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| 1 | Targeted Antimicrobial Therapy Against Streptococcus mutans Establishes Protective Non-cariogenic Oral Biofilms and Reduces Subsequent Infection显示文摘Aim Dental biofilms are complex communities composed largely of harmless bacteria. Certain pathogenic species including Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) can become predominant when host factors such as dietary sucrose intake imbalance the biofilm ecology. Current approaches to control S. mutans infection are not pathogen-specific and eliminate the entire oral community along with any protective benefits provided. Here, we tested the hypothesis that removal of S. mutans from the oral community through targeted antimicrobial therapy achieves protection against subsequent S. mutans colonization. Methodology Controlled amounts of S. mutans were mixed with S. mutans-free saliva, grown into biofilms and visualized by antibody staining and cfu quantization. Two specifically-targeted antimicrobial peptides (STAMPs) against S. mutans were tested for their ability to reduce S. mutans biofilm incorporation upon treatment of the inocula. The resulting biofilms were also evaluated for their ability to resist subsequent exogenous S. mutans colonization. Results S. mutans colonization was considerably reduced (9 ± 0.4 fold reduction, P=0.01) when the surface was preoccupied with saliva-derived biofilms. Furthermore, treatment with S. mutans-specific STAMPs yielded S. mutans-deficient biofilms with significant protection against further S. mutans colonization (5 minutes treatment: 38 ± 13 fold reduction P=0.01; 16 hours treatment: 96 ± 28 fold reduction P=0.07). Conclusion S. mutans infection is reduced by the pre- sence of existing biofilms. Thus maintaining a healthy or 'normal' biofilm through targeted antimicrobial therapy (such as the STAMPs) could represent an effective strategy for the treatment and prevention of S. mutans colonization in the oral cavity and caries progression. | Li-na Li Li-hong Guo Renate Lux Randal Eckert Daniel Yarbrough Jian He Maxwell Anderson Wen-yuan Shi | 2010 | International Journal of Oral Science2010，2，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Development and evaluation of a safe and effective sugar-free herbal lollipop that kills cavity-causing bacteria显示文摘Dental caries (tooth decay) is caused by a specific group of cariogenic bacteria, like Streptococcus mutans, which convert dietary sugars into acids that dissolve the mineral in tooth structure. Killing cariogenic bacteria is an effective way to control or prevent tooth decay. In a previous study, we discovered a novel compound (Glycyrrhizol A), from the extraction of licorice roots, with strong antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. In the current study, we developed a method to produce these specific herbal extracts in large quantities, and then used these extracts to develop a sugar-free lollipop that effectively kills cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. Further studies showed that these sugar-free lollipops are safe and their antimicrobial activity is stable. Two pilot human studies indicate that a brief application of these lollipops (twice a day for ten days) led to a marked reduction of cariogenic bacteria in oral cavity among most human subjects tested. This herbal lollipop could be a novel tool to promote oral health through functional foods. | Chu-hong Hu Jian He Randal Eckert Xiao-yang Wu Li-na Li Yan Tian Renate Lux Justin A. Shuffer Faina Gelman Janet Mentes Sue Spackman Janet Bauer Maxwell H. Anderson Wen-yuan Shi | 2011 | International Journal of Oral Science2011，3，1： | 3 |
| 3 | 显示文摘 | Maxwell AJ Anderson BE Cooke JP | 2000 | Vasc Med2000，5，： | 1 |
| 4 | Haematology and histopathology of seven-week-old broilers after early food restriction显示文摘 | Maxwell M H Robertson G W Anderson I A | 1991 | Res Vet Sci1991，50，： | 1 |
| 5 | Ectopic cartilaginous and osseous lung nodules induced in the young broiler by inadequate ventilation显示文摘 | Maxwell M H Dick L A Anderson 1 A et a1 | 1989 | Avian Pathol1989，18，： | 1 |
| 6 | Nutritional therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled,randomized trial of HeartBar显示文摘 | Maxwell AJ Anderson BE Cooke JP | 2000 | Vasc Med2000，5，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Stress reduction programs in patients with elevated blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | Maxwell V. Rainforth Robert H. Schneider Sanford I. Nidich Carolyn Gaylord-King John W. Salerno James W. Anderson | 2007 | Current Hypertension Reports2007，，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Enzymatic synthesis of 4-13C-labeled uridine diphosphoglucose, galactose-1-phosphate, and uridine diphosphogalactose显示文摘 | Anderson E P Maxwell E S Burton R M | 1959 | J Am Chem Soc1959，81，： | 1 |
| 9 | Loss of STAT6 promotes autoimmune disease and atopy on a susceptible genetic background显示文摘 | Maverick Lau Evelyn Tsantikos Mhairi J. Maxwell David M. Tarlinton Gary P. Anderson Margaret L. Hibbs | 2012 | Journal of Autoimmunity2012，，4： | 1 |
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