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| 1 | Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications显示文摘The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electronics,industrial engineering,and most distinctively,as directed energy military weapons.Owing to their active transmissions,laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent;however,unlike conventional radars,the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments,both in offensive and defensive roles.In modern avionics systems,laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons(LGW)accurately to the ground targets.Additionally,compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications.Moreover,the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept,making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations.Furthermore,the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given synergistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations.This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space.Additionally,a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders.It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance,its earlier state of the art,and ongoing scientific research and advancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield.Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy,the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains. | Syed Affan Ahmed Mujahid Mohsin Syed Muhammad Zubair Ali | 2021 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2021，17，2： | 10 |
| 2 | Recent advances in semitransparent perovskite solar cells显示文摘The environmental challenges across the world step up the researcher's interest in different energy resources.Semitransparent perovskite solar cells(STPSCs)could expedite generation of electricity as well as shows reassuring its significance in flexible electronics and building-integrating photovoltaic as so forth in the next decade.It is highly recommended to endorse the relevance of semitransparent solar devices to fulfill the required level of energy even by using the roofs and windows of the buildings.In this review article,we pay more attention to recent developments of ST-PSCs.Herein,a succinct overview of latest research about semitransparent solar cell technologies and ST-PSCs is summarized.Moreover,the strategies to enhance the transparency of solar cells are described utilizing structure,transparent electrodes,perovskite film formation,tandem solar cells,color tuning,and human eye perception.Last but not least is that the serious concerns about stability of ST-PSCs are vividly reviewed. | Muhammad Mujahid Chen Chen Jian Zhang Chuannan Li Yu Duan | 2021 | InfoMat2021，3，1： | 4 |
| 3 | High-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy during preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancers显示文摘AIM:To determine the feasibility and safety of high dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy(HDR-ILBT) boost during preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer.METHODS:Between 2008 and 2009,thirty-six patients with locally advanced rectal cancer(≥ T3 or N+),were treated initially with concurrent capecitabine(825 mg/m2 oral twice daily) and pelvic external beam radiotherapy(EBRT)(45 Gy in 25 fractions),then were randomized to group A;HDR-ILBT group(n = 17) to receive 5.5-7 Gy×2 to gross tumor volume(GTV) and group B;EBRT group(n = 19) to receive 5.4 Gy×3 fractions to GTV with EBRT.All patients underwent total mesorectal excision.RESULTS:Grade 3 acute toxicities were registered in 12 patients(70.6%) in group A and in 8(42.1%) in group B.Complete pathologic response of T stage(ypT0) in group A was registered in 10 patients(58.8%) and in group B,3 patients(15.8%) had ypT0(P < 0.0001).Sphincter preservation was reported in 6/9 patients(66.7%) in group A and in 5/10 patients(50%) in group B(P < 0.01).Overall radiological response was 68.15% and 66.04% in Group A and B,respectively.During a median follow up of 18 mo,late grade 1 and 2 sequelae were registered in 3 patients(17.6%) and 4 patients(21.1%) in the groups A and B,respectively.CONCLUSION:HDR-ILBT was found to be effective dose escalation technique in preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancers,with higher response rates,downstaging and with manageable acute toxicities. | Mutahir Ali Tunio Mansoor Rafi Altaf Hashmi Rehan Mohsin Abdul Qayyum Mujahid Hasan Amjad Sattar Muhammad Mubarak | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，35： | 3 |
| 4 | National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the experts.The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this meeting.This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients.This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation.The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy.Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis.However,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection.Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging.The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification.Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence.The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions.Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage.Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA. | Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed | 2024 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2024，30，9： | 0 |
| 5 | 面向膜蒸馏的抗润湿、抗污染、抗结垢新型膜研究进展显示文摘膜蒸馏(MD)作为一种有前景的高盐废水处理技术而受到广泛关注.然而,由于实际废水成分复杂,MD的实际应用面临膜润湿、膜污染和膜结垢三大关键挑战,易导致膜通量和选择性降低,甚至膜失效.本文首先简述不同种类污染物诱导的膜润湿、污染和结垢的特点及其形成原因.随后,重点介绍了目前抗润湿、抗污染、抗结垢新型膜的研究进展,包括超疏水膜、全疏膜、常规Janus膜和致密Janus膜的设计原则、抗性机理及其适用范围.此外,讨论了通过对进料预处理、操作条件调控的辅助手段以及膜再生来进一步保证MD长期运行的稳定性. | 王超 赵一 Muhammad Mujahid 任龙飞 邵嘉慧 | 2024 | 膜科学与技术2024，44，1： | 0 |
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