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| 1 | The Case for Stabilizing China's Exchange Rate:Setting the Stage for Fiscal Expansion显示文摘中国的金融的谜从二来源产生。首先,它的大节省(贸易) 因为是一个不成熟的债权人不能在它的自己的货币借,在货币的剩余结果错配。相反,外国货币宣称(大部分美元) 在国内金融机构以内积聚。第二,经济学家,美国、中国,错误地把剩余归因于低估的 RMB。安无 USA,结果每从 2005 年 7 月的年是对对 6% 的美元或更多的 RMB 的渐渐、可预言的欣赏到 2008 年 7 月。和在美国利率的秋天自从 mid-2007,在外汇的这 oneway 赌注出售不仅吸引的热钱流入而且禁止的私人资本从资助中国的巨大的贸易剩余的流出。因此,人们中国的银行不得不重重地干涉向上阻止 RMB ratcheting,那么变得这个国家正式交换保留的唯一的国际金融中间人爆炸。因为货币失配,漂浮 RMB 既不可行也不合乎需要,并且更高的 RMB 不减少中国的贸易剩余。相反,为贸易剩余的钱的控制和正常私人部门的金融要求回来到在 1995 和 2004 之间存在的类似于那的可信地固定的名字的 RMB/USD 率。然而,为任何最新重设的 RMB/USD 评价作为一个钱的锚可信,猛击得到 RMB 起来的外国中国必须结束。然后,阶段将被设置让财政扩大刺激经济并且减少它的贸易剩余。 | Ronald McKinnon Gunther Schnabl | 2009 | China & World Economy2009，17，1： | 23 |
| 2 | China's Exchange Rate and Financial Repression:The Conflicted Emergence of the RMB as an International Currency显示文摘Instability in the world dollar standard,as most recently manifested in the US Federal Reserve's near-zero interest rate policy,has caused consternation in emerging markets with naturally higher interest rates.China has been provoked into speeding RMB 'internationalization ';that is,openingup domestic financial markets to reduce its dependence on the US dollar for invoicing trade and making international payments.However,despite rapid percentage growth in offshore financial markets in RMB,the Chinese authorities are essentially trapped into maintaining exchange controls(reinforced by financial repression in domestic interest rates) to avoid an avalanche of foreign capital inflows that would threaten inflation and asset price bubbles by driving nominal interest rates on RMB assets down further.Because a floating(appreciating) exchange rate could attract even more hot money inflows,the People's Bank of China should focus on keeping the yuan/dollar rate stable so as to encourage naturally high wage increases to help balance China 's international competitiveness.However,further internationalization of the RMB,as with the proposed Shanghai pilot free trade zone,is best deferred until world interest rates rise to more normal levels. | Ronald McKinnon Gunther Schnabl | 2014 | China & World Economy2014，22，3： | 17 |
| 3 | Fundamental principles of an effective reinforcing roof bolting strategy in horizontally layered roof strata and areas of potential improvement显示文摘It is arguable that the development of reinforcing roof bolting systems has largely stagnated in recent times, primarily due to the prevailing industry view that few, if any, further improvements can be made to what currently exists.However, this paper contends that reinforcing roof bolting systems can be further refined by considering both the specific manner by which horizontally bedded roof strata loses its natural self-supporting ability and the specific means by which reinforcing roof bolts act to promote or retain this natural self-supporting ability.The Australian coal industry has insisted on minimising bolt-hole diameter to maximise load transfer and on targeting full-encapsulation by any means necessary for many years.This has led to a significant, albeit unintended, consequence in terms of overall roof bolting effectiveness, namely increased resin pressures during bolt installation and the associated potential for opening bedding planes that may have, otherwise, remained closed during the bolt installation process.Given that the natural self-supporting ability of roof strata is strongly linked to whether bedding planes are open or closed, logically, minimising resin pressures should be a significant benefit.This paper focuses primarily on three key issues that relate directly to the function of the roof bolting system itself:(1) the importance of proper resin mixing in the context of maximising load transfer strength and stiffness,(2) the importance of minimising resin pressures developed during bolt installation, and(3) the importance of maximising the effectiveness of the available bolt pre-tension.All mine operators should be invested in improving the individual effectiveness of each installed roof bolt, even by relatively small incremental amounts, so this is an important topic for discussion within the mining community. | Russell Frith Guy Reed Martin McKinnon | 2018 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2018，28，1： | 7 |
| 4 | China’s financial conundrum and global imbalances显示文摘China’s financial conundrum arises from two sources: (1) its large trade (saving) surplus results in a currency mismatch because it is an immature creditor that cannot lend in its own currency. Instead foreign currency claims (largely dollars) build up within domestic financial institutions. And (2) economists – both American and Chinese – mistakenly attribute the surpluses to an undervalued renminbi. To placate the United States, the result is a gradual appreciation of the renminbi against the dollar of 6% or more per year. This predictable appreciation since 2004, and the fall in US interest rates since mid 2007, not only attracts hot money inflows but inhibits private capital outflows from financing China’s huge trade surplus. This one-way bet in the foreign exchange markets can no longer be offset by relatively low interest rates in China compared to the United States, as had been the case in 2005-06. Thus, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) now must intervene heavily to prevent the renminbi from ratcheting upwards – and so becomes the country’s sole international financial intermediary. Despite massive efforts by the PBOC to sterilize the monetary consequences of the reserve buildup, inflation in China is increasing, with excess liquidity that spills over into the world economy. China has been transformed from a deflationary force on American and European price levels into an inflationary one. Because of the currency mismatch, floating the RMB is neither feasible nor desirable – and a higher RMB would not reduce China’s trade surplus. Instead, monetary control and normal private-sector finance for the trade surplus require a return to a credibly fixed nominal yuan/dollar rate similar to that which existed between 1995 and 2004. But for any newly reset yuan/dollar rate to be credible as a monetary anchor, foreign 'China bashing' to get the RMB up must end. Currency stabilization would allow the PBOC to regain monetary control and quash inflation. Only then can the Chinese government take decisive steps to reduce the trade (saving) surplus by tax cuts, increased social expenditures, and higher dividend payouts. But as long as the economy remains overheated, the government hesitates to take these trade-surplus-reduction measures because of their near-term inflationary consequences. | Ronald Mckinnon Gunther Schnabl | 2009 | China Economist2009，4，4： | 7 |
| 5 | Strengthen the Environmental Sense of Local Community with PRA and MIGIS显示文摘It was widely recognized that rural development especially rural development in the poor areas is closely related with environment issue. It is also common bias that farmers in the poor areas lack of environmental awareness, and their production activities directly cause the environment degradation. The study has shown that with appropriate outside facilitation. a poor rural community can not only analyze its environmental problem, but can also make feasible planning to recover the problem. | CAI Kui, MA Huan-cheng, John McDinnon, Jack McConchie, Jean McKinnon (Yunnan Institute of Geography, Kunming 650092, China, Southwest Forestry College,Kunming 650092, China, 3. School of Earth Science, Wellington-Victoria University,Wellington, New Zeal | 2000 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2000，10，2： | 5 |
| 6 | Adjunctive MSCs enhance myelin formation by xenogenic oligodendrocyte precursors transplanted in the retina显示文摘 | Aileen Arriola Mary E Kiel Yufang Shi Randall D McKinnon | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，6： | 3 |
| 7 | Exchange Rate or Wage Changes in International Adjustment? Japan and China versus the United States显示文摘Under the world dollar standard, a discrete appreciation by a dollar creditor country of the UnitedStates, such as China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciationby the creditor country will slow its economic growth and eventually cause deflation but cannotcompensate for a saving-investment imbalance in the United States. Under a fixed exchange rate,however, differential adjustment in the rate of growth of money wages will more accurately reflectinternational differences in productivity growth. International competitiveness will be better balancedbetween high-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from 1950 to1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005, when the peripheral country’s dollar exchangerate is fixed so that its wage growth better reflects its higher productivity growth. The qualified casefor China moving toward greater flexibility in the form of a very narrow band for the yuan/dollarexchange rate, as a way of decentralizing foreign exchange transacting, is discussed. | Ronald McKinnon | 2005 | China & World Economy2005，13，5： | 3 |
| 8 | Forecasting the carbon footprint of road freight transport in 2020显示文摘 | Maja I. Piecyk Alan C. McKinnon | 2009 | International Journal of Production Economics2009，，1： | 2 |
| 9 | International overborrowing: A decomposition of credit and currency risks显示文摘 | Ronald I. McKinnon | 1998 | World Development1998，，7： | 2 |
| 10 | Outcomes analysis of delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia显示文摘 | Lodise TP Mckinnon PS Swiderski L | 2003 | Clin Infect Dis2003，36，： | 1 |
| 11 | Temporal assessment of candida risk factors in the surgical intensive care unit显示文摘 | Goff DA Kern JW | 2001 | Arch Surg2001，136，： | 1 |
| 12 | China's exchange rate appreciation in the light of Japanese experience显示文摘 | | 2006 | ZEW Discussion Paper2006，，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Fracture initiation,growth and effect on stress field:a numerical investigation显示文摘 | Barra I G | 1998 | J Struct Geol1998，20，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Histopathologic excision margin affects local recurrence rate:analysis of 2681 patients with melanomas显示文摘 | STARRITT E C SCOLYER R A | 2005 | Ann Surg2005，241，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Enzymic release of reducing sugars from oat hulls by cellulase, as influenced by Aspergillus ferulic acid esterase and Trichoderma Xylanase 显示文摘 | Yu P Mckinnon J J Maenz D D | 2003 | J Agric Food Chem2003，51，： | 1 |
| 16 | Contrast-enhanced,ultrafast 3D pulmonary MR angiography in a single breath-hold:initial assessment of imaging performance显示文摘 | Steiner P McKinnon GC Romanowski B | 1997 | J Magn Reson Imaging1997，7，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Characterization of benign and metastatic vertebral compression fractures with quantitative diffusion MR Imaging显示文摘 | Zhou XJ Leeds NE Mckinnon GC | 2002 | AJNR2002，23，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Temporal assessment of Candida risk factors in the surgical intensive care unit显示文摘 | McKinnon PS Goff DA Kern JW | 2001 | Arch Surg2001，36，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Optimum Currency Areas显示文摘 | MCKINNON R | 1963 | American Economic Review1963，53，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Chronic hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy显示文摘 | Mina John Corey B. Moore Ian R. James David Nolan Richard P. Upton Elizabeth J. McKinnon Simon A. Mallal | 2001 | AIDS2001，，6： | 1 |
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