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1Cholangiocarcinoma, gone without the Wnt?显示文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) is a relatively rare malignancy of the intra- or extra-hepatic bile ducts that is classified according to its anatomical localization as intrahepatic, perihilar or distal. Overall, CCA has a dismal prognosis due to typical presentation at an advanced irresectable stage, lack of effective non-surgical treatments, and a high rate of disease recurrence. CCA frequently arises on a background of chronic liver inflammation and cholestasis. Chronic inflammation is accompanied by enhanced cell turnover with generation of additional inflammatory stimuli, and a microenvironment rich in pro-inflammatory mediators and proliferative factors that enable accumulation of mutations, transformation and expansion of mutated cells. A recent study by Boulter et al implicates the Wnt signaling cascade in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Wnt ligands Wnt7 B and Wnt10 A were found to be highly overexpressed in human CCA tissue. Wnt7 B protein was present throughout the tumor stroma, and often co-localized with a subset of CD68+ macrophages. To address in a direct manner whether Wnt signaling is engaged in development of CCA, Boulter et al explored the Wnt signaling pathway in an experimental model that recapitulates the multi-stage progression of human CCA.Wnt ligands found to be elevated in human CCA were also upregulated during the course of CCA development following thioacetamide treatment. Wnt10 a increased during the(pre-cancerous) regenerative phase, while Wnt7 b induction paralleled tumor growth. Along with upregulation of target genes, the findings demonstrate that the canonical Wnt pathway is progressively activated during cholangio-carcinogenesis. Macrophage depletion,eliminating a major source of Wnt7 b, prevented activation of the canonical Wnt cascade, and resulted in reduced number and volume of tumors in this model. Moreover,specific inhibitors of the canonical Wnt pathway(ICG-001 and C-59) caused reduction of tumor area and number,in xenograft and thioacetamide models of CCA. The aggregated findings show that experimental, and presumably human CCA, is a Wnt-driven tumor. Modulation of Wnt signaling, alone or in combination with surgicalor chemotherapy approaches, holds promise in the management of this fatal malignancy.Anne T R Noll Thorsten Cramer Steven W M Olde Damink Frank G Schaap 2016World Journal of Hepatology2016,8,26:3
2Implementation of scalable power and area efficient high-throughput Viterbi decoders显示文摘Gemmeke T Gansen M Noll T G 2002IEEE J Sol Sta Circ2002,37,7:1
3Fast joint reconstruc- tion of dynamic Rff and field maps in functional MRI 显示文摘Olafsson V T Noll D C Fessler J A 2008IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging2008,27,9:1
4Possibilities of stem cell expansion exemplified by hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood 显示文摘Noll T 2003Med Klin (Munich)2003,98,:1
5Degradation of phenanthrene and hydraulic characteristics in a constructed wetland 显示文摘Machate T Noll H 1997Water Research1997,31,3:1
6Cellular localization of the endothelin receptor subtypes ET (A) and ET ( B ) in the rat heart and their differential expression in coronary arteries, veins, and capillaries显示文摘Wendel-Wellner M Noll T Konig P 2002Histochem Cell Biol2002,118,5:1
7Disintegration of cytoskeletal structure of actin filaments in energy-depleted endothelial cellas 显示文摘 Besselmann M Noll T 1993Am J Physiol1993,263,2:1
8A comparison of three highway line source dispersion models 显示文摘Noll K E Miller T L Claggett M 1978Atmospheric Environment1978,12,:1
9Hybrid genetic algorithms:a review显示文摘EL-MIHOUB T A HOPGOOD A A NOLLE L 0,,02:1
10Hybrid genetic algorithms: A review 显示文摘EL-MIHOUB T A HOPGOOD A A NOLLE L 2006Engineering Letters2006,13,2:1
11The endothelium in coronary artery disease 显示文摘Ruschitzka F T Noll G Luscher T F 1997Cardiology1997,,:1
12Evaluation and modelling of chemical segregation effects for thixoforming processing显示文摘NOLL T FRIEDRICH B HUFSCHMIDT M 2003Adv Eng Mater2003,5,3:1
13Endothelin 1 type a receptor antagonism prevents vascular dysfunction and hypertension induced by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition: role of nitric oxide显示文摘RUSCHITZKA F QUASCHNING T NOLL G 2001Circulation2001,103,25:1
14Mitochondtial function in oxygen depleted and reoxygenated myocardial cell显示文摘Piper HM Noll T Siegmund B 1994Cardiovasc Res1994,28,1:1
15Strategies for 'wiring' redox-active proteins to electrodes and applications in biosensors, biofuel cells, and nanotechnology显示文摘Noll T Noll G 2011Chemical Society Reviews2011,4,7:1
16Increased myoeardial uptake of dietary fatty acids linked to cardiac dysfunction in glucoseintolerant hum ans 显示文摘Labbe SM Grenier-Larouehe T Noll C 2012Diabetes2012,61,11:1
17Disintegration of cy toskeletal structure of actin filaments in energy-depleted en dothelial cells显示文摘Kuhne W Besselmann M Noll T 1993Am J Physiol1993,264,52:1
18Corporate Governance inChina-Is Economic Growth Potential Hindered byGuanxi? 显示文摘UC Braendle T Grasser J Noll 2005Business & Society Review2005,,4:1
19C-Class CpG ODN : sequence requirements and characterization of immunostimulatory activities on mRNA level显示文摘Jurk M Schulte B Kritzler A Noll B Uhlmann E Wader T 2004Immunology2004,209,12:1
20That swimsuit becomes you:Sex differences in self-objectification,restrained eating,and math performance显示文摘FREDRICKSON B L ROBERTS T A NOLL S M QUINN D M TWENGE J M 1998Journal of Personality and Social Psychology1998,,75:1
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