J Environ Res Public Health2015，12，7： | 1 |
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