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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Patterns of genomic and phenomic diversity in wine and table grapes显示文摘Grapes are one of the most economically and culturally important crops worldwide,and they have been bred for both winemaking and fresh consumption.Here we evaluate patterns of diversity across 33 phenotypes collected over a 17-year period from 580 table and wine grape accessions that belong to one of the world’s largest grape gene banks,the grape germplasm collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.We find that phenological events throughout the growing season are correlated,and quantify the marked difference in size between table and wine grapes.By pairing publicly available historical phenotype data with genome-wide polymorphism data,we identify large effect loci controlling traits that have been targeted during domestication and breeding,including hermaphroditism,lighter skin pigmentation and muscat aroma.Breeding for larger berries in table grapes was traditionally concentrated in geographic regions where Islam predominates and alcohol was prohibited,whereas wine grapes retained the ancestral smaller size that is more desirable for winemaking in predominantly Christian regions.We uncover a novel locus with a suggestive association with berry size that harbors a signature of positive selection for larger berries.Our results suggest that religious rules concerning alcohol consumption have had a marked impact on patterns of phenomic and genomic diversity in grapes. | ZoëMigicovsky Jason Sawler Kyle M Gardner Mallikarjuna K Aradhya Bernard H Prins Heidi R Schwaninger Carlos D Bustamante Edward S Buckler Gan-Yuan Zhong Patrick J Brown Sean Myles | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Renal cell carcinoma invading the urinary collecting system: implications for staging 显示文摘 | Uzzo RG Cherullo EE Myles J | 2002 | J Urol2002，167，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Obesity as an independent risk factor for inffectious morbidity in patients who undergo cesarean delivery显示文摘 | MYLES T D GOOCH J SANTOLAYA J | 2002 | Obstet Gynecol2002，100，51： | 1 |
| 5 | Association mapping: critical considerations shift from genotyping to experimental design 显示文摘 | Myles S Peiffer J Brown P J Ersoz E S Zhang Z Costich D E Buckler E S | 2009 | The Plant Cell Online2009，21，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Regional anaesthesia and pain management显示文摘 | Power I Mc Cormack J G Myles P S | 2010 | Anaesthesia2010，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Atheroembol- ic renal disease: effect on morbidity and survival after revascularization for athemsclerotic renal artery stenosis 显示文摘 | Krishnamurthi V Novick A C Myles J L | 1999 | J Urol1999，161，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia:the B-Aware randomised con trolled trial显示文摘 | Myles P Leslie K McNeil J | 2004 | Lancet2004，363，： | 1 |
| 9 | A randomised controlled trial of BIS monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia:The B-A-ware Trial显示文摘 | Myles P Leslie K McNeil J | 2004 | Lancet2004，363，： | 1 |
| 10 | Myocardial protection with volatile anaesthetic agent during coronary artery bypass surgery: a meta-analysis 显示文摘 | SYMONS J A MYLES P S | 2006 | Br J Anaesth2006，97，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Congenital absence of the inferior vena cava显示文摘 | d'Archambeau O Verguts L Myle J | 1990 | J Belge Radiol1990，73，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anesthesia:the B-Aware randomized control ed trial显示文摘 | Myles PS Leslie K Mcneil J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: the B- Aware randomised controlled trial 显示文摘 | Myles PS Leslie K McNeil J | 2004 | LANCET2004，363，9423： | 1 |
| 14 | Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: the B-Aware randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Myles PS Leslie K McNeil J | 2004 | Lancet2004，363，： | 1 |
| 15 | Species transport in a high-pressure oxygen-generating proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer显示文摘 | MYLES T D NELSON G J PERACCHIO A A | 2012 | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2012，37，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Obesity as an independent risk factor for infectious morbidity in patients who undergo cesarean delivery显示文摘 | Myles TD Gooch J Santolaya J | 2002 | Obstet Gynecol2002，100，51： | 1 |
| 17 | Depth of anaesthesia monitoring: what's available, what's validated and what's next 显示文摘 | Bruhn J Myles PS Sneyd R | 2006 | BJA2006，97，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Treatment of prognosis of primary breast lymphoma: a review of 13 cases显示文摘 | Lyons J A Myles J Pohlman B | 2000 | Am J Clin Oncol2000，23，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Obesity as an independent risk factor for infectious morbidity in patients who undergo cesarean delivery显示文摘 | Myles TD Gooch J Santolaya J | 2002 | Obstet Gynecol2002，100，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Associa- tion mapping: critical considerations shift from genoty- ping to experimental design 显示文摘 | MYLES S PEIFFER J BROWN P J | 2009 | Plant Cell2009，21，8： | 1 |
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