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| 1 | Physiological and biochemical appraisal for mulching and partial rhizosphere drying of cotton显示文摘Water is the main factor for the healthy life of plant.One of the main negative effects of climate change is the increasing scarcity of water that is lethal for plant.Globally,for water deficit regions(arid and semi-arid),drought is the main factor responsible for low production of agriculture,especially for cotton.Great efforts have been and are being made to find alternatives to water saving practices.This study aimed to examine the effects of partial rhizosphere drying(PRD,half of the root system irrigated at one event,and the other half irrigated in the next event,and so on)with and/or without various mulching treatments on physiological and biochemical traits of cotton.To explore this objective,we laid out experiments in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan in 2016.Two factors included were four mulching treatments(M0,no mulching;M1,black plastic mulching;M2,wheat straw mulching;and M3,cotton sticks mulching)and two irrigation levels(I0,control(full irrigation);and I1,PRD).Fisher's analysis of variance among means of treatments was compared using least significant difference test at 5% probability level.Results revealed that the maximum plant height,leaf area,leaf gas exchange(photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance),chlorophyll,proline and total sugar contents,and enzyme activities were higher under M2 than under other three mulching treatments.As for irrigation levels,higher values of plant height,photosynthesis and water related parameters(leaf water potential,leaf osmotic potential,leaf turgor potential,etc.)were recorded.Contents of total sugar and proline and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in PRD-treated plants than in control plants.It was concluded that combined application of PRD and mulching was more effective than the rest of the treatments used in the experiment.Similar study can be conducted in the field by applying irrigation water in alternate rows in semi-arid regions. | Rashid IQBAL Muhammad A S RAZA Muhammad F SALEEM Imran H KHAN Salman AHMAD Muhammad S ZAHEER Muhammad U ASLAM Imran HAIDER | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，5： | 2 |
| 2 | Complete nucleotide sequences of a distinct bipartite begomovirus, bitter gourd yellow vein virus, infecting Momordica charantia显示文摘 | Muhammad Tahir Muhammad Saleem Haider Rob W. Briddon | 2010 | Archives of Virology2010，，11： | 1 |
| 3 | Changes in Phyto-Chemical Status upon Viral Infections in Plant:A Critical Review显示文摘Most damaging plant diseases have been caused by viruses in the entire world.In tropical and subtropical areas,the damage caused by plant virus leads to great economic and agricultural losses.Single stranded DNA viruses(geminiviruses)are the most perilous pathogens which are responsible for major diseases in agronomic and horticultural crops.Significantly begomoviruses and mastreviruses are the biggest genus of plant infecting viruses,transmitted though Bemisia tabaci and members of Cicadellidae respectively.Plants possesses some naturally existing chemicals term as phyto-chemicals which perform important functions in the plant.Some antioxidant enzymes are used by plants for selfdefense upon foreign invasion of infection.This review explains the present perceptive of influence of viral infections on phyto-chemicals,oxidative enzymes and biochemical changes occurring in the plant.Viral infection mediated phytochemical changes in plants mainly includes:up and down regulation of photosynthetic pigment,increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds,elevation of starch content in the leaf and up&down regulation of anti-oxidative enzymes including(GPX)guaiacol peroxidase,(PPO)polyphenol oxidase,(APX)ascorbate peroxidase,(SOD)superoxide dismutase and(CTA)catalase.These changes lead to initiation of hypersensitive response,by thicken of the leaf lamina,lignification under the leaf surface,blocking to stomatal openings,systematic cell death,generation of reactive oxidative species(ROS),activation of pathogen mediated resistance pathways i.e.,production of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid.Collectively all the physiological changes in the plant due to viral infection supports the activation of defense mechanism of the plant to combat against viral infection by limiting virus in specific area,followed with the production of barriers for pathogen,accumulation of starch in the leaf and excess production of(ROS).These strategies used by the plant to prevent the spread of virus in whole plant and to minimize the risk of severe yield loss. | Tehmina Bahar Adeeba Mahboob Qureshi Fasiha Qurashi Muniba Abid Misbah Batool Zahra Muhammad Saleem Haider | 2021 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2021，90，1： | 0 |
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