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| 1 | Sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Current issues显示文摘Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy can successfully be performed by applying moderate(conscious) sedation.Moderate sedation,using midazolam and an opioid,is the standard method of sedation,although propofol is increasingly being used in many countries because the satisfaction of endoscopists with propofol sedation is greater compared with their satisfaction with conventional sedation.Moreover,the use of propofol is currently preferred for the endoscopic sedation of patients with advanced liver disease due to its short biologic half-life and,consequently,its low risk of inducing hepatic encephalopathy.In the future,propofol could become the preferred sedation agent,especially for routine colonoscopy.Midazolam is the benzodiazepine of choice because of its shorter duration of action and better pharmacokinetic profile compared with diazepam.Among opioids,pethidine and fentanyl are the most popular.A number of other substances have been tested in several clinical trials with promising results.Among them,newer opioids,such as remifentanil,enable a faster recovery.The controversy regarding the administration of sedation by an endoscopist or an experienced nurse,as well as the optimal staffing of en-doscopy units,continues to be a matter of discussion.Safe sedation in special clinical circumstances,such as in the cases of obese,pregnant,and elderly individuals,as well as patients with chronic lung,renal or liver disease,requires modification of the dose of the drugs used for sedation.In the great majority of patients,sedation under the supervision of a properly trained endoscopist remains the standard practice worldwide.In this review,an overview of the current knowledge concerning sedation during digestive endoscopy will be provided based on the data in the current literature. | John K Triantafillidis Emmanuel Merikas Dimitrios Nikolakis Apostolos E Papalois | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，4： | 35 |
| 2 | Favorable response to subcutaneous administration of infliximab in rats with experimental colitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the influence of infliximab (Remicade)on experimental colitis produced by 2,4,6,trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were allocated into four groups (three groups of six animals each and a fourth of 12 animals). Six more healthy animals served as normal controls (Group 5). Group 1:colitis was induced by intracolonic installation of 25 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 mL of 50% ethanol and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW; Group 2: colitis was induced and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW; Group 3: colitis was induced and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW; Group 4: colitis was induced without treatment with infliximab. Infliximab was administered on d 2-6. On the 7th d, all animals were killed. The colon was fixed in 10%buffered formalin and examined by light microscopy for the presence and activity of colitis and the extent of tissue damage. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured.RESULTS: Significant differences concerning the presence of reparable lesions and the extent of bowel mucosa without active inflammation in all groups of animals treated with infliximab compared with controls were found. Significant reduction of the tissue levels of TNF-α in all groups of treated animals as compared withthe untreated ones was found (0.47±0.44, 1.09±0.86,0.43±0.31 vs 18.73±10.53 respectively). Significant reduction in the tissue levels of MDA was noticed in group 1 as compared to group 4, as well as between groups 2 and 4.CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous administration of infliximab reduces the inflammatory activity as well as tissue TNF-α and MDA levels in chemical colitis in rats.Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW achieves better histological results and produces higher reduction of the levels of TNF-α than at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW.Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW produces higher reduction of tissue MDA levels than at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW. | John K Triantafillidis Apostolos E Papalois Aikaterini Parasi Emmanuel Anagnostakis Stavros Burnazos Aristofanis Gikas Emmanuel G Merikas Emmanuel Douzinas Maria Karagianni Helen Sotiriou | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，43： | 5 |
| 3 | Gastric cancer in the elderly: An overview显示文摘 | M.W. Saif N. Makrilia A. Zalonis M. Merikas K. Syrigos | 2010 | European Journal of Surgical Oncology2010，，8： | 2 |
| 4 | Enhanceosomes显示文摘 | Merika M Thanos D | 2001 | Curr Opin Genet Dev2001，11，： | 1 |
| 5 | Functional synergy and physical interaction of the Krtippel transcription factor GATA-1 with the Kriippel family proteins SPI and EKLF显示文摘 | MERIKA M ORKIN S | 1995 | Mol Cell Biol1995，15，： | 1 |
| 6 | The IFN-beta enhancer: A paradigm for understanding activation and repression of inducible gene expression 显示文摘 | Munshi N Yie J Merika M | 1999 | Cold Spring Harb Sym1999，64，： | 1 |
| 7 | Concentrated ownership and corporate performance revisited: the case of ship- ping显示文摘 | Tsionas M G Merikas A G Merika A A | 2012 | Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review2012，48，： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparison of two topical treatments for dentine sensitivity 显示文摘 | Merika K Heftitarthur Preshow PM | 2006 | Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent2006，14，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Comparison of two topical treatments for dextrine sensitivity 显示文摘 | Merika K Heftitarthur Preshow PM | 2006 | Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent2006，14，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Increased fasting serum levels of growth hormone and gastrin in patients with gastric and large bowel cancer显示文摘 | Triantafillidis JK Merikas E Govosdis V | 2003 | Hepatogastroentero2003，50，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Granulomatous eheilitis associated with exa-cerbations of Crohn's disease: a case report 显示文摘 | Triantafilidis JK Valvi FZ Merikas E | 2008 | J Medical Case Reports2008，2，： | 1 |
| 12 | Risk factors for colorectal polyps:findings from a Greek case-control study显示文摘 | Karagianni V Merikas E Georgopoulos F | 2010 | Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi2010，114，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Modeling the Dry-Docking Cost-The Case of Tankers显示文摘 | Agamemnon Apostolidis John Kokarakis Andreas Merikas | 2012 | Journal of Ship Production and Design2012，28，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Current and emerging drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disase显示文摘 | Triantafillidis JK Merikas E Georgopoulos F | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Distinct function proper- ties of I kappaB alpha and I kappaB beta 显示文摘 | Tran K Merika M Thanos D | 1997 | Mol Cell Biol1997，17，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Colon cancer vaccines: an up- date 显示文摘 | Merika E Saif MW Katz A | 2010 | In vivo2010，24，： | 1 |
| 17 | DNA-binding specificity of GATA family transcription factors显示文摘 | Merika M Orkin SH | 1993 | Mol Cell Biol1993，13，7： | 1 |
| 18 | DNA binding specificity of GATA family transcription factors显示文摘 | Merika M Orkin S H | 1993 | Mol Cell Biol1993，13，： | 1 |
| 19 | Enhanceosomes显示文摘 | Merika M Thanos D | 2001 | Curr Opin Genet Dev2001，11，： | 1 |
| 20 | Increased fasting serum levels of growth hormone and gastrin in patients with gastric and large bowel cancer显示文摘 | Triantafillidis JK Merikas E Govosdis V | 2003 | Hepatogastroenterology2003，50，2： | 1 |
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