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| 1 | Irritable bowel syndrome: a disease still searching for pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is the most frequently diagnosed functional gastrointestinal disorder in primary and secondary care. It is characterised by abdominal discomfort, pain and changes in bowel habits that can have a serious impact on the patient's quality of life. The pathophysiology of IBS is not yet completely clear. Genetic, immune, environmental, inflammatory, neurological and psychological factors, in addition to visceral hypersensitivity, can all play an important role, one that most likely involves the complex interactions between the gut and the brain(gut-brain axis). The diagnosis of IBS can only be made on the basis of the symptoms of the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Because the probability of organic disease in patients fulfilling the IBS criteria is very low, a careful medical history is critical and should pay particular attention to the possible comorbidities.Nevertheless, the severity of the patient's symptoms or concerns sometimes compels the physician to perform useless and/or expensive diagnostic tests, transforming IBS into a diagnosis of exclusion. The presence of alarming symptoms(fever, weight loss, rectal bleeding, significant changes in blood chemistry), the presence of palpable abdominal masses, any recent onset of symptoms in patient aged over 50 years, the presence of symptoms at night, and a familial history of celiac disease, colorectal cancer and/or inflammatory bowel diseases all warrant investigation. Treatment strategies are based on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the degree of functional impairment of the bowel habits, and the presence of psychosocial disorders. This review examines and discusses the pathophysiological aspects and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches available for patients with symptoms possibly related to IBS, pointing out controversial issues and the strengths and weaknesses of the current knowledge. | Massimo Bellini Dario Gambaccini Cristina Stasi Maria Teresa Urbano Santino Marchi Paolo Usai-Satta | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 37 |
| 2 | Esophageal motility abnormalities in gastroesophageal reflux disease显示文摘Esophageal motility abnormalities are among the main factors implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The recent introduction in clinical and research practice of novel esophageal testing has markedly improved our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease, allowing a better management of patients with this disorder. In this context, the present article intends to provide an overview of the current literature about esophageal motility dysfunctions in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Esophageal manometry, by recording intraluminal pressure, represents the gold standard to diagnose esophagealmotility abnormalities. In particular, using novel techniques, such as high resolution manometry with or without concurrent intraluminal impedance monitoring, transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxations, hypotensive LES, ineffective esophageal peristalsis and bolus transit abnormalities have been better defined and strongly implicated in gastroesophageal reflux disease development. Overall, recent findings suggest that esophageal motility abnormalities are increasingly prevalent with increasing severity of reflux disease, from nonerosive reflux disease to erosive reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus. Characterizing esophageal dysmotility among different subgroups of patients with reflux disease may represent a fundamental approach to properly diagnose these patients and, thus, to set up the best therapeutic management. Currently, surgery represents the only reliable way to restore the esophagogastric junction integrity and to reduce transient LES relaxations that are considered to be the predominant mechanism by which gastric contents can enter the esophagus. On that ground, more in depth future studies assessing the pathogenetic role of dysmotility in patients with reflux disease are warranted. | Irene Martinucci Nicola de Bortoli Maria Giacchino Giorgia Bodini Elisa Marabotto Santino Marchi Vincenzo Savarino Edoardo Savarino | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2014，5，2： | 24 |
| 3 | Evaluation of latent links between irritable bowel syndrome and sleep quality显示文摘AIM:To examine the links between quality of sleep and the severity of intestinal symptoms in irritable bow-el syndrome(IBS).METHODS:One hundred and forty-two outpatients(110female,32 male)who met the Rome Ⅲ criteria for IBS with no psychiatric comorbidity were consecutively en-rolled in this study.Data on age,body mass index(BMI),and a set of life-habit variables were recorded,and IBS symptoms and sleep quality were evaluated using the questionnaires IBS Symptom Severity Score(IBS-SSS)and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).The associa-tion between severity of IBS and sleep disturbances was evaluated by comparing the global IBS-SSS and PSQI score(Pearson's correlation and Fisher's exact test)and then analyzing the individual items of the IBS-SSS and PSQI questionnaires by a unitary bowel-sleep model based on item response theory(IRT).RESULTS:IBS-SSS ranged from mild to severe(120-470).The global PSQI score ranged from 1 to 17(median 5),and 60 patients were found to be poor sleepers(PSQI>5).The correlation between the global IBS-SSS and PSQI score indicated a weak association(r=0.2 and 95% CI:-0.03 to 0.35,P<0.05),which becomes stronger using our unitary model.Indeed,the IBS and sleep disturbances severities,estimated as latent variables,resulted significantly high intra-subject cor-relation(posterior mean of r=0.45 and 95% CI:0.17 to 0.70,P<0.05).Moreover,the correlations between patient features(age,sex,BMI,daily coffee and alcohol intake)and IBS and sleep disturbances were also ana-lyzed through our unitary model.Age was a signif icant regressor,with patients≤50 years old showing more severe bowel disturbances(posterior mean=-0.38,P<0.05)and less severe sleep disturbances(posterior mean=0.49,P<0.05)than older patients.Higher daily coffee intake was correlated with a lower sever-ity of bowel disturbances(posterior mean=-0.31,P<0.05).Sex(female)and daily alcohol intake(modest)were correlated with less severe sleep disturbances.CONCLUSION:The unitary bowel-sleep model based on IRT revealed a strong positive correlation between the severity of IBS symptoms and sleep disturbances. | Massimo Bellini Angelo Gemignani Dario Gambaccini Simona Toti Danilo Menicucci Cristina Stasi Francesco Costa Maria Gloria Mumolo Angelo Ricchiuti Remo Bedini Nicola de Bortoli Santino Marchi | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，46： | 17 |
| 4 | Hemodynamic monitoring during liver transplantation:A state of the art review显示文摘Orthotopic liver transplantation can be marked by significant hemodynamic instability requiring the use of a variety of hemodynamic monitors to aide in intraoperative management. Invasive blood pressure monitoring is essential,but the accuracy of peripheral readings in comparison to central measurements has been questioned. When discrepancies exist,central mean arterial pressure,usually measured at the femoral artery,is considered more indicative of adequateperfusion than those measured peripherally. The traditional pulmonary artery catheter is less frequently used due to its invasive nature and known limitations in measuring preload but still plays an important role in measuring cardiac output(CO) when required and in the management of portopulmonary hypertension. Pulse wave analysis is a newer technology that uses computer algorithms to calculate CO,stroke volume variation(SVV) and pulse pressure variation(PPV). Although SVV and PPV have been found to be accurate predicators of fluid responsiveness,CO measurements are not reliable during liver transplantation. Transesophageal echocardiography is finding an increasing role in the realtime monitoring of preload status,cardiac contractility and the diagnosis of a variety of pathologies. It is limited by the expertise required,limited transgastric views during key portions of the operation,the potential for esophageal varix rupture and difficulty in obtaining quantitative measures of CO in the absence of tricuspid regurgitation. | Mona Rezai Rudnick Lorenzo De Marchi Jeffrey S Plotkin | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，10： | 15 |
| 5 | How many cases of laryngopharyngeal reflux suspected by laryngoscopy are gastroesophageal reflux disease-related?显示文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in patients with a laryngoscopic diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR).METHODS:Between May 2011 and October 2011,41 consecutive patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms(LPS) and laryngoscopic diagnosis of LPR were empirically treated with proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) for at least 8 wk,and the therapeutic outcome was assessed through validated questionnaires(GERD impact scale,GIS;visual analogue scale,VAS).LPR diagnosis was performed by ear,nose and throat specialists using the reflux finding score(RFS) and reflux symptom index(RSI).After a 16-d wash-out from PPIs,all patients underwent an upper endoscopy,stationary esophageal manometry,24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH(MII-pH) esophageal monitoring.A positive correlation between LPR diagnosis and GERD was supposed based on the presence of esophagitis(ERD),pathological acid exposure time(AET) in the absence of esophageal erosions(NERD),and a positive correlation between symptoms and refluxes(hypersensitive esophagus,HE).RESULTS:The male/female ratio was 0.52(14/27),the mean age ± SD was 51.5 ± 12.7 years,and the mean body mass index was 25.7 ± 3.4 kg/m 2.All subjects reported one or more LPS.Twenty-five out of 41 patients also had typical GERD symptoms(heartburn and/or regurgitation).The most frequent laryngoscopic findings were posterior laryngeal hyperemia(38/41),linear indentation in the medial edge of the vocal fold(31/41),vocal fold nodules(6/41) and diffuse infraglottic oedema(25/41).The GIS analysis showed that 10/41 patients reported symptom relief with PPI therapy(P < 0.05);conversely,23/41 did not report any clinical improvement.At the same time,the VAS analysis showed a significant reduction in typical GERD symptoms after PPI therapy(P < 0.001).A significant reduction in LPS symptoms.On the other hand,such result was not recorded for LPS.Esophagitis was detected in 2/41 patients,and ineffective esophageal motility was found in 3/41 patients.The MII-pH analysis showed an abnormal AET in 5/41 patients(2 ERD and 3 NERD);11/41 patients had a normal AET and a positive association between symptoms and refluxes(HE),and 25/41 patients had a normal AET and a negative association between symptoms and refluxes(no GERD patients).It is noteworthy that HE patients had a positive association with typical GERD-related symptoms.Gas refluxes were found more frequently in patients with globus(29.7 ± 3.6) and hoarseness(21.5 ± 7.4) than in patients with heartburn or regurgitation(7.8 ± 6.2).Gas refluxes were positively associated with extraesophageal symptoms(P < 0.05).Overall,no differences were found among the three groups of patients in terms of the frequency of laryngeal signs.The proximal reflux was abnormal in patients with ERD/NERD only.The differences observed by means of MII-pH analysis among the three subgroups of patients(ERD/NERD,HE,no GERD) were not demonstrated with the RSI and RFS.Moreover,only the number of gas refluxes was found to have a significant association with the RFS(P = 0.028 andP = 0.026,nominal and numerical correlation,respectively).CONCLUSION:MII-pH analysis confirmed GERD diagnosis in less than 40% of patients with previous diagnosis of LPR,most likely because of the low specificity of the laryngoscopic findings. | Nicola de Bortoli Andrea Nacci Edoardo Savarino Irene Martinucci Massimo Bellini Bruno Fattori Linda Ceccarelli Francesco Costa Maria Gloria Mumolo Angelo Ricchiuti Vincenzo Savarino Stefano Berrettini Santino Marchi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 11 |
| 6 | Modulation of the matrix redox signaling by mitochondrial Ca^(2+)显示文摘Mitochondria sense,shape and integrate signals,and thus function as central players in cellular signal transduction. Ca2+ waves and redox reactions are two such intracellular signals modulated by mitochondria. Mitochondrial Ca2+ transport is of utmost physio-pathological relevance with a strong impact on metabolism and cell fate. Despite its importance,the molecular nature of the proteins involvedin mitochondrial Ca2+ transport has been revealed only recently. Mitochondrial Ca2+ promotes energy metabolism through the activation of matrix dehydrogenases and downstream stimulation of the respiratory chain. These changes also alter the mitochondrial NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratio,but at the same time will increase reactive oxygen species(ROS) production. Reducing equivalents and ROS are having opposite effects on the mitochondrial redox state,which are hard to dissect. With the recent development of genetically encoded mitochondrial-targeted redoxsensitive sensors,real-time monitoring of matrix thiol redox dynamics has become possible. The discoveries of the molecular nature of mitochondrial transporters of Ca2+ combined with the utilization of the novel redox sensors is shedding light on the complex relation between mitochondrial Ca2+ and redox signals and their impact on cell function. In this review,we describe mitochondrial Ca2+ handling,focusing on a number of newly identified proteins involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release. We further discuss our recent findings,revealing how mitochondrial Ca2+ influences the matrix redox state. As a result,mitochondrial Ca2+ is able to modulate the many mitochondrial redox-regulated processes linked to normal physiology and disease. | Jaime Santo-Domingo Andreas Wiederkehr Umberto De Marchi | 2015 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2015，6，4： | 11 |
| 7 | Overlap of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘Several studies indicate a significant degree of overlap between irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Likewise,both functional heartburn(FH)and IBS are functional digestive disorders that may occur in the same patients.However,data establishing a solid link between FH and IBS are lacking,mainly because the clinical definition of FH has undergone substantial changes over the years.The available literature on the overlap between GERD or FH and IBS highlights considerable heterogeneity in terms of the criteria and diagnostic procedures used to assess heartburn and IBS.In particular,several epidemiological studies included patients with concomitant IBS and GERD without any attempt to distinguish FH(as defined by the RomeⅢcriteria)from GERD via pathophysiological investigations.Independent of these critical issues,there is preliminary evidence supporting a significantdegree of FH-IBS overlap.This underscores the need for studies based on updated diagnostic criteria and accurate pathophysiological classifications,particularly to distinguish FH from GERD.This distinction would represent an essential starting point to achieving a better understanding of pathophysiology in the subclasses of patients with GERD and FH and properly assessing the different degrees of overlap between IBS and the subcategories of heartburn.The present review article intends to appraise and critically discuss current evidence supporting a possible concomitance of GERD or FH with IBS in the same patients and to highlight the pathophysiological relationships between these disorders. | Nicola de Bortoli Irene Martinucci Massimo Bellini Edoardo Savarino Vincenzo Savarino Corrado Blandizzi Santino Marchi | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，35： | 9 |
| 8 | Esophageal testing: What we have so far显示文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. In the last few decades, new technologies have evolved and have been applied to the functional study of the esophagus, allowing for the improvement of our knowledge of the pathophysiology of GERD. High-resolution manometry(HRM) permits greater understanding of the function of the esophagogastric junction and the risks associated with hiatal hernia. Moreover, HRM has been found to be more reproducible and sensitive than conventional water-perfused manometry to detect the presence of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Esophageal 24-h p H-metry with or without combined impedance is usually performed in patients with negative endoscopy and reflux symptoms who have a poor response to anti-reflux medical therapy to assess esophageal acid exposure and symptom-reflux correlations. In particular, esophageal 24-h impedance and p H monitoring can detect acid and non-acid reflux events. Endo FLIP is a recent technique poorly applied in clinical practice, although it provides a large amount of information about the esophagogastric junction. In the coming years, laryngopharyngeal symptoms could be evaluated with up and coming non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques, such as pepsin detection in saliva or pharyngeal p H-metry. Future studies are required of these techniques to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy and usefulness, although the available data are promising. | Nicola de Bortoli Irene Martinucci Lorenzo Bertani Salvatore Russo Riccardo Franchi Manuele Furnari Salvatore Tolone Giorgia Bodini Valeria Bolognesi Massimo Bellini Vincenzo Savarino Santino Marchi Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2016，7，1： | 8 |
| 9 | Hepatitis C virus infection and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and diabetes mellitus are two major public health problems that cause devastating health and financial burdens worldwide. Diabetes can be classified into two major types: type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) and T2 DM. T2 DM is a common endocrine disorder that encompasses multifactorial mechanisms, and T1 DM is an immunologically mediated disease. Many epidemiological studies have shown an association between T2 DM and chronic hepatitis C(CHC) infection. The processes through which CHC is associated with T2 DM seem to involve direct viral effects, insulin resistance, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other immunemediated mechanisms. Few data have been reported on the association of CHC and T1 DM and reports on the potential association between T1 DM and acute HCV infection are even rarer. A small number of studies indicate that interferon-α therapy can stimulate pancreatic autoim-munity and in certain cases lead to the development of T1 DM. Diabetes and CHC have important interactions. Diabetic CHC patients have an increased risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma compared with nondiabetic CHC subjects. However, clinical trials on HCV-positive patients have reported improvements in glucose metabolism after antiviral treatment. Further studies are needed to improve prevention policies and to foster adequate and cost-effec-tive programmes for the surveillance and treatment of diabetic CHC patients. | Alessandro Antonelli Silvia Martina Ferrari Dilia Giuggioli Andrea Di Domenicantonio Ilaria Ruffilli Alda Corrado Silvia Fabiani Santino Marchi Clodoveo Ferri Ele Ferrannini Poupak Fallahi | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，5： | 7 |
| 10 | 基因组学在基因组计划中的作用显示文摘导论科研人员正在为确定基因组研究的应用途径作着巨大努力。人类基因组计划(HGP)的诞生导致了对人类基因结构和功能的理解[1]。在20世纪末期,生命科学的主要焦点就是要解译和确定人类整个基因组的成分。对构成细胞活动基础的基因组DNA的理解,将有助于对各... | Elaine Marchi 钟南 | 1999 | 生命的化学1999，19，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Hypertension and chronic ethanol consumption: What do we know after a century of study?显示文摘The influences of life habits on the cardiovascularsystem may have important implications for publichealth, as cardiovascular diseases are among the lead-ing causes of shorter life expectancy worldwide. A linkbetween excessive ethyl alcohol(ethanol) consumptionand arterial hypertension was first suggested early lastcentury. Since then, this proposition has received con-siderable attention. Support for the concept of ethanolas a cause of hypertension derives from several epi-demiologic studies demonstrating that in the generalpopulation, increased blood pressure is significantlycorrelated with ethanol consumption. Although thelink between ethanol consumption and hypertension iswell established, the mechanism through which etha-nol increases blood pressure remains elusive. Possiblemechanisms underlying ethanol-induced hypertensionwere proposed based on clinical and experimental ob-servations. These mechanisms include an increase insympathetic nervous system activity, stimulation of therenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, an increase of intracellular Ca2+ in vascular smooth muscle, increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. The pres-ent report reviews the relationship between ethanol intake and hypertension and highlights some mecha-nisms underlying this response. These issues are of interest for the public health, as ethanol consumption contributes to blood pressure elevation in the population. | Katia Colombo Marchi Jaqueline Jóice Muniz Carlos Renato Tirapelli | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，5： | 5 |
| 12 | Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation: Fact and fiction显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and functional constipation(FC) are the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. According to the Rome ⅢCriteria these two disorders should be theoretically separated mainly by the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort relieved by defecation(typical of IBS) and they should be mutually exclusive. However,many gastroenterologists have serious doubts as regards a clear separation. Both IBS-C and FC,often associated with many other functional digestive and non digestive disorders,are responsible for a low quality of life. The impact of the media on patients' perception of these topics is sometimes disruptive,often suggesting a distorted view of pathophysiology,diagnosis and therapy. These messages frequently overlap with previous subjective opinions and are further processed on the basis of the different culture and the previous experience of the constipated patients,often producing odd,useless or even dangerous behaviors. The aim of this review was to analyze the most common patients' beliefs about IBS-C and CC,helping physicians to understand where they should focus their attention when communicating with patients,detecting false opinions and misconceptions and correcting them on the basis of scientific evidence. | Massimo Bellini Dario Gambaccini Paolo Usai-Satta Nicola De Bortoli Lorenzo Bertani Santino Marchi Cristina Stasi | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，40： | 4 |
| 13 | Nonlinear versus linearised model on stand density model fitting and stand density index calculation: analysis of coefficients estimation via simulation显示文摘The stand density index,one of the most important metrics for managing site occupancy,is generally calculated from empirical data by means of a coefficient derived from the“self-thinning rule”or stand density model.I undertook an exploratory analysis of model fitting based on simulated data.I discuss the use of the logarithmic transformation(i.e.,linearisation)of the relationship between the total number of trees per hectare(N)and the quadratic mean diameter of the stand(QMD).I compare the classic method used by Reineke(J Agric Res 46:627–638,1933),i.e.,linear OLS model fitting after logarithmic transformation of data,with the“pure”powerlaw model,which represents the native mathematical structure of this relationship.I evaluated the results according to the correlation between N and QMD.Linear OLS and nonlinear fitting agreed in the estimation of coefficients only for highly correlated(between-1 and-0.85)or poorly correlated([-0.39)datasets.At average correlation values(i.e.,between-0.75 and-0.4),it is probable that for practical applications,the differences were relevant,especially concerning the key coefficient for Reineke’s stand density index calculation.This introduced a non-negligible bias in SDI calculation.The linearised log–log model always estimated a lower slope term than did the exponent of the nonlinear function except at the extremes of the correlation range.While the logarithmic transformation is mathematically correct and always equivalent to a nonlinear model in case of prediction of the dependent variable,the difference detected in my studies between the two methods(i.e.,coefficient estimation)was directly related to the correlation between N and QMD in each simulated/disturbed dataset.In general,given the power law as the“natural”structure of the N versus QMD relationship,the nonlinear model is preferred,with a logarithmic transformation used only in the case of violation of parametric assumptions(e.g.data distributed non-normally). | Maurizio Marchi | 2019 | Journal of Forestry Research2019，30，5： | 3 |
| 14 | Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in inactive systemic lupus erythematosus: An unusual finding显示文摘Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is an infre-quent complication of an active systemic lupus erythema-tosus (SLE). We illustrate a case of SLE inactive-related CIP. A 51-year old female with inactive SLE (ECLAM score 2) was hospitalized with postprandial fullness, vomiting, abdominal bloating and abdominal pain. She had had no bowel movements for five days. Plain abdominal X-ray revealed multiple fluid levels and dilated small and large bowel loops with air-fluid levels. Intestinal contrast radiology detected dilated loops. CIP was diagnosed. The patient was treated with prokinetics, octreotide, claritromycin, rifaximin, azathioprine and tegaserod without any clinical improvement. Then methylprednisolone (500 mg iv daily) was started. After the first administration, the patient showed peristaltic movements. A bowel movement was reported after the second administration. A plain abdominal X-ray revealed no air-fluid levels. Steroid therapy was slowly reduced with complete resolution of the symptoms. The patient is still in a good clinical condition. SLE-related CIP is generally reported as a complication of an active disease. In our case, CIP was the only clinical demonstration of the SLE. | Giulia Leonardi Nicola de Bortoli Massimo Bellini Maria Gloria Mumolo Francesco Costa Angelo Ricchiuti Stefano Bombardieri Santino Marchi | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2010，1，6： | 3 |
| 15 | Past,present and future of industrial plantation forestry and implication on future timber harvesting technology显示文摘Plantation forests are established,and expanding,to satisfy increasing global demand for timber products.Shifting societal values,such as safety,productivity,environmental,quality and social are influencing the plantation forestry sector.This is primarily driven through an ever increasing world population,which in turn influences the way nations view the value systems by which they live.More people require more resources-also forest products.Also,the availability of information is influencing the pace of technological development.These changes could result in a difference in the management of plantations that could affect the forest engineering systems of the future.This review aimed to summarize the current status of plantation forests;summarize future developments and possible scenarios in forest plantation management for the various products;and assess whether these developments in a plantation environment could affect the harvesting systems used.Factors influencing the form of plantations include the type and nature of the plantation owner;the change in demand for different and new forest products;climate change factors,including the use of biomass for energy,carbon sequestration and trading;ecosystem services and other products and services;and sustainability certification of forest management.The impact and influence of these factors were summarised into a series of key drivers that will influence the technology used in harvesting machines,as well as the choice of harvesting machines,systems and methods.These drivers were the effect of variations in tree size,the expansion of plantation areas onto more difficult terrain,diversity in plantation design,increased attention towards site impacts and the increased use of biomass for energy.Specific information is provided regarding how the harvesting systems could be affected. | Andrew McEwan Enrico Marchi Raffaele Spinelli Michal Brink | 2020 | Journal of Forestry Research2020，31，2： | 3 |
| 16 | Clinical epidemiology of chronic viral hepatitis B:A Tuscany real-world large-scale cohort study显示文摘AIM To build a regional database of chronic patients to define the clinical epidemiology of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-infected patients in the Tuscan public health care system.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional cohort design. We evaluated chronic viral hepatitis patients with HBV referred to the outpatient services of 16 hospital units. Information in the case report forms included main demographic data, blood chemistry data, viral hepatitis markers, instrumental evaluations, and eligibility for treatment or ongoing therapy and liver transplantation. RESULTS Of 4015 chronic viral hepatitis patients, 1096(27.3%) were HBV infected. The case report form was correctly completed for only 833 patients(64% males, 36% females; mean age 50.1 ± 15.4). Of these HBV-infected patients, 73% were Caucasian, 21% Asian, 4% Central African, 1% North African and 1% American. Stratifying patients by age and nationality, we found that 21.7% of HBV-infected patients were aged < 34 years(only 2.8% were Italian). The most represented routes of transmission were nosocomial/dental procedures(23%), mother-to-child(17%) and sexual transmission(12%). The most represented HBV genotypes were D(72%) and A(14%). Of the patients, 24.7% of patients were HBe Ag positive, and 75.3% were HBe Ag negative. Of the HBV patients 7% were anti-HDV positive. In the whole cohort, 26.9% were cirrhotic(35.8% aged < 45 years), and 47% were eligible for or currently undergoing treatment, of whom 41.9 % were cirrhotic. CONCLUSION Only 27.3% of chronic viral hepatitis patients were HBV infected. Our results provide evidence of HBV infection in people aged < 34 years, especially in the foreign population not protected by vaccination. In our cohort of patients, liver cirrhosis was also found in young adults. | Cristina Stasi Caterina Silvestri Roberto Berni Maurizia Rossana Brunetto Anna Linda Zignego Cristina Orsini Stefano Milani Liana Ricciardi Andrea De Luca Pierluigi Blanc Cesira Nencioni Donatella Aquilini Alessandro Bartoloni Giampaolo Bresci Santino Marchi Franco Filipponi Piero Colombatto Paolo Forte Andrea Galli Sauro Luchi Silvia Chigiotti Alessandro Nerli Giampaolo Corti Rodolfo Sacco Paola Carrai Angelo Ricchiuti Massimo Giusti Paolo Almi Andrea Cozzi Silvia Carloppi Giacomo Laffi Fabio Voller Francesco Cipriani | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，5： | 3 |
| 17 | Pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients ≥ 75 years of age:Are there any differences with other age ranges in oncological and surgical outcomes? Results from a tertiary referral center显示文摘AIM To compare surgical and oncological outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) in patients ≥ 75 years of age with two younger cohorts of patients. METHODS The prospectively maintained Institutional database of pancreatic resection was queried for patients aged ≥ 75 years(late elderly, LE) submitted to PD for any disease from January 2010 to June 2015. We compared clinical, demographic and pathological features and survival outcomes of LE patients with 2 exact matched cohorts of younger patients [≥ 40 to 64 years of age(adults, A) and ≥ 65 to 74 years of age(young elderly, YE)] submitted to PD, according to selected variables. RESULTS The final LE population, as well as the control groups, were made of 96 subjects. Up to 71% of patients was operated on for a periampullary malignancy and pancreatic cancer(PDAC) accounted for 79% of them. Intraoperative data(estimated blood loss and duration of surgery) did not differ among the groups. The overall complication rate was 65.6%, 61.5% and 58.3% for LE, YE and A patients, respectively, P = NS). Reoperation and cardiovascular complications were significantly more frequent in LE than in YE and A groups(P = 0.003 and P = 0.019, respectively). When considering either all malignancies and PDAC only, the three groups did not differ in survival. Considering all benign diseases, the estimated mean survival was 58 and 78 mo for ≥ and < 75 years of age(YE + A groups), respectively(P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Age is not a contraindication for PD. A careful selection of LE patients allows to obtain good surgical and oncological results. | Salvatore Paiella Matteo De Pastena Tommaso Pollini Giovanni Zancan Debora Ciprani Giulia De Marchi Luca Landoni Alessandro Esposito Luca Casetti Giuseppe Malleo Giovanni Marchegiani Massimiliano Tuveri Enrico Marrano Laura Maggino Erica Secchettin Deborah Bonamini Claudio Bassi Roberto Salvia | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，17： | 2 |
| 18 | Protein Domains Involved in Assembly in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Promote Vacuolar Delivery when Fused to Secretory GFP, Indicating a Protein Quality Control Pathway for Degradation in the Plant Vacuole显示文摘正确合拢和最新综合的能分泌的蛋白质的汇编被 endoplasmic 蜂窝胃的蛋白质质量控制系统监视(嗯) 。通过和象有约束力的蛋白质(BiP ) 和另外的合拢的助手那样的女伴的相互作用,质量控制赞成为降级有缺陷者蛋白质的高效的合拢和种类。为在酵母,植物,和动物识别的质量控制降级的一条主要线路被 ubiquitin/proteasome 系统,而是选择被 retrotranslocation 从 ER 组成到 cytosol 和随后的处理包含液泡的线路在酵母被识别了。在这研究,我们学习了 sGFP418 的命运,在 GFP 和涉及 phaseolin 的正确汇编并且在 unassembled 子单元的 BiP 识别的 vacuolar 蛋白质 phaseolin 的域的一种能分泌的形式之间的熔化。我们证明尽管有缺乏排序信号的 phaseolin vacuolar, sGFP418 被送到液泡并且碎裂,在被能分泌的交通禁止者 brefeldin A 禁止的一个过程。而且,在 GFP 之间的熔化和涉及玉米朊聚合的玉米存储蛋白质玉米朊的一个领域也经历类似于 sGFP418 的 translational 以后破碎。这些结果证明有通常涉及 oligomerization 的永久地暴露的序列的有缺点的能分泌的蛋白质能被能分泌的交通送到液泡。这强烈建议排序奉献给有缺点的能分泌的蛋白质的处理的机制的植物 vacuolar 的存在。 | Ombretta Foresti Francesca De Marchis Maddalena de Virgilio Eva M. Klein Sergio Arcioni Michele Bellucci Alessandro Vitale | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，6： | 2 |
| 19 | Effects of Composite β- and κ-Casein Genotypes on Milk Coagulation, Quality, and Yield Traits in Italian Holstein Cows显示文摘 | A. Comin M. Cassandro S. Chessa M. Ojala R. Dal Zotto M. De Marchi P. Carnier L. Gallo G. Pagnacco G. Bittante | 2008 | Journal of Dairy Science2008，，10： | 2 |
| 20 | Gastrointestinal manifestations in myotonic muscular dystrophy显示文摘Myotonic (MD ) 被肌强直的现象和进步肌肉发达的软弱描绘。胃肠道的参与是经常的并且可以发生在任何水平。临床的表明以前被归因于改变的平滑肌损坏,而是 histologic 证据引起的活动性混乱少见、冲突。一个神经因素也被假设了。,在更低的道在上面的消化道,咽下困难,心痛,流回和消化不良是最普通的抱怨,腹的疼痛,膨胀并且在肠习惯的变化经常被报导。消化症状可以是营养不良的疾病的第一症状并且可以先于肌与骨的特征。胃肠的功能的缺陷可能有时是那么渐渐的病人与症状的很少了解适应它。不在内视镜的如此的情况常规和 ultrasonographic 评估是足够、指向的技术(胃电描记法,测压法,肌电描记法,功能的 ultrasonography, scintigraphy,等等) 被需要。而与骨胳的肌肉疾病的持续时间的积极关联被报导了,在胃肠的骚乱的骨胳的肌肉参与和存在和严厉的度之间有低关联。这些药为对待象专业版那样的胃肠的抱怨推荐了运动的、反消化不良的药和 laxatives,主要针对改正活动性混乱。自从许多重要问题仍然是未解决的,在 MD 的胃肠的参与仍然是一个复杂、吸引人的条件。专注于基因方面,早诊断的技术和新治疗学的策略的发展的进一步的研究被需要改进我们 MD 的胃肠的表明的管理。 | Massimo Bellini Sonia Biagi Cristina Stasi Francesco Costa Maria Gloria Mumolo Angelo Ricchiuti Santino Marchi | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，12： | 2 |
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