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| 1 | 2019新型冠状病毒基因组特征和流行病学:病毒起源和受体结合的意义显示文摘研究者对来自9例新型冠状病毒肺炎住院患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液样本和培养的分离株进行了下一代测序。从这些个体中获得了严重急性呼吸综合征-冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)的完整和部分基因组序列。利用Sanger测序连接病毒重叠群以获得全长基因组,cDNA末端快速扩增确定终端区。对这些SARSCoV-2基因组和其他冠状病毒基因组进行了系统进化分析,以确定该病毒的进化史并有助于推断其可能的起源。 | 刘青(译) 刘莉(审校) Lu R Zhao X Li J Niu P Yang B Wu H Wang W Song H Huang B Zhu N Bi Y Ma X Zhan F Wang L Hu T Zhou H Hu Z Zhou W Zhao L Chen J Meng Y Wang J Lin Y Yuan J Xie Z Ma J Liu WJ Wang D Xu W Holmes EC Gao GF Wu G Chen W Shi W Tan W | 2020 | 中华高血压杂志2020，28，3： | 516 |
| 2 | 金厂沟梁-二道沟金矿田内花岗岩类侵入体锆石的离子探针U-Pb年代学及意义显示文摘金厂沟梁-二道沟金矿田内花岗岩类侵入体SHRIMP锆石U-Ph定年结果表明,该区中生代以来到少经历了三次中酸性岩浆侵入作用,它们分别以西台子二长花岗岩、娄上含辉石石英闪长岩和西对面沟花岗闪长岩及闪长玢岩脉在218±4Ma(印支期)、161±1Ma(燕山早期)和126±1Ma(燕山晚期)的侵位为标志。花岗岩类的地球化学资料表明,这些花岗岩类侵入体形成与造山作用有关,为造山后或陆内拉张作用的产物。二道沟矿区成矿前或成矿期闪长玢岩脉的年龄126±1Ma限定了该区金矿化的最大年龄;结合前人有关年代学资料,认为本区金矿化应发生在126~118Ma。这说明金厂沟梁-二道沟金矿田的金矿床与我国胶东、小秦岭和辽东等地区的金矿床是同时形成的,再次证明燕山晚期是中国最重要而广泛的金成矿期。此外,在这些主要的金矿区内,金矿化时间上均具有与各自区内最晚一次花岗质岩浆作用同时或稍晚的特征,这可能指示金矿床是造山作用或区域构造-岩浆演化最晚期的产物。 | 苗来成 范蔚茗 翟明国 Qiu Y M McNaughton N J Groves D I | 2003 | 岩石学报2003，19，1： | 70 |
| 3 | Sarcopenia in heart failure: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies显示文摘长期的心失败(CHF ) 是一个高度流行的条件在之中老并且与可观的病态, institutionalization 和死亡被联系。在它的先进阶段, CHF 被肌肉质量和力量的损失经常伴随。Sarcopenia 是活跃地与大量不利健康结果由于它的协会在最近的年里被学习了的衰老老人症候群。这评论的目标是讨论在 CHF 和 sarcopenia 之间的关系,与分享的 pathophysiological 小径和处理的一个焦点。营养不良,全身的发炎,内分泌的不平衡,和氧化应力看起来连接 sarcopenia 和 CHF。在肌肉发达的水平, ubiquitin proteasome 系统,发信号的 myostatin,和 apoptosis 的改变在 sarcopenia 和 CHF 被描述了并且能在肌肉质量和功能的损失起一个作用。阻碍肌肉在 CHF 病人浪费的前进的可能的治疗学的策略包括变换血管收缩素的酶禁止者和 β 的蛋白质和维生素 D 补充,结构化的物理锻练,和管理; -blockers。有生长荷尔蒙,睾丸激素,和 ghrelin 的神经质的补充也作为潜在的治疗被讨论。 | Agnese Collamati Emanuele Marzetti Riccardo Calvani Matteo Tosato Emanuela D'Angelo Alex N Sisto Francesco Landi | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，7： | 25 |
| 4 | 实践中的Krashen输入假说和Swain输出假说:设计“i+1”教学技巧显示文摘Stephen Krashen 的语言学习理论引起激烈的争论和学术讨论,但通过对进行实践的教师的思想态度的影响,它无疑把语言学理论和实际语言教学连接了起来。本文着重阐述 Krashen 一部分语言习得概念——输入假说的实践意义。它就是 Krashen所认为的“这个理论的最重要的部分”,因为它试图解答语言学习究竟是如何产生的以及用何种方式(课堂内与课堂外) | Zoltán Dǒrnyei 宋孔尧 | 1994 | 外语教学理论与实践1994，，1： | 24 |
| 5 | Diagnosis of Crohn's disease in India where tuberculosis is widely prevalent显示文摘AIM:To define the parameters that positively predict diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and differentiate it from gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB). METHODS:This prospective study over 3 years was carried out in the consecutive Indian patients with definite diagnosis of CD and equal numbers of patients with definite diagnosis of GITB. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, morphological and histological features were noted in all the patients. Serological tests such as p-ANCA, c-ANCA, IgA ASCA and IgG ASCA, were performed. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical tissue specimens were subjected to smear and culture for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and tissue polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis (TB PCR). Diagnosis of CD and GITB was based on the standard criteria. Data were analyzed using univariate Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression (MLR). RESULTS:The study is comprised of 26 patients with CD (age 36.6 ± 8.6 year, male:female, 16:10) and 26 patients with GITB (age 37.2 ± 9.6 year, male:female, 15:11). The following clinical variables between the two groups (CD vs TB) were significant in univariate analysis:duration of symptoms (58.1 ± 9.8 vs 7.2 ± 3.4 mo), diarrhoea (69.2% vs 34.6%), bleeding per rectum (30.7% vs 3.8%), fever (23.1% vs 69.2%), ascites (7.7% vs 34.6%) and extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (61.5% vs 23.1%). Of these, all except ascites and extra-colonic manifestations were found statistically significant by MLR. Accuracy of predicting CD was 84.62% based on the fever, bleeding P/R, diarrhoea and duration of symptoms while it was 63.4% when histology was reported as inflammatory bowel disease and 42.3% when there was recurrence of disease after surgery. Accuracy of predicting GITB was 73.1% when there was co-existing pulmonary lesions and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy;75% when tuberculosis was reported in histology;63.4% when granuloma was found in histology;82.6% when TB PCR was positive;and 61.5% when smear and/ or culture was positive for AFB. Serological test was not useful in differentiation of CD from GITB. Positivity rates for CD and GITB were:p-ANCA-3.8% and 3.8%, c-ANCA-3.8% and 0%, IgA ASCA-38.4% and 23.1%, and IgG ASCA-38.4% and 42.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION:Simple clinical parameters like fever, bleeding P/R, diarrhoea and duration of symptoms have the highest accuracy in differentiating CD from GITB. | Deepak N Amarapurkar Nikhil D Patel Priyamvada S Rane | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，5： | 24 |
| 6 | Perivascular nitric oxide activates notch signaling and promotes stem-like character in PDGF-induced glioma cells显示文摘 | Charles N Ozawa T Squatrito M Bleau AM Brennan CW Hambardzumyan D Holland EC. | 2010 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2010，8，1： | 24 |
| 7 | OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GeO_2 AND Ge NANOCRYSTALS显示文摘he co m pound m aterial of n m size particles Ge O2 Si O2 w as synthesied through hydrolysis of Si( O C2 H4) and Ge Cl4 . A heat treatm ent w as carried out for the sa m ples at 100 ~1200 ℃in air . Its optical property w as deter mined by U V Vis spectur m . We have found that theabsorption edge of spectru m shifted progressively to longer w avelengths . The quantu m size ef fect of nanocrystals appears because crystals gro w and energy of optical band gap reduces d ueto the influence of te m perature . By the analysis of X ray diffraction w e have observed theprocess in w hich the structure of particles changed fro m disorder into order . | Y.H.Zhou 1) ,Y.Y.Feng 2) and H.Y.Lu 2) 1)Department of Physics Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097,China 2)Physics and Ch寁O P T I C A L P R O P E R T I E S O F Ge O2 A N D Ge N A N O C R Y S T A L S Y. H. Zhou1) , Y. Y. Feng2) | 1999 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999，12，5： | 22 |
| 8 | Depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Jos,Nigeria显示文摘AIM: To study the brain-gut interaction and the effect of behavioral or psychiatric conditions on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in an African population. METHODS: IBS was diagnosed using the Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria. The entry of each patient was confirmed following detailed explanations of the questions. Four hundred and eighteen patients were studied. Subjects satisfying the Rome Ⅱ criteria for IBS were physically examined and stool microscopy was done to identify the presence of “alarm factors”. Depression was diagnosed using the symptom-check list adapted from the Research Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-Ⅳ) of the American Psychiatric Association. RESULTS: Seventy-five (56.8%) of the 132 IBS patients were depressed whereas only 54 (20.1%) of the 268 non-IBS patients were depressed. There was a significant relationship between IBS and depression (χ2 = 54.29, Odds ratio = 5.21, 56.8 ± 8.4 vs 20.1 ± 5.2, P = 0.001). Even though constipation predominant IBS patients were more likely to be depressed, no significant relationship was found between the subtype of IBS and depression (χ2 = 0.02, OR = 0.95, P = 0.68). CONCLUSION: IBS is significantly associated with major depression but not gender and bowel subtypes of the patients. Patients with IBS need to be evaluated for depression due to the highly significant relationship between the two conditions. | Nimzing G Ladep Taiwo J Obindo Moses D Audu Edith N Okeke Abraham O Malu | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，48： | 22 |
| 9 | Experimental obstructive jaundice alters claudin-4 expression in intestinal mucosa: Effect of bombesin and neurotensin显示文摘瞄准:调查试验性的妨碍的黄疸和外长的 bombesin 和 neurotensin (NT )(BBS ) 的影响紧密的连接(TJ ) 的表示上的管理在老鼠的肠上皮的蛋白质 claudin-4。方法:四十只男 Wistar 老鼠随机被划分成五个组:我 = 控制, II = 假冒操作, III = 胆汁管结扎(BDL ) , IV = BDL+BBS (30 microg/kg 每 d ) , V = BDL+NT (300 microg/kg 每 d ) 。在 d 的实验的结束 10,内毒素在门和大动脉的血被测量。终端回肠的织物节组织学地被检验并且免疫组织化学地为在肠上皮的 claudin-4 表示的评估。结果:妨碍的黄疸导致了重要的门和大动脉的 endotoxemia 表明的肠的障碍失败。Claudin-4 表示显著地被增加在上面在 jaundiced 老鼠的第三根绒毛并且一起来它的侧面的分发的规定被注意。BBS 或 NT 的管理恢复了 claudin-4 表示到控制状态并且显著地减少了门和大动脉的 endotoxemia。结论:在肠上皮的试验性的妨碍的黄疸增加 claudin-4 表示,它可以是贡献粘膜障碍的混乱的一个关键因素。毁坏规章的肽 BBS, NT 能阻止这扇改变和还原剂门和全身的 endotoxemia。 | Stelios F Assimakopoulos Constantine E Vagianos Aristides S Charonis Ilias H Alexandris Iris Spiliopoulou Konstantinos C Thomopoulos Vassiliki N Nikolopoulou Chrisoula D Scopa | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，21： | 21 |
| 10 | 世界卫生组织(WHO)造血与淋巴组织肿瘤分类方案:临床顾问委员会会议报告显示文摘引言 :从 1995年开始 ,欧洲病理学工作者协会和血液病理学会一直致力于制定一个新的世界卫生组织 (WHO)血液恶性肿瘤分类方案 ,该分类方案包括淋巴系肿瘤、髓系肿瘤、组织细胞肿瘤和肥大细胞肿瘤。 材料与方法 :此项 WHO计划共组成十个病理学工作者委员会 ,负责确定病种和作出定义。另外还成立一个由国际血液学家和肿瘤学家组成的临床顾问委员会 (CAC)以保证该分类的临床实用性。 1997年 11月召开会议讨论了与该分类有关的临床问题。 结果 :WHO采纳了 1994年国际淋巴瘤研究组 (IL SG)报告的修订欧美淋巴系肿瘤分类 (REAL)方案作为淋巴系肿瘤的分类方案。该方案的分类方法遵循以下原则 :分类应是联合应用形态学、免疫表型、遗传特征及临床特征能够清楚界定的“真实存在”(“real”)病种的名录 ,上述各项特征的相对重要性因病种不同而异 ,不存在任何“金标准”。 WHO将 REAL分类原则延用于髓系肿瘤和组织细胞肿瘤 ,髓系肿瘤的分类包括联合应用细胞形态学和细胞遗传学异常能够界定的各个病种。围绕一系列临床问题召集的这次 CAC会议 ,就提交的大多数问题达成共识 ,这些问题及共识将详述于下。对于另外一些问题 ,CAC认为淋巴系肿瘤临床分组既无必要也不必需 ,患者的治疗取决于淋巴瘤的具体类型 ,如有? | N L Harris E S Jaffe J Diebold G Flandrin H K Muller-Hermelink J Vardiman T A Lister C D Bloomfield 张凤奎 郝玉书 | 2001 | 白血病.淋巴瘤2001，10，3： | 20 |
| 11 | 血管性认知障碍的诊断标准:国际血管性行为与认知障碍学会的申明显示文摘长期以来,脑血管病(CVD)就被认为是认知损害的一个重要原因,但是有关脑血管病后认知障碍的概念化却有着一段多变的历史。'动脉变硬'或脑的动脉粥样硬化是'老化'的原因,是存在已久的观点,在20世纪60年代受到了来自英格兰纽卡斯尔的神经病理学研究的质疑。这些研究表明,血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,Va D)与超过一定程度的多发性脑梗死有关。 | 徐岩 郭起浩 Sachdev P Kalaria R O'Brien J Skoog I Alladi S Black SE Blacker D Blazer DG Chen C Chui H Ganguli M Jellinger K Jeste DV Pasquier F Paulsen J Prins N Rockwood K Roman G Scheltens P | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 19 |
| 12 | AFLP分析小豆种(Vigna angularis)内遗传多样性显示文摘利用 12对AFLP引物 ,对来自于世界 6个国家的 14 6份小豆 (Vignaangularis)栽培变种 (var.angularis)和野生变种 (var.nipponensis)种质的基因组DNA进行扩增 ,得到 5 80条清晰的显带 ,其中 313(5 3 93% )条呈多态性 ,平均每对AFLP引物得到 2 6 0 8条多态性带 ;平均遗传距离 0 35 ,变异幅度为 0 0 0~ 0 87。利用AFLP多态性数据进行的Jaccard’s遗传距离聚类分析绘制的聚类图 ,可将其中的 14 3份种质相互区分开 ,并将其中的 14 5份小豆资源划分成 8个明显不同组群 ,显示小豆种内存在足够的遗传多样性用于资源材料的准确鉴别与分类。 8个组群的遗传多样性表现出十分明显的地域相关性 ,以及遗传类型趋同性。通过各组群内和组群间的遗传距离比较 ,发现世界小豆主要栽培资源以及日本野生、半野生资源中蓄积的遗传多样性较匮乏 ,而储藏于中国野生小豆资源、喜马拉雅地区栽培和野生资源中的遗传多样性较丰富。 | 宗绪晓 D Vaughan A Kaga N Tomooka 王新望 关建平 王述民 | 2003 | 作物学报2003，29，4： | 18 |
| 13 | Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio to predict esophageal varices in Mexican patients with hepatic cirrhosis显示文摘AIM:To validate whether the platelet count/spleen size ratio can be used to predict the presence of esophageal varices in Mexican patients with hepatic cirrhosis.METHODS:This was an analytical cross-sectional study to validate the diagnostic test for hepatic cirrhosis and was performed between February 2010 and December 2011.Patients with a diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis were included and stratified using their ChildPugh score.Biochemical parameters were evaluated,and ultrasound was used to measure the longest diameter of the spleen.The platelet count/spleen diameter ratio was calculated and analyzed to determine whether it can predict the presence of esophageal varices.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was used as the gold standard.Sensitivity and specificity,positive and negative predictive values,and positive and negative likelihood ratios were determined,with the cutoff points determined by receiver-operating characteristic curves.RESULTS:A total of 91 patients were included.The mean age was 53.75±12 years;50(54.9%)were men,and 41(45.0%)women.The etiology of cirrhosis included alcohol in 48(52.7%),virally induced in24(26.3%),alcoholism plus hepatitis C virus in three(3.2%),cryptogenic in nine(9.8%),and primary biliary cirrhosis in seven(7.6%).Esophageal varices were present in 73(80.2%)patients.Child-Pugh classification,17(18.6%)patients were classified as class A,37(40.6%)as class B,and 37(40.6%)as class C.The platelet count/spleen diameter ratio to detect esophageal varices independent of the grade showed using a cutoff value of≤884.3,had 84%sensitivity,70%specificity,and positive and negative predictive values of 94%and 40%,respectively.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio may be a useful tool for detecting esophageal varices in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. | Alejandro González-Ojeda Gabino Cervantes-Guevara Manuela Chávez-Sánchez Carlos Dávalos-Cobián Susana Ornelas-Cázares Michel Dassaejv Macías-Amezcua Mariana Chávez-Tostado Kenia Militzi Ramírez-Campos Anaís del Rocío Ramírez-Arce Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，8： | 18 |
| 14 | Is rectal indomethacin effective in preventing of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis?显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effectiveness of rectally administered indomethacin in the prophylaxis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia in a multicentre study.METHODS:A prospective,randomised,placebocontrolled multicentre study in five endoscopic units was conducted on 686 patients randomised to receive a suppository containing 100 mg indomethacin,or an inert placebo,10-15 min before ERCP.Post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia were evaluated 24 h following the procedure on the basis of clinical signs and laboratory parameters,and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings if required.RESULTS:Twenty-one patients were excluded because of incompleteness of their data or because of protocol violation.The results of 665 investigations were evaluated:347 in the indomethacin group and 318 in the placebo group.The distributions of the risk factors in the two groups did not differ significantly.Pancreatitis developed in 42 patients(6.3%):it was mild in34(5.1%)and severe in eight(1.2%)cases.Hyperamylaesemia occurred in 160 patients(24.1%).There was no significant difference between the indomethacin and placebo groups in the incidence of either postERCP pancreatitis(5.8%vs 6.9%)or hyperamylasaemia(23.3%vs 24.8%).Similarly,subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION:100 mg rectal indomethacin administered before ERCP did not prove effective in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis. | Zoltán Dbrnte Zoltán Szepes Ferenc Izbéki Judit Gervain László Lakatos Gyula Pécsi Miklós Ihász Lilla Lakner Erzsébet Toldy László Czakó | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，29： | 16 |
| 15 | 幽门螺杆菌感染处理的当前观念——MaastrichtⅢ共识报告显示文摘名词缩写欧洲幽门螺杆菌研究小组:European Helicobacter Study Group,EHSG胃食管反流病:gastro-esophageal reflux disease。 | P Malfertheiner F Megraud C O'Morain F Bazzoli E El-Omar D Graham R Hunt T Rokkas N Vakil EJ Kuipers 朱琦 | 2007 | 胃肠病学2007，12，3： | 15 |
| 16 | 踝关节创伤后关节炎的相关危险因素:一项随访18年的回顾性研究显示文摘踝关节创伤后关节炎十分常见,其发生率比髋膝关节高得多,而目前对其危险因素评估的长期随访研究报道很少。作者对1988年1月-1997年12月的373例进行切开复位内固定的踝关节骨折进行了回顾性研究,并进行统计学分析。Pilon骨折、距骨骨折及年龄〈18岁者未纳入研究。 | Lübbeke A Salvo D Stern R Hoffmeyer P Holzer N Assal M. 于涛 俞光荣 | 2012 | 中国矫形外科杂志2012，20，18： | 14 |
| 17 | BRAFV600E突变的上皮样胶质母细胞瘤BRAFVE1免疫表达形式显示文摘上皮样胶质母细胞瘤(E-GBMs)的BRAFV600E突变率可高达50%以上,而普通型GBMs突变率很低,提示E-GBMs最可能为GBMs的一种变异亚型。BRAF基因状态检测是决定靶向药物vemurafenib使用的重要依据。采用BRAFVE1免疫组化(IHC)检测是否可以替代Sanger测序目前尚不清楚。 | Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B K Aisner D L Foreman N K 康锶鹏 余英豪 | 2015 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2015，31，11： | 14 |
| 18 | 内脏脂肪组织通过产生骨桥蛋白调控成纤维细胞衰老促进心脏衰老显示文摘老化通过增加包括骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)在内的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)蛋白的沉积引起心脏结构和功能改变进而导致进行性间质纤维化。虽然已知OPN参与各种病理状况,但其在心肌衰老中的作用仍不清楚。 | Sawaki D Czibik G Pini M Ternacle J Suffee N Mercedes R Marcelin G Surenaud M Marcos E Gual P Clément K Hue S Adnot S Hatem SN Tsuchimochi I Yoshimitsu T Hénégar C Derumeaux G 刘青 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，3： | 14 |
| 19 | 欧洲肿瘤内科协会对非上皮性卵巢癌的诊断、治疗和随访所制定的临床实践指南显示文摘非上皮性卵巢癌是一类少见的卵巢癌,因此,其诊断较难建立。然而,通过仔细观察各种肿瘤的标记物[尤其是人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位(β-hCG)、α-甲胎蛋白(α-AFP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)]、临床体征(如妊娠期体征, | Reed N Millan D Verheijen R Castiglione M On behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group 杨华(译) 郎景和(审校) | 2011 | 国际妇产科学杂志2011，38，4： | 13 |
| 20 | 不同氮源对海洋微藻氮同位素分馏作用的影响显示文摘以海链藻 (Thalassiosirapseudonana)为研究对象 ,分别考察了以硝酸盐、铵盐和尿素为氮源的氮同位素分馏作用。在建立相应理论模型基础上 ,分别计算出各个实验体系的ε值。结果表明 ,在藻类生长初期 ,δ1 5N均较低 ,其δ1 5N的积累主要发生在指数增长期 ,在稳定期达到最高 ,与氮源的初始δ1 5N相同 ;不同氮源的氮同位素分馏作用也不相同 ,其中以铵盐最强 ,硝酸盐次之 ,尿素最弱。考虑到实际情况下氮化合物并非单一存在 ,作者还进一步考察了上述3种氮源混合后对其同位素分馏作用的影响 ,发现混合氮源体系的表观ε值介于单一氮源时的最大与最小ε值之间 ,该结果较好地解释了Montoya等 ( 1 991 )在Chesapeak湾的现场实验结果。 | 俞志明 Waser N A D Harrison P J | 2004 | 海洋与湖沼2004，35，6： | 13 |
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