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| 1 | Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer显示文摘Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11^(th) most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6%(ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease. | Milena Ilic Irena Ilic | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，44： | 95 |
| 2 | Epidemiology of stomach cancer显示文摘Despite a decline in incidence and mortality during the last decades,stomach cancer is one of the main health challenges worldwide.According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates,stomach cancer caused approximately 800000 deaths(accounting for 7.7%of all cancer deaths),and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders combined.About 1.1 million new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed in 2020(accounting for 5.6%of all cancer cases).About 75%of all new cases and all deaths from stomach cancer are reported in Asia.Stomach cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors,with a five-year survival rate of around 20%.There are some well-established risk factors for stomach cancer:Helicobacter pylori infection,dietary factors,tobacco,obesity,and radiation.To date,the most important way of preventing stomach cancer is reduced exposure to risk factors,as well as screening and early detection.Further research on risk factors can help identify various opportunities for more effective prevention.Screening programs for stomach cancer have been implemented in a few countries,either as a national or opportunistic screening of high-risk individuals only.Generally,due to its high aggressiveness and heterogeneity,stomach cancer still remains a severe global health problem. | Milena Ilic Irena Ilic | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，12： | 24 |
| 3 | Feasibility and safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation in patients with chronic liver disease on the waiting list for liver transplantation. METHODS: Ten patients (eight males) with chronic liver disease were enrolled to receive infusion of autologous bone marrow-derived cells. Seven patients were classified as Child-Pugh B and three as Child-Pugh C. Baseline assessment included complete clinical and laboratory evaluation and abdominal MRI. Approximately 50 ml of bone marrow aspirate was prepared by centrifugation in a ficoll-hypaque gradient. At least of 100 millions of mononuclear-enriched BMCs were infused into the hepatic artery using the routine technique for arterial chemoembolization for liver tumors. Patients were followed up for adverse events up to 4 mo. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 52 years (range 24-70 years). All patients were discharged 48 h after BMC infusion. Two patients complained ofmild pain at the bone marrow needle puncture site. No other complications or specific side effects related to the procedure were observed. Bilirubin levels were lower at 1 (2.19 ± 0.9) and 4 mo (2.10 ± 1.0) after cell transplantation that baseline levels (2.78 ± 1.2). Albumin levels 4 mo after BMC infusion (3.73 ± 0.5) were higher than baseline levels (3.47 ± 0.5). International normalized ratio (INR) decreased from 1.48 (SD = 0.23) to 1.43 (SD = 0.23) one month after cell transplantation. CONCLUSION: BMC infusion into hepatic artery of patients with advanced chronic liver disease is safe and feasible. In addition, a decrease in mean serum bilirubin and INR levels and an increase in albumin levels are observed. Our data warrant further studies in order to evaluate the effect of BMC transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. | Andre Castro lyra Milena Botelho Pereira Soares luiz Flavio Maia da Silva Marcos Fraga Fortes André Goyanna Pinheiro Silva Augusto César de Andrade Mota Sheilla A Oliveira Eduardo lorens Braga Wilson Andrade de Carvalho Bernd Genser Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos luiz Guilherme Costa lyra | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，7： | 21 |
| 4 | Secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines by mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘According to the minimal criteria of the International Society of Cellular Therapy, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are a population of undifferentiated cells defined by their ability to adhere to plastic surfaces when cultured under standard conditions, express a certain panel of phenotypic markers and can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages when cultured in specific inducing media. In parallel with their major role as undifferentiated cell reserves, MSCs have immunomodulatory functions which are exerted by direct cell-to-cell contacts, secretion of cytokines and/or by a combination of both mechanisms. There are no convincing data about a principal difference in the profile of cytokines secreted by MSCs isolated from different tissue sources, although some papers report some quantitative but not qualitative differences in cytokine secretion. The present review focuses on the basic cytokines secreted by MSCs as described in the literature by which the MSCs exert immunodulatory effects. It should be pointed out that MSCs themselves are objects of cytokine regulation. Hypothetical mechanisms by which the MSCs exert their immunoregulatory effects are also discussed in this review. These mechanisms may either influence the target immune cells directly or indirectly by affecting the activities of predominantly dendritic cells. Chemokines are also discussed as participants in this process by recruiting cells of the immune systems and thus making them targets of immunosuppression. This review aims to present and discuss the published data and the personal experience of the authors regarding cytokines secreted by MSCs and their effects on the cells of the immune system. | Dobroslav Kyurkchiev Ivan Bochev Ekaterina Ivanova-Todorova Milena Mourdjeva Tsvetelina Oreshkova Kalina Belemezova Stanimir Kyurkchiev | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，5： | 20 |
| 5 | Alteration of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: Twenty patients with mild AP (M-AP) and 15 with severe AP (S-AP) were included in our study. Pe-ripheral blood lymphocytes were examined at d 1-3, 5, 10 and 30 by means of ? ow cytometry. RESULTS: A signifi cant depletion of circulating lympho-cytes was found in AP. In the early AP, the magnitude of depletion was similar for T- and B- lymphocytes. In the late course of S-AP, B-lymphocytes were much more depleted than T-lymphocytes. At d 10, strong shift in the CD7+/CD19+ ratio implicating predominance of T- over B-lymphocytes in S-AP was found. Among T-lym-phocytes, the signifi cant depletion of the CD4+ popula-tion was observed in M-AP and S-AP, while CD8+ cells were in the normal range. Lymphocytes were found to strongly express activation markers: CD69, CD25, CD28, CD38 and CD122. Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were signifi cantly increased in both forms of AP. The magnitude of elevation of cytokines known to be produced by Th2 was much higher than cytokines produced by Th1 cells.CONCLUSION: AP in humans is characterized by significant reduction of peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes. | Miroslawa Pietruczuk Milena I Dabrowska Urszula Wereszczynska-Siemiatkowska Andrzej Dabrowski | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，33： | 15 |
| 6 | Local Proinflammatory Effects of Repeated Skin Exposure to Warfarin, An Anticoagulant Rodenticide in Rats显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the effects of epicutaneous application of anticoagulant warfarin, by examining the presence of tissue injury and immune/inflammatory activity in exposed skin. Methods: Rats were exposed to warfarin by applying 10 μg of warfarin‐sodium to 10‐12 cm 2 skin (range 0.8‐1 μg per 1 cm 2 ) for 3 consecutive days. Tissue injury was evaluated by lipid peroxidation, histomorphological changes and signs of reparative activity in skin. T cell infiltration and selected aspects of epidermal cell activity were examined as indicators of immune/inflammatory skin response to warfarin application. Results: Repeated warfarin application exerted no effect on skin metabolic viability, but resulted in tissue injury (increased malondialdehyde, MDA, production, evident histo‐morphological changes in epidermis and dermis depicting cell injury and death). Increased numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA + ) cells indicated reparative processes in injured skin. Infiltration of CD3 + cells (T lymphocytes) along with the increased production of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) by epidermal cells from warfarin‐treated skin and their co‐stimulatory effect in an in vitro T‐cell activation assay demonstrated immunomodulatory effects of epicutaneous warfarin. Conclusion: Presented data have documented tissue damage associated with immune/ inflammatory activity in skin exposed to warfarin. Observed effects are relevant to immunotoxic potential of this anticoagulant in settings of external exposure. | Aleksandra POPOV Ivana MIRKOV Lidija ZOLOTAREVSKI Milena JOVIC Sandra BELIJ Dragan KATARANOVSKI Milena KATARANOVSKI | 2011 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2011，24，2： | 13 |
| 7 | High-definition colonoscopy with i-Scan:Better diagnosis for small polyps and flat adenomas显示文摘AIM:To investigate if high-definition (HD) colonoscope with i-Scan gave a higher detection rate of mucosal lesions vs standard white-light instruments. METHODS:Data were collected from the computerized database of the endoscopy unit of our tertiary referral center. We retrospectively analyzed 1101 consecutive colonoscopies that were performed over 1 year with standard white-light (n = 849) or HD+ with i-Scan (n = 252) instruments by four endoscopists, in an outpatient setting. Colonoscopy records included patients' main details and family history for colorectal cancer, indication for colonoscopy (screening, diagnostic or surveillance), type of instrument used (standard white-light or HD+ plus i-Scan), name of endoscopist and bowel preparation. Records for each procedure included whether the cecum was reached or not and the reason for failure, complications during or immediately after the procedure, and number, size, location and characteristics of the lesions. Polyps or protrudinglesions were defined as sessile or pedunculated, and nonprotruding lesions were defined according to Paris classification. For each lesion, histological diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS:Eight hundred and forty-nine colonoscopies were carried with the standard white-light video colonoscope and 252 with the HD+ plus i-Scan video colonoscope. The four endoscopists did 264, 300, 276 and 261 procedures, respectively; 21.6%, 24.0%, 21.7% and 24.1% of them with the HD+ plus i-Scan technique. There were no significant differences between the four endoscopists in either the number of procedures done or the proportions of each imaging technique used. Both techniques detected one or more mucosal lesions in 522/1101 procedures (47.4%). The overall number of lesions recognized was 1266; 645 in the right colon and 621 in the left. A significantly higher number of colonoscopies recognized lesions in the HD+ plus i-Scan mode (171/252 = 67.9%) than with the standard white-light technique (408/849 = 48.1%) (P < 0.0001). HD+ with i-Scan colonoscopies identified more lesions than standard white-light imaging (459/252 and 807/849, P < 0.0001), in the right or left colon (mean ± SD, 1.62 ± 1.36 vs 1.33 ± 0.73, P < 0.003 and 1.55 ± 0.98 vs 1.17 ± 0.93, P = 0.033), more lesions < 10 mm (P < 0.0001) or nonprotruding (P < 0.022), and flat polyps (P = 0.04). The cumulative mean number of lesions per procedure detected by the four endoscopists was significantly higher with HD+ with i-Scan than with standard white-light imaging (1.82 ± 2.89vs 0.95 ± 1.35,P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION:HD imaging with i-Scan during the withdrawal phase of colonoscopy significantly increased the detection of colonic mucosal lesions, particularly small and nonprotruding polyps. | Pier Alberto Testoni Chiara Notaristefano Cristian Vailati Milena Di Leo Edi Viale | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，37： | 12 |
| 8 | Primary gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Clinical data predicted treatment outcome显示文摘AIM: To determine clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of gastric lymphoma after chemotherapy and immuno-chemotherapy. METHODS: Thirty four patients with primary gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (Ann Arbor stages Ⅰ to Ⅳ) were enrolled. All had upper gastric endoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, CT and H pylori status assessment (histology and serology). After anti-H pylori treatment and initial chemotherapy, patients were re-examined every 4 mo. RESULTS: Histological regression of the lymphoma was complete in 22/34 (64.7%) and partial in 9 (26.5%) patients. Median follow up time for these 31 responders was 60 mo (range 48-120). No regression was noted in 3 patients. Among the 25 (73.5%) H pylori positive patients, the eradication rate was 100%.CONCLUSION: Using univariate analysis, predictive factors for overall survival were international prognostic index (IPI) score, hemoglobin level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and platelet numbers (P < 0.005). In addition to this, Cox proportion hazard model differentiate IPI score, ESR, and platelets as predictors of survival. | Milena Todorovic Bela Balint Miodrag Jevtic Nada Suvajdzic Amela Ceric Dragana Stamatovic Olivera Markovic Maja Perunicic Slobodan Marjanovic Miodrag Krstic | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，15： | 10 |
| 9 | Comethylation of p16 and MGMT genes in colorectal carcinoma:Correlation with clinicopathological features and prognostic value显示文摘AIM: To investigate the significance of p16 and O6- methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) genes promoter hypermethylation and K-ras mutations on colorectal tumorigenesis and progression. METHODS: p16 and MGMT methylation status was examined on 47 tumor samples, and K-ras mutational status was examined on 85 tumor samples. For methylation analysis, a methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) method was used. RESULTS: p16 and MGMT promoter methylation was found in 51% (24/47) and 43% (20/47) of CRCs, respectively, and the K-ras mutation was found in 44% (37/85) of CRCs. Comethylation of p16 and MGMT genes was significantly associated with lower aggressiveness of the disease within a two-year period of observation. Only 27% of patients with simultaneous p 16 and MGMT methylation showed the detectible occurrence of metastasis and/or death, compared to 67% of patients without double methylation or with no methylation (3/11 vs 22/33, P < 0.05, χ2-test). In addition, p16 and MGMT comethylation showed a trend toward an association with longer survival in patients with CRCs (35.5 ± 6.0 mo vs 23.1 ± 3.2 mo, P = 0.072, Log-rank test). Progression of the disease within a two-year period was observed in 66% of patients carrying the K-ras mutation, compared to only 19% of patients with wild type K-ras (29/44 vs 7/37, P < 0.001, χ2-test). The presence of the K-ras mutation significantly correlated to shortened overall survival (20.0 ± 1.9 mo vs 37.0 ± 1.8 mo, P < 0.001, Log-rank test). The comethylation of p16 and MGMT genes was significantly associated with lower aggressiveness of the disease even when K-ras mutations were included in the analysis as an independent variable. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that comethylation of promoters of p 16 and MGMT genes could have a prognostic value in patients with CRC. Specifically, concurrent methylation of both genes correlates with better prognosis. | Koviljka Krtolica Milena Krajnovic Slavica Usaj-Knezevic Dragan Babic Dusan Jovanovic Bogomir Dimitrijevic | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，8： | 10 |
| 10 | Review on microbiota and effectiveness of probiotics use in older显示文摘The aim of the present systematic review is to summarize the existing knowledge about the human microbiota in the elderly and the effects of probiotics in elderly population. The elderly subjects, compared to adult population, show a reduction in the diversity of the microbiota, characterized by a large interindividual variability, with lower numbers of Firmicutes, Bifidobacteria, Clostridium cluster XIV, Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii, Blautia coccoides-Eubacterium rectal and higher presence of Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidetes. These differences of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly may not necessarily be caused by aging, but they could be associated with the decline of the general state of health with malnutrition and with increased need for medication, such as antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, situations that occur frequently in the elderly. Differences have been demonstrated in the composition of the microbiota between healthy elderly subjects and hospitalized or institutionalized elderly subjects. These findings which further indicates that the living conditions, health status, nutrition and drugs have a significant effect on the composition of the microbiota. According to the available knowledge, the use of probiotics is safe and could represent an useful intervention to prevent or treat antibioticassociated diarrhea, in addition to reducing the severity of symptoms, other than to help the management of constipation. | Mariangela Rondanelli Attilio Giacosa Milena Anna Faliva Simone Perna Francesca Allieri Anna Maria Castellazzi | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，2： | 10 |
| 11 | Endothelium-specific gene and stem cell-based therapy for erectile dysfunction显示文摘可勃起的机能障碍(编辑) 通常源于全身的脉管系统的内皮机能障碍。尽管磷酸二酯酶打 5,(PDE-5 ) 禁止者在对待编辑的大多数盒子是有效的,他们必须习惯性地被带并且为人的一个有意义的数字是徒劳的。在最近的年基因和茎,目标为阴茎内皮细胞层的基于房间的治疗在现出症状之前的潜的研究一直在获得动量。这些早研究揭示基于房间的治疗可以是的那基因和茎不朽并且有效,并且可以最后为下列评论将加亮我们基于房间的治疗在很多个实验动物模型执行了到日期的 endothelial 特定的基因和茎的当前的理解的编辑导致痊愈。 | Travis D. Strong Milena A. Gebska Arthur L. Bumett Hunter C. Champion Trinity J. Bivalacqua | 2008 | Asian Journal of Andrology2008，10，1： | 8 |
| 12 | Cancer mortality in Serbia, 1991-2015: an age-period-cohort and joinpoint regression analysis显示文摘Background:As the result of dramatic political changes,civil wars,and a long-term refugee crisis from the end of the last to beginning of this century,the population of Serbia has experienced significant health problems.The aim of this study was to assess cancer mortality trends in Serbia.Methods:This nationwide study was carried out to analyze cancer mortality in Serbia during 1991-2015 using offi-cial data.The age-standardized mortality rates(per 100,000)were calculated by direct standardization,using the world standard population by Segi.The average annual percent change(AAPC)and corresponding 95%confidence interval(CI)were computed using joinpoint regression analysis.Age-period-cohort analysis was performed to address the possible underlying reasons for the observed temporal trends.Results:Over the 25-year study period,there were 466,075 cancer deaths(266,043 males and 200,032 females)in Serbia.Overall cancer mortality increased between 1991 and 2009 in both males(by+0.9%per year)and females(by+0.8%per year)and has been decreasing since then,by−0.9%annually in both sexes.For almost all major cancers except stomach cancer,cancer mortality in Serbia demonstrated upward trends during the study period.The largest increases were noted in lung cancer among females(AAPC=+3.7,95%CI 3.5-3.9)and prostate cancer in males(AAPC=+1.9,95%CI 1.4-2.3).Conclusions:After two decades of increase,cancer mortality rates are finally declining in Serbia.Despite this,these rates place Serbia among the countries with the highest cancer mortality in the world. | Milena Ilic Irena Ilic | 2018 | Cancer Communications2018，38，1： | 7 |
| 13 | Metabolic syndrome attenuates ulcerative colitis: Correlation with interleukin-10 and galectin-3 expression显示文摘BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of intestinal epithelium,primarily of the colon.An increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with UC has been documented recently.Still,there is no evidence that MetS alters the course of the UC.AIM To test the influence of the MetS on the severity of UC and the local and systemic immune status.METHODS Eighty nine patients with de novo histologically confirmed UC were divided in two groups,according to ATP III criteria:Group without MetS(no MetS)and group with MetS.RESULTS Clinically and histologically milder disease with higher serum level of immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10(IL-10)and fecal content of Galectin-3(Gal-3)was observed in subjects with UC and MetS,compared to subjects suffering from UC only.This was accompanied with predomination of IL-10 over pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-17(IL-17)in the sera as well as Gal-3 over TNF-αand IL-17 in feces of UC patients with MetS.Further,the patients with both conditions(UC and MetS)had higher percentage of IL-10 producing and Gal-3 expressing innate and acquired immune cells in lamina propria.CONCLUSION Local dominance of Gal-3 and IL-10 over pro-inflammatory mediators in patients with MetS may present a mechanism for limiting the inflammatory process and subsequent tissue damage in UC. | Marina Jovanovic Bojana Simovic Markovic Nevena Gajovic Milena Jurisevic Aleksandar Djukic Ivan Jovanovic Nebojsa Arsenijevic Aleksandra Lukic Natasa Zdravkovic | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，43： | 5 |
| 14 | Surveilling Russell body Helicobacter pylori-negative gastritis: A case report and review of literature显示文摘BACKGROUND Russell body gastritis(RBG)is very rare type of chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa.The pathologic hallmark of the disease is Russell bodies(RB)which represent accumulation of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in endoplasmic reticulum of mature plasma cells(Mott cells).Most published cases are associated with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection because of correlation between plasma cell activation and antigenic stimulation.There are insufficient data about H.pylori-negative RBG and very little is known about the natural course of the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old male patient underwent endoscopic screening for mild iron deficiency anemia.Gastroscopy revealed diffuse hyperemia,edema and nodularity of the fundic and corpus mucosa.Due to non-specific endoscopic findings and iron-deficiency anemia our preliminary diagnosis was diffuse type of gastric carcinoma or gastric lymphoma.Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa showed inflammatory infiltrate rich in Mott cells,consisting entirely of cytoplasmic RB.Absence of nuclear atypia and mitosis of the plasma cells,polyclonal pattern of the Mott cells and negative staining for cytokeratins favored diagnosis of RBG.The patient was treated with proton-pump inhibitor for 8 wk.Long-term clinical and endoscopic surveillance was scheduled.Albeit,there was no improvement in endoscopic features of the gastric mucosa in three consecutive gastroscopies,histopathological findings demonstrated that the chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the fundic mucosa is less pronounced,rich in plasma cells,with almost absent RB and Mott cells.CONCLUSION The prognosis of this entity is uncertain,that is why these patients are subjects of continuous follow up. | Milena Peruhova Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska Viktoriya Georgieva Gabriela Panayotova Dorian Dikov | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，33： | 5 |
| 15 | E2F1-Regulated MicroRNAs Impair TGFβ-Dependent Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer显示文摘 | Fabio Petrocca Rosa Visone Mariadele Rapazzotti Onelli Manisha H. Shah Milena S. Nicoloso Ivana de Martino Dimitrios Iliopoulos Emanuela Pilozzi Chang-Gong Liu Massimo Negrini Luigi Cavazzini Stefano Volinia Hansjuerg Alder Luigi P. Ruco Gustavo Baldassar | 2008 | Cancer Cell2008，，3： | 4 |
| 16 | RANK-ligand and osteoprotegerin as biomarkers in the differentiation between periprosthetic joint infection and aseptic prosthesis loosening显示文摘AIM To assess serum levels of RANK-ligand(RANKL) and osteoprotegerin(OPG) as biomarkers for periprosthetic joint infection(PJI) and compare their accuracy with standard tests.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients presenting with a painful total knee or hip arthroplasty with indication for surgical revision were included in this prospective clinical trial. Based on standard diagnostics(joint aspirate, microbiological, and histological samples) and Musculoskeletal Infection Society consensus classification,patients were categorized into PJI, aseptic loosening,and control groups. Implant loosening was assessed radiographically and intraoperatively. Preoperative serum samples were collected and analyzed for RANKL, OPG, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase(AP), and the bone-specific subform of AP(b AP). Statistical analysis was carried out, testing for significant differences between the three groups and between stable and loose implants. RESULTS All three groups were identical in regards to age, gender, and joint distribution. No statistically significant differences in the serum concentration of RANKL(P = 0.16) and OPG(P = 0.45) were found between aseptic loosening and PJI, with a trend towards lower RANKL concentrations and higher OPG concentrations in the PJI group. The RANKL/OPG ratio was significant for the comparison between PJI and non-PJI(P = 0.005). A ratio > 60 ruled out PJI in all cases(specificity: 100%, 95%CI: 89, 11% to 100.0%) but only 30% of non-PJI patients crossed this threshold. The positive predictive value remained poor at any cut-off. In the differentiation between stable and loose implants, none of the parameters measured(calcium, phosphate, AP, and b AP) showed a significant difference, and only AP and b AP measurements showed a tendency towards higher values in the loosened group(with P = 0.09 for AP and P = 0.19 for b AP). CONCLUSION Lower RANKL and higher OPG concentrations could be detected in PJI, without statistical significance. | Max J Friedrich Matthias D Wimmer Jan Schmolders Andreas C Strauss Milena M Ploeger Hendrik Kohlhof Dieter C Wirtz Sascha Gravius Thomas M Randau | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，4： | 4 |
| 17 | Evaluation of mercury biogeochemical cycling at the sediment–water interface in anthropogenically modified lagoon environments显示文摘The Marano and Grado Lagoon is well known for being contaminated by mercury(Hg) from the Idrija mine(Slovenia) and the decommissioned chlor-alkali plant of Torviscosa(Italy).Experimental activities were conducted in a local fish farm to understand Hg cycling at the sediment–water interface. Both diffusive and benthic fluxes were estimated in terms of chemical and physical features. Mercury concentration in sediments(up to 6.81 μg/g)showed a slight variability with depth, whereas the highest methylmercury(MeHg) values(up to 10 ng/g) were detected in the first centimetres. MeHg seems to be produced and stored in the 2–3 cm below the sediment–water interface, where sulphate reducing bacteria activity occurs and hypoxic–anoxic conditions become persistent for days. DMeHg in porewaters varied seasonally(from 0.1 and 17% of dissolved Hg(DHg)) with the highest concentrations in summer. DHg diffusive effluxes higher(up to 444 ng/m^2/day) than those reported in the open lagoon(~ 95 ng/m^2/day), whereas DMeHg showed influxes in the fish farm(up to-156 ng/m^2/day). The diurnal DHg and DMeHg benthic fluxes were found to be higher than the highest summer values previously reported for the natural lagoon environment. Bottom sediments, especially in anoxic conditions, seem to be a significant source of MeHg in the water column where it eventually accumulates. However, net fluxes considering the daily trend of DHg and DMeHg, indicated possible DMeHg degradation processes. Enhancing water dynamics in the fish farm could mitigate environmental conditions suitable for Hg methylation. | Elisa Petranich Stefano Covelli Alessandro Acquavita Jadran Faganeli Milena Horvat Marco Contin | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，6： | 4 |
| 18 | Subchronic Oral Cadmium Exposure Exerts both Stimulatory and Suppressive Effects on Pulmonary Inflammation/Immune Reactivity in Rats显示文摘Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of oral cadmium(Cd) ingestion on the pulmonary immune response. Methods Determination of Cd content in lungs and histopathological evaluation of the tissue was performed in rats following 30-day oral Cd administration(5 and 50 mg/L). Antioxidant enzyme defense(superoxide dismutase and catalase), cell infiltration, and production of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) and interferon(IFN)-γ, as well as the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO), nitric oxide(NO), and various cytokines [interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17] were investigated. Results Cd caused tissue damage and cell infiltration in the lungs, and this damage was more pronounced at higher doses. Cd deposition resulted in lung inflammation characterized by a dose-dependent IL-1β increase in lung homogenates, increased TNF levels at both doses, and IL-6 stimulation at low doses with inhibition observed at higher doses. Cd exerted differential effects on lung leukocytes isolated by enzyme digestion, and these effects were characterized by a lack of change in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, an inhibition of IL-1β and TNF, and stimulation of MPO and IFN-γ. The higher capacity of Cd-exposed lung cells to respond to the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis was demonstrated in vitro. Conclusion The potential of ingested Cd to exert both proinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects on pulmonary tissue inflammation and immune reactivity highlights the complex immunomodulatory actions of this metal. | KULAS Jelena NINKOV Marina TUCOVIC Dina POPOV Aleksandrov Aleksandra UKROPINA Mirela CAKIC MILOSEVIC Maja MUTIC Jelena KATARANOVSKI Milena MIKROV Ivana | 2019 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2019，32，7： | 4 |
| 19 | Galectin-3 possible involvement in antipsychotic-induced metabolic changes of schizophrenia:A minireview显示文摘Recently,specific immunometabolic profiles have been postulated in patients with schizophrenia,even before full-blown disease and independent of antipsychotic treatment.Proteomic profiling studies offer a promising potential for elucidating the cellular and molecular pathways that may be involved in the onset and progression of schizophrenia symptoms,and co-occurrent metabolic changes.In view of all this,we were intrigued to explore galectin-3(Gal-3)as a glycan,and in our previous study,we measured its elevated levels in remission of schizophrenia.The finding may be a consequence of antipsychotic treatment and may have an impact on the onset of inflammation,the development of obesity,and the presumed cognitive changes in schizophrenia.In the animal study,it was shown that downregulation of Gal-3 was beneficial in insulin regulation of obesity and cognitive preservation.Strategies involving plasma exchange are discussed in this review,particularly in the context of Gal-3 elimination. | Milica M Borovcanin Katarina Vesic Milena Jovanovic Natasa R Mijailovic | 2021 | World Journal of Diabetes2021，12，10： | 4 |
| 20 | Microglia activation:a role for mitochondrial DNA?显示文摘Microglial cells and perivascular macrophages are the only resident immune cells of the brain parenchyma and act as innate immune sentinels in the central nervous system(CNS).Microglial cells are vital for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis thanks to their strict interaction with neurons.When the homeostasis of the microenvironment is disrupted,microglia can alter their phenotype acquiring pro-or antiinflammatory function to defend the brain. | Marcello Pinti Diana Ferraro Milena Nasi | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，12： | 3 |
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