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| 1 | 面向21世纪的卒中新定义:美国心脏病学会和美国卒中学会声明显示文摘尽管脑血管病有着全球性影响且对其病理生理学的认识有了很多进步,但是'卒中'这一术语在临床实践、临床研究或公共卫生评估中的定义却不一致。传统的定义依据于临床,却没有考虑到科学技术的进步。美国心脏协会(AHA)和美国卒中协会(ASA)卒中分会组织了写作小组,为21世纪卒中新定义撰写专家共识性声明。中枢神经系统(CNS)梗死,指由缺血所导致的脑、脊髓或视网膜的细胞死亡,是基于持续性损害的神经病理学、神经影像学和(或)临床证据。CNS梗死表现为一个临床谱:缺血性卒中特指伴有明显症状的CNS梗死,而静息性梗死根据定义指未引起已知的症状的梗死。卒中也还包括脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血。新定义的卒中结合了临床和组织学标准,可被用于实践、研究和公共卫生评估。 | 俞羚 董荃 宋叶平 江静雯 李卉 刘亮贤 苏爱萍 李焰生 Sacco RL Kasner SE Broderick JP Caplan LR Connors JJ Culebras A Elkind MS George MG Hamdan AD Higashida RT Hoh BL Janis LS Kase CS Kleindorfer DO Lee JM Moseley ME Peterson ED Turan TN Valderrama AL Vinters HV | 2013 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2013，10，2： | 188 |
| 2 | 胱抑素C与肌酐在确定肾功能风险方面的作用显示文摘血肌酐联合胱抑素c确定估算的肾小球滤过率(estimatedglomerularfiltrationrate,eGFR),能够提高准确性,但其对不同人群慢性肾脏病检测、分期和风险分类的影响尚未确定。最近美国学者报告了一项荟萃分析,比较了胱抑素c与肌酐在确定肾功能风险方面的作用。 | Shlipak MG Matsushita K rnlv J 王建中 | 2013 | 中华肾病研究电子杂志2013，2，5： | 60 |
| 3 | Identification of serum proteins discriminating colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry显示文摘瞄准:为颜色检测新浆液简历标记由浆液蛋白质与提高表面的激光解吸附作用 ionisation 介绍的表面的癌症(CRC )-- 飞行团分光术(SELDI-TOF MS ) 的时间。方法:二个独立浆液样品集合与 ProteinChip 技术独立被分析(集合 A:40 CRC+49 健康控制;集合 B:37 CRC+31 健康控制) ,有一个弱阳离子的使用的芯片交换一半和缓冲区 pH 5。差别的歧视的力量表示了蛋白质与一个分类树算法被估计。产生分类树的敏感和特性被盲目地从集合 B 并且反过来也如此从集合 A 把数据用于产生的树获得。CRC 浆液蛋白质侧面也与从胸的那些相比,卵巢,前列腺,和非小的房间肺癌症。结果:Mass-to-charge 比率(m/z ) 3.1x10 (3 ) , 3.3x10 (3 ) , 4.5x10 (3 ) , 6.6x10 (3 ) 和 28x10 (3 ) 在最好执行的分类树上被用作分类器。树敏感和特性在 65% 和 90% 之间。大多数这些歧视的 m/z 价值在调查的另外的瘤类型也是不同的。M/z 3.3x10 (3 ) ,在大多数树上的主要分类器,是 6.6x10 (3 ) 的一种二倍地控告的形式 -Da 蛋白质。后者作为 apolipoprotein C-I 被识别。M/z 3.1x10 (3 ) 作为 apolipoprotein A-I 作为白朊,和 m/z 28x10 (3 ) 的 N 终端碎片被识别。结论:分类树模式分析跟随的 SELDI-TOF MS 是为为 CRC 发现新浆液标记的一种合适的技术。Biomarkers 能与高敏感和特性在独立样品集合被识别并且 reproducibly 检测了。尽管为 CRC 不特定,这些简历标记在监视的疾病和治疗有一个潜在的角色。 | Judith YMN Engwegen Helgi H Helgason Annemieke Cats Nathan Harris Johannes MG Bonfrer Jan HM Schellens Jos H Beijnen | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，10： | 45 |
| 4 | 济源盆地谭庄组(T_(2-3))上段湖相沉积及遗迹化石特征显示文摘济源市西南郊出露有中—上三叠统谭庄组,代表了济源中生代盆地充填的一部分。在湖相剖面中识别出六种岩相组成的两类相序,相序 1呈叠置的向上变粗的序列,由下到上由富有机质页岩 (相E,类型Ⅰ ),纹层粉砂岩 (相A)和水流波痕层理砂岩(相B)组成,记录了在温暖潮湿条件下常年性开放湖泊中小型河口坝三角洲的进积作用;相序 2缺少明显的垂直序列,由互层状细粒碳酸盐岩和粉砂岩(相C),变形层理和波浪改造砂岩 (相D),富有机质页岩(相E,类型Ⅱ)和粘土岩组成,虽然也代表了常年性开放浅水湖泊体系,但反映出很强的季节性气候控制特征。湖相剖面的相C中发育丰富的Skolithoslinearis组合,也反映出底层受季节性气候控制。文章深入探讨了该组上段浅湖沉积的环境演替及气候对沉积作用的控制作用,在湖泊演化过程中,很可能出现过几次水体分层。根据晚三叠世时期的古地理重建,推测谭庄组上段湖相沉积反映出的强烈季节性可以用潘加亚巨型季风影响的设想模式解释。 | 张国成 曾玉凤 Buatois LA Mangano MG | 2005 | 沉积学报2005，23，1： | 20 |
| 5 | Endocytosis unplugged: multiple ways to enter the cell显示文摘Endocytosis 在房间表面发生并且与它的成分膜蛋白质和类脂化合物一起包含血浆膜(下午) 的成为主观。Endocytosis 涉及细胞外的周围的采样并且也服务调整在房间表面开始的各种各样的过程。这些包括滋养的举起,从房间表面受体,和为在 metazoans 工作的房间和织物的许多另外的过程必需品发信号。它对下午类脂化合物和蛋白质动态平衡的维护也中央。有成为主观的多重工具并发地操作,在房间表面。与在高分辨率的可视化技术的前进,同时追踪多重 endocytic 货物现在是可能的,揭示在一个单个房间的 endocytic 进程的显著差异。实时房间成像和有效基因操作的联合也帮助了在成为主观的这些机制理解分子的播放器的功能的层次。这里,我们提供各种各样的 endocytic 线路的一篇报道,他们越过数的操作和出现的机制。 | Sudha Kumari Swetha MG Satyajit Mayor | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，3： | 19 |
| 6 | 人类血压测量方法:美国心脏协会科学声明显示文摘准确的血压测量对高血压诊断与治疗至关重要。该文是美国心脏协会关于人类血压测量的最新科学声明。业已证实,在诊室许多电子血压计可以准确测量血压,同时减少与听诊法有关的人为误差。即使没有一个观察者在场,全自动电子血压计也可以通过多次测量提供较听诊法更准确的血压测量值。研究表明诊室外所测血压与诊室血压比较存在实质性差别。目前认为动态血压监测是诊室外血压评估的参考标准,当动态血压监测不可行或患者不能耐受时,家庭血压监测则是一个替代方法。 | 赵狄(摘译) 练桂丽(审校) Muntner P Shimbo D Carey RM Charleston JB Gaillard T Misra S Myers MG Ogedegbe G Schwartz JE Townsend RR Urbina EM Viera AJ White WB Wright JT Jr | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，27，6： | 16 |
| 7 | Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Autolytimycin, A New Compound Produced by Streptomyces Autolyticus JX-47显示文摘Autolytimycin 1 was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces autolyticus JX-47, together with two known compounds, lebstatin 2 and 17-O-demethyl-geldanamycin 3. These compounds showed the activities of anti-HSV-I. The structure of 1 was determined by spectral analysis. | Li, MG Wu, SH Zhao, LX Zhang, Q Li, WJ Cui, XL Xu, LH Wu, DG Jiang, CL | 2001 | Chinese Chemical Letters2001，12，10： | 10 |
| 8 | 肥胖和动脉老化:Whitehall Ⅱ队列主动脉僵硬度纵向研究显示文摘该研究旨在确定肥胖症是否中年后动脉硬化加速的独立预测因子。纳入Whitehall Ⅱ研究受试者男性3789例,女性1383例,平均年龄66岁,均接受颈-股动脉压检测,4年后再次进行测定。一般肥胖状况由体质量指数,中心肥胖由腰围和腰臀比,脂肪含量百分比由身体阻抗来评估。通过线性混合模型,对年龄、性别、种族和平均动脉压进行调整后,所有肥胖症测量指标与主动脉硬化[通过随访的脉搏波传导速度(pulse wave velocity,PWV)较基线增加值来确定]相关。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Brunner EJ Shipley MJ Ahmadi-Abhari S Tabak AG McEniery CM Wilkinson IB Marmot MG Singh-Manoux A Kivimaki M | 2015 | 中华高血压杂志2015，23，6： | 8 |
| 9 | 具有低动脉粥样硬化风险特征的专业耐力运动员的亚临床冠状动脉疾病发病率显示文摘研究表明,具有冠状动脉疾病(coronary artery disease,CAD)危险因素的中老年(健将)运动员比久坐个体冠状动脉钙化(coronary artery calcium,CAC)评分更高。尚没有研究评估具有低动脉粥样硬化风险特征的专业运动员的CAD患病率。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Merghani A Maestrini V Rosmini S Cox AT Dhutia H Bastiaenen R David S Yeo TJ Narain R Malhotra A Papadakis M Wilson MG Tome M AlFakih K Moon JC Sharma S | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，6： | 8 |
| 10 | 急性脊髓损伤患者治疗的临床操作指南:关于MRI基线在临床治疗决策与结果预测中作用的几点建议(英文)显示文摘The objective of this guideline is to outline the role of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in clinical decision making and outcome prediction in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted to address key questions related to the use of MRI in patients with traumatic SCI.This review focused on longitudinal studies that controlled for baseline neurologic status.A multidisciplinary Guideline Development Group(GDG) used this information,their clinical expertise,and patient input to develop recommendations on the use of MRI for SCI patients.Based on GRADE(Grading of Recommendation,Assessment,Development and Evaluation),a strong recommendation is worded as ' we recommend,' whereas a weaker recommendation is indicated by 'we suggest.' Results Based on the limited available evidence and the clinical expertise of the GDG,our recommendations were:(1) 'We suggest that MRI be performed in adult patients with acute SCI prior to surgical intervention,when feasible,to facilitate improved clinical decision-making'(quality of evidence,very low) and(2) 'We suggest that MRI should be performed in adult patients in the acute period following SCI,before or after surgical intervention,to improve prediction of neurologic outcome '(quality of evidence,low).Conclusions These guidelines should be implemented into clinical practice to improve outcomes and prognostication for patients with SCI. | Fehlings MG Martin AR Tetreault LA Aarabi B Anderson P Arnold PM Brodke D Burns AS Chiba K Dettori JR Furlan JC Hawryluk G Holly LT Howley S Jeji T Kalsi-Ryan S Kotter M Kurpad S Kwon BK Marino RJ Massicotte E Merli G Middleton JW Nakashima H Nagoshi N Palmieri K Singh A Skelly AC Tsai EC Vaccaro A Wilson JR Yee A Harrop JS | 2017 | 中华神经外科疾病研究杂志2017，16，6： | 8 |
| 11 | m TOR signaling in liver regeneration: Rapamycin combined with growth factor treatment显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin(mT OR) inhibition on liver regeneration and autophagy in a surgical resection model.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy(PH) and treated intraperitoneally every 24 h with a combination of the m TOR inhibitor rapamycin(2.5 mg/kg per day) and the steroid dexamethasone(2.0 mg/kg per day) in phosphate bufferedsaline(PBS) or with PBS alone as vehicle control. In the immunosuppressant group, part of the group was treated subcutaneously 4 h prior to and 24 h after PH with a combination of human recombinant interleukin 6(IL-6; 500 μg/kg per day) and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF; 100 μg/kg per day) in PBS. Animals were sacrificed 2, 3 or 5 d after PH and liver tissue and blood were collected for further analysis. Immunohistochemical staining for 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine(Brd U) was used to quantify hepatocyte proliferation. Western blotting was used to detect hepatic microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ protein expression as a marker for autophagy. Hepatic gene expression levels of proliferation-, inflammation- and angiogenesisrelated genes were examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and serum bilirubin and transaminase levels were analyzed at the clinical chemical core facility of the Erasmus MC-University Medical Center.RESULTS: m TOR inhibition significantly suppressed regeneration, shown by decreased hepatocyte proliferation(2% vs 12% Brd U positive hepatocyte nuclei at day 2, P < 0.01; 0.8% vs 1.4% at day 5, P = 0.02) and liver weight reconstitution(63% vs 76% of initial total liver weight at day 3, P = 0.04), and furthermore increased serum transaminase levels(aspartate aminotransferase 641 U/L vs 185 U/L at day 2, P = 0.02). Expression of the autophagy marker LC3-Ⅱ, which was reduced during normal liver regeneration, increased after mT OR inhibition(46% increase at day 2, P = 0.04). Hepatic gene expression showed an increased inflammation-related response [tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α 3.2-fold upregulation at day 2, P = 0.03; IL-1Ra 6.0-fold upregulation at day 2 and 42.3-fold upregulation at day 5, P < 0.01] and a reduced expression of cell cycle progression and angiogenesis-related factors(HGF 40% reduction at day 2; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 50% reduction at days 2 and 5; angiopoietin 1 60% reduction at day 2, all P ≤ 0.01). Treatmentwith the regeneration stimulating cytokine IL-6 and growth factor HGF could overcome the inhibitory effect on liver weight(75% of initial total liver weight at day 3, P = 0.02 vs immunosuppression alone and P = 0.90 vs controls) and partially reversed gene expression changes caused by rapamycin(TNF-α and IL-1Ra levels at day 2 were restored to control levels). However, no significant changes in hepatocyte proliferation, serum injury markers or autophagy were found.CONCLUSION: mT OR inhibition severely impairs liver regeneration and increases autophagy after PH. These effects are partly reversed by stimulation of the IL-6 and HGF pathways. | Suomi MG Fouraschen Petra E de Ruiter Jaap Kwekkeboom Ron WF de Bruin Geert Kazemier Herold J Metselaar Hugo W Tilanus Luc JW van der Laan Jeroen de Jonge | 2013 | World Journal of Transplantation2013，3，3： | 6 |
| 12 | 吸烟者肺泡接触段破坏及其与小气道形态异常的关系显示文摘为观察吸烟者肺泡接触段和小气道形态的计量特点,以探讨吸烟者肺泡接触段破坏的发生与小气道形态异常的关系。应用图象分析技术对36例吸烟者肺泡接触段和小气道形态进行计量学分析。分为:无肺气肿组(NE),小叶中央型肺气肿组(CLE)和全小叶型肺气肿组(PLE)。肺泡接触段参数中,CLE的相邻两个正常肺泡接触段之间的距离(距离)和异常肺泡接触段百分数(异常接触数%)显著高于NE(P<0.05和P<0.01),三组间的正常肺泡接触段参数无明显区别;小气道形态参数中,CLE的小气道管壁面积(WA)和扭曲系数(DI)明显不同于NE(均P<0.05);PLE和NE间这些参数均无明显区别;距离和异常接触数的百分率分别与WA和DI显著相关,但这种关系仅见于CLE。说明吸烟者肺泡接触段的破坏与小气道形态异常有密切关系,提示不同类型的肺气肿CLE和PLE可能各自有完全不同的发病机制。 | 马鸿达 张乃鑫 赵天如 祝尔诚 MG Cosio | 1996 | 中华病理学杂志1996，25，4： | 6 |
| 13 | Endoscopic innovations to increase the adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy显示文摘Up to a quarter of polyps and adenomas are missed during colonoscopy due to poor visualization behind folds and the inner curves of flexures,and the presence of flat lesions that are difficult to detect.These numbers may however be conservative because they mainly come from back-to-back studies performed with standard colonoscopes,which are unable to visualize the entire mucosal surface.In the past several years,new endoscopic techniques have been introduced to improve the detection of polyps and adenomas.The introduction of high definition colonoscopes and visual image enhancement technologies have been suggested to lead to better recognition of flat and small lesions,but the absolute increase in diagnostic yield seems limited.Cap assisted colonoscopy and water-exchange colonoscopy are methods to facilitate cecal intubation and increase patients comfort,but show only a marginal or no benefit on polyp and adenoma detection.Retroflexion is routinely used in the rectum for the inspection of the dentate line,but withdrawal in retroflexion in the colon is in general not recommended due to the risk of perforation.In contrast,colonoscopy with the Third-Eye Retroscope?may result in considerable lower miss rates compared to standard colonoscopy,but this technique is not practical in case of polypectomy and is more time consuming.The recently introduced Full Spectrum Endoscopy?colonoscopes maintains the technical capabilities of standard colonoscopes and provides a much wider view of 330 degrees compared to the 170 degrees with standard colonoscopes.Remarkable lower adenoma miss rates with this new technique were recently demonstrated in the first randomized study.Nonetheless,more studies are required to determine the exact additional diagnostic yield in clinical practice.Optimizing the efficacy of colorectal cancer screening and surveillance requires high definition colonoscopes with improved virtual chromoendoscopy technology that visualize the whole colon mucosa while maintaining optimal washing,suction and therapeutic capabilities,and keeping the procedural time as low and patient discomfort as optimal as possible. | Vincent K Dik Leon MG Moons Peter D Siersema | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 6 |
| 14 | 中年成人平均动脉压的体位改变与动脉硬度的关系:Framingham心脏研究显示文摘Torjesen A, Cooper LL, Rong J, Larson MG, Hamburg NM, Levy D, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Mitchell GF. Relations of arterial stiffness with postural change in mean arterial pressure in middle-aged adults:the Framingham heart study. Hyperten- sion,2017,69(4) :685-690.站立位血压稳定调节受损可导致不良结果,包括跌倒、晕厥和定向障碍。平均动脉压(meanarterialpressure,MAP)通常在站立位时增加,然而,站立位MAP增加不足或减少可能导致脑灌注减少。已有研究报道,在动脉硬度增加的老年人中存在体位性低血压,年轻至中年人MAP的体位性改变与动脉硬度的相关性尚未阐明。该研究分析了Framingham心脏研究第3代队列中的受试者3205人(女性1693人,占53%)的直立性血压反应和全面血液动力学数据。 | Torjesen A Cooper LL Rong J Larson MG Hamburg NM Levy D Benjamin EJ Vasan RS Mitchell GF 刘莉 叶鹏 | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，3： | 5 |
| 15 | 年龄>75岁成人他汀类药物的使用情况及不良反应显示文摘自2013年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会指南发布以来,目前常规社区治疗实践中老年人用他汀类药物情况不很清楚。研究者比较了在不考虑指南推荐的年龄标准的情况下,符合接受一级或二级预防他汀类药物使用标准年龄〉75和≤75岁成年人的他汀类药物使用和剂量状况。 | 刘青 叶鹏 Nanna MG Navar AM Wang TY Mi X Virani SS Louie MJ Lee LV Goldberg AC Roger VL Robinson J Peterson ED | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，7： | 4 |
| 16 | 中日美栗疫病菌群体遗传结构比较显示文摘采用RFLP技术 ,对中日美 3国的 2 6个子群体共 75 7个栗疫病菌菌株的核DNA进行了群体遗传结构分析。结果表明 ,栗疫病菌的中国子群体间遗传结构有明显的分化 ,日本子群体间的遗传结构差异不明显 ;在美国和亚洲的栗疫病菌群体间没有发现基因流的迹象 ;美国栗疫病菌群体的遗传结构与日本群体的关系比较密切 ,而与中国群体间的差异较大。 | 王克荣 周扬 MG Milgroom | 2004 | 林业科学2004，40，5： | 4 |
| 17 | 巨噬细胞、细胞因子和脓毒症显示文摘巨噬细胞激活以及巨噬细胞因子白介素1(IL-1)、白介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)分泌的增加与脓毒症的发生发展有着密切的联系。采用这些细胞因子的桔抗物(如TNF单抗、消炎痛等)以及用小剂量内毒素诱导内毒素耐受性均能降低巨噬细胞因子分泌反应并提高脓毒症动物的生存率。本文对有关进展作综合介绍。 | Walsh CJ León P O'Riordain MG Ayala A 密磊 | 1993 | 国外医学(创伤与外科基本问题分册)1993，14，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Bacterial communities inside and in the vicinity of the Chinese Great Wall Station, King George Island, Antarctica显示文摘 | Xiao X Li MG You ZY Wang FP | 2007 | 中国生物学文摘2007，21，8： | 3 |
| 19 | 基于自动测量的诊室血压高血压诊断标准与心血管病风险显示文摘与血压相关的心血管事件风险很大程度是基于台式水银血压计的人群测量数据。考虑到电子血压计逐步替代台式水银血压计,该研究采用全自动血压计在研究对象独自安静休息时多次读取数据,以探讨导致心血管风险显著增加的血压水平。方法:纳入〉65岁的未经治疗的高血压社区居民3627例。从社区药店和家庭医生获得受试者未受干扰时的坐位自动诊室血压数据。针对致命性及非致命性心血管事件,受试者随访(4.9±1.0)年。 | Myers MG Kaczorowski J Paterson JM Dolovich L Tu K 赵狄 练桂丽 | 2015 | 中华高血压杂志2015，23，8： | 3 |
| 20 | Is colonic lavage a suitable alternative for left-sided colonic emergencies?显示文摘BACKGROUND The use of intra-operative colonic lavage(IOCL)with primary anastomosis remains controversial in the emergency left-sided large bowel pathologies,with alternatives including Hartmann’s procedure,manual decompression and subtotal colectomy.AIM To compare the peri-operative outcomes of IOCL to other procedures.METHODS Electronic databases were searched for articles employing IOCL from inception till July 13,2020.Odds ratio and weighted mean differences(WMD)were estimated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes respectively.Single-arm meta-analysis was conducted using DerSimonian and Laird random effects.RESULTS Of 28 studies were included in this meta-analysis,involving 1142 undergoing IOCL,and 634 other interventions.IOCL leads to comparable rates of wound infection when compared to Hartmann’s procedure,and anastomotic leak and wound infection when compared to manual decompression.There was a decreased length of hospital stay(WMD=-7.750;95%CI:-13.504 to-1.996;P=0.008)compared to manual decompression and an increased operating time.Single-arm meta-analysis found that overall mortality rates with IOCL was 4%(CI:0.03-0.05).Rates of anastomotic leak and wound infection were 3%(CI:0.02-0.04)and 12%(CI:0.09-0.16)respectively.CONCLUSION IOCL leads to similar rates of post-operative complications compared to other procedures.More extensive studies are needed to assess the outcomes of IOCL for emergency left-sided colonic surgeries. | Hui Yu Tham Wen Hui Lim Sneha Rajiv Jain Cheng Han Mg Snow Yunni Lin Jie Ling Xiao Fung Joon Foo Kar Yong Wong Choon Seng Chong | 2021 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2021，13，4： | 3 |
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